Preface |
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xv | |
Acronyms |
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xvii | |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (6) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Traditional layered architecture |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Necessity of cross-layer optimization |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (3) |
Part I Basic concepts |
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11 | (42) |
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2 Wireless channel properties |
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15 | (9) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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2.3.1 Flat-fading channels |
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18 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Frequency-selective fading channels |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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2.4.1 Flat slow-fading channels |
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21 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Frequency-selective slow-fading channels |
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22 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Fast-fading channels |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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3 Spectral and energy efficiency of wireless networks |
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24 | (7) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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3.3 Link metrics versus network metrics |
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26 | (5) |
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3.3.1 Link spectral efficiency |
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26 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Network spectral efficiency |
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27 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Link energy efficiency |
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29 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Network energy efficiency |
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29 | (2) |
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4 Centralized resource management in wireless networks |
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31 | (12) |
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31 | (1) |
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4.2 Wireless scheduling challenges |
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32 | (2) |
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4.3 Centralized scheduling algorithms |
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34 | (9) |
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4.3.1 Round-robin scheduling |
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35 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Max throughput scheduling |
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36 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Proportional fair scheduling |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Max utility scheduling |
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39 | (4) |
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5 Distributed resource management in wireless networks |
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43 | (10) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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5.3 Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) |
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46 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Non-persistent CSMA |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Effect of detection delay |
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47 | (1) |
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5.4 CSMA with collision detection |
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48 | (1) |
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5.5 Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) |
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49 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Hidden and exposed terminal problems |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
Part II Centralized cross-layer optimization |
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53 | (94) |
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55 | (6) |
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6.1 System model and problem description |
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56 | (3) |
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6.1.1 Channel characteristics in OFDM |
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56 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Rate adaptation in OFDM |
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58 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Dynamic subcarrier assignment and adaptive power allocation |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Problem description |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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7 Utility-based optimization framework for OFDMA |
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61 | (11) |
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7.1 Rate-based utility functions |
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61 | (1) |
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7.2 Theoretical framework |
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62 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Problem formulation |
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62 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Dynamic subcarrier assignment |
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63 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Adaptive power allocation |
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66 | (3) |
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7.2.4 Properties of cross-layer optimization |
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69 | (3) |
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8 Algorithm development for utility-based optimization |
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72 | (22) |
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8.1 Dynamic subcarrier assignment (DSA) algorithms |
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72 | (5) |
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8.1.1 Optimality conditions |
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73 | (2) |
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8.1.2 Sorting-search algorithm of subcarrier assignment |
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75 | (2) |
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8.2 Adaptive power allocation (APA) algorithms |
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77 | (3) |
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8.2.1 APA for fixed subcarrier assignment |
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77 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Sequential-linear-approximation water-filling algorithm for continuous rate adaptation |
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78 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Greedy power allocation algorithm based on maximizing total utility for discrete rate adaptation |
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78 | (2) |
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8.3 Joint dynamic subcarrier assignment and adaptive power allocation |
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80 | (1) |
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8.4 Algorithm modification for non-concave utility functions |
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81 | (1) |
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8.5 Maximum utility with respect to average data rates |
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81 | (3) |
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8.6 Efficiency and fairness |
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84 | (3) |
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8.6.1 Fairness of "extreme OFDM" using utility functions with respect to instantaneous data rates |
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85 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Fairness of "practical OFDM" using utility functions with respect to average data rates |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (6) |
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93 | (1) |
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9 Joint channel- and queue-aware multi-carrier scheduling using delay-based utility functions |
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94 | (23) |
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94 | (1) |
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9.2 Extending scheduling rules in single-carrier networks into OFDMA networks |
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95 | (2) |
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9.2.1 Max-sum-capacity (MSC) rule |
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95 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Proportional fair (PF) scheduling |
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96 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Modified largest weighted delay first (M-LWDF) rule |
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96 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Exponential (EXP) rule |
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96 | (1) |
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9.3 Max-delay-utility (MDU) scheduling |
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97 | (3) |
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97 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Optimization objective |
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97 | (2) |
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9.3.3 Problem formulation in OFDMA |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (6) |
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9.4.1 Background and definition of stability |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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9.4.3 Maximum stability region |
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102 | (4) |
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106 | (4) |
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9.6 Further improvement through delay transmit diversity and adaptive power allocation |
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110 | (2) |
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9.6.1 Joint dynamic subcarrier assignment and adaptive power allocation |
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110 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Delay transmit diversity |
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111 | (1) |
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9.7 Simulation results and performance comparison |
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112 | (4) |
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9.7.1 Performance comparison |
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112 | (4) |
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9.7.2 Improvement in delay transmit diversity and adaptive power allocation |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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10 Utility-based generalized QoS scheduling for heterogeneous traffic |
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117 | (9) |
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117 | (1) |
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10.2 MDU scheduling for heterogeneous traffic |
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118 | (2) |
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10.2.1 Mechanisms of MDU scheduling for diverse QoS requirements |
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118 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Marginal utility functions for MDU scheduling |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (5) |
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10.3.1 Simulation conditions |
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120 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Simulation results |
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121 | (4) |
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125 | (1) |
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11 Asymptotic performance analysis for channel-aware scheduling |
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126 | (21) |
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11.1 Extreme value theory |
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126 | (3) |
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11.2 Asymptotic throughput analysis of single-carrier networks |
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129 | (10) |
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129 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Throughput analysis for Rayleigh fading |
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130 | (3) |
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11.2.3 Throughput analysis for general channel distributions |
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133 | (3) |
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11.2.4 Throughput analysis for normalized-SNR-based scheduling |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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11.3 Asymptotic delay analysis of single-carrier networks |
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139 | (3) |
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11.3.1 Asymptotic distribution of service time |
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140 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Average waiting time |
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141 | (1) |
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11.4 Asymptotic performance analysis of multi-carrier networks |
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142 | (4) |
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11.4.1 Asymptotic throughput analysis |
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142 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Asymptotic delay analysis |
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143 | (1) |
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11.4.3 Delay performance comparison |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
Part III Distributed cross-layer optimization |
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147 | (88) |
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149 | (5) |
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149 | (1) |
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12.2 Distributed multi-user diversity |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (3) |
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13 Opportunistic random access: single-cell cellular networks |
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154 | (10) |
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154 | (6) |
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13.1.1 Protocol design and parameter optimization |
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157 | (2) |
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13.1.2 Performance analysis |
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159 | (1) |
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13.2 Opportunistic splitting algorithms |
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160 | (4) |
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14 Opportunistic random access: any network topology |
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164 | (18) |
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164 | (2) |
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14.2 Optimal design rules |
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166 | (4) |
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14.2.1 MAC layer analysis |
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167 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Physical layer analysis |
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168 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Criterion for cross-layer design |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (3) |
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14.4 Optimal PHY operation |
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173 | (5) |
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14.4.1 Physical layer optimization with channel inversion |
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173 | (2) |
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14.4.2 Physical layer optimization with adaptive modulation and power allocation |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (4) |
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14.5.1 Network performance improvement |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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15 Optimal channel-aware distributed MAC |
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182 | (21) |
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183 | (3) |
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15.2 Channel-aware medium access control |
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186 | (4) |
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190 | (5) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (5) |
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16 Opportunistic random access with intelligent interference avoidance |
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203 | (14) |
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16.1 Intelligent interferer recognition |
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204 | (2) |
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16.2 Co-channel interference avoidance MAC |
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206 | (2) |
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16.3 Parameter optimization |
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208 | (3) |
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208 | (2) |
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16.3.2 An alternate trigger mechanism using location knowledge |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (6) |
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16.4.1 Relationship of trigger and SNR |
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212 | (1) |
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16.4.2 Performance improvement |
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213 | (4) |
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17 Distributed power control |
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217 | (18) |
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217 | (1) |
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17.2 Power control for real-time traffic |
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218 | (3) |
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17.2.1 Distributed power control |
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220 | (1) |
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17.3 Power control for elastic traffic |
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221 | (16) |
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17.3.1 Existence of equilibrium |
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224 | (1) |
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17.3.2 Uniqueness of equilibrium in single-channel systems |
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225 | (3) |
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17.3.3 Uniqueness of equilibrium in multi-channel systems |
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228 | (3) |
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17.3.4 Distributed power control with pricing |
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231 | (4) |
Part IV Cross-layer optimization for energy-efficient networks |
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235 | (103) |
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237 | (7) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (4) |
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19 Energy-efficient transmission |
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244 | (38) |
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19.1 Energy efficiency capacity |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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19.3 Energy-efficient transmission in practice |
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246 | (4) |
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19.4 Energy-efficient link adaptation in frequency-selective channels |
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250 | (13) |
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19.4.1 Modeling of energy-efficient link adaptation |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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19.4.3 Constrained energy-efficient link adaptation |
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256 | (1) |
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19.4.4 Energy-efficient downlink OFDMA transmission |
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257 | (1) |
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19.4.5 Iterative algorithm design |
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258 | (4) |
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19.4.6 Energy efficiency gain |
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262 | (1) |
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19.5 Low-complexity energy-efficient link adaptation |
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263 | (3) |
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19.6 Energy-efficient MIMO and MU-MIMO link adaptation |
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266 | (16) |
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19.6.1 Energy-efficient MU-MIMO modeling |
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267 | (3) |
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19.6.2 Principles of energy-efficient MU-MIMO power allocation |
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270 | (1) |
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19.6.3 Energy-efficient MU-MIMO with improved circuit management |
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271 | (6) |
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19.6.4 Energy efficiency gain |
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277 | (5) |
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20 Centralized energy-efficient wireless resource management |
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282 | (19) |
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282 | (3) |
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20.1.1 Circuit component management |
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282 | (1) |
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20.1.2 Time-domain resource management |
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283 | (1) |
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20.1.3 Frequency-domain resource management |
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284 | (1) |
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20.1.4 Spatial-domain resource management |
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284 | (1) |
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20.2 Energy-efficient OFDMA in flat-fading channels |
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285 | (6) |
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20.2.1 Resource allocation without fairness |
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287 | (1) |
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20.2.2 Resource allocation with fairness |
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288 | (1) |
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20.2.3 Performance comparisons |
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289 | (2) |
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20.3 Energy-efficient scheduling in frequency-selective channels |
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291 | (10) |
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20.3.1 Time-averaged network energy efficiency |
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292 | (2) |
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20.3.2 Energy-efficient scheduler |
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294 | (3) |
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20.3.3 Network performance |
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297 | (4) |
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21 Distributed energy-efficient wireless resource management |
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301 | (20) |
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21.1 Distributed energy-efficient MAC design |
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301 | (7) |
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21.1.1 General rules of distributed MAC design |
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302 | (2) |
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21.1.2 Impact of traffic load on energy consumption |
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304 | (4) |
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21.2 Energy-efficient communications in special regimes |
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308 | (4) |
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21.2.1 Circuit power dominated regime |
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309 | (1) |
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21.2.2 Transmit power dominated regime |
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309 | (1) |
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21.2.3 Noise dominated regime |
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310 | (1) |
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21.2.4 Interference dominated regime |
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310 | (2) |
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21.3 Distributed energy-efficient power control in frequency-selective channels |
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312 | (9) |
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21.3.1 Non-cooperative energy-efficient power optimization game |
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313 | (1) |
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21.3.2 Existence of equilibrium |
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314 | (1) |
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21.3.3 Uniqueness of equilibrium in flat-fading channels |
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315 | (1) |
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21.3.4 Uniqueness of equilibrium in frequency-selective channels |
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316 | (1) |
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21.3.5 Conservative nature of power control |
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317 | (1) |
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21.3.6 Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency improvement |
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318 | (3) |
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22 Energy-efficient cellular network design |
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321 | (14) |
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22.1 Fundamental tradeoffs in network resource utilization |
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321 | (6) |
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22.1.1 Spectral and energy efficiency in single-user systems |
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322 | (1) |
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22.1.2 Spectral and energy efficiency in multi-user systems with orthogonal selective channels |
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323 | (2) |
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22.1.3 Spectral and energy efficiency in multi-user systems with interference channels |
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325 | (2) |
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22.2 Energy-efficient homogeneous network deployment |
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327 | (3) |
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22.3 Energy-efficient heterogeneous network deployment |
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330 | (2) |
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22.4 Energy-efficient cellular network operation |
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332 | (3) |
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22.4.1 Energy-efficient cell breathing |
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332 | (1) |
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22.4.2 Energy-efficient BS sleeping |
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332 | (1) |
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22.4.3 Cell size adaptation techniques |
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333 | (1) |
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22.4.4 Other energy-efficient designs |
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334 | (1) |
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23 Implementation in practice |
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335 | (3) |
Appendix A Proofs of Theorems and Lemmas |
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338 | (17) |
References |
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355 | (10) |
Index |
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365 | |