| 1 The Importance of Presentations |
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1 | (6) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Giving presentations gives you visibility and advances your career |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Simply attending, without presenting, is not enough |
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1.4 Good presentations: typical features |
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1.5 Bad presentations: typical features |
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1.6 The key to a professional presentation |
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| 2 TED and Learning from Others |
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7 | (12) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.2 Choosing a TED presentation and learning the benefits |
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9 | (1) |
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2.3 TED example with use of slides: Let's bridge the digital divide! |
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2.4 TED example with minimal slides, delivered from a lectern: The forgotten history of autism |
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2.5 What might Steve have done differently if he had been giving a more formal version of his talk at an international conference made up of a multilingual audience? |
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2.6 TED example delivered from a lectern: This is what it's like to teach in North Korea |
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2.7 What can you learn from these three TED presentations? |
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14 | (1) |
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2.8 Should you opt for TED-style presentations? |
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15 | (1) |
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2.9 TED viewers rarely comment on non-native speakers' use of English |
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16 | (1) |
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2.10 Note down what you remember about the presentations you watch |
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17 | (1) |
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2.11 Assess other people's presentations |
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| 3 Why You Should Write Out Your Speech |
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19 | (18) |
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20 | (2) |
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3.2 Write down your speech |
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3.3 Don't lift text directly from your paper |
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23 | (1) |
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3.4 Only have one idea per sentence |
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24 | (1) |
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3.5 Be concise-only say things that add value |
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25 | (1) |
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3.6 Simplify sentences that are difficult to say |
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26 | (1) |
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3.7 Do not use synonyms for technical/key words |
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27 | (1) |
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3.8 Only use synonyms for nontechnical words |
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27 | (1) |
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3.9 Use verbs rather than nouns |
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28 | (1) |
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3.10 Avoid abstract nouns |
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28 | (1) |
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3.11 Avoid generic quantities and unspecific adjectives |
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28 | (1) |
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3.12 Advantages of having a written script |
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29 | (1) |
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3.13 Mark up your script and then practice reading it aloud |
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30 | (1) |
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3.14 Use your script to write notes to accompany your slides |
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31 | (1) |
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3.15 Use your speech to decide if and when to have slides and in what order |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (4) |
| 4 Writing the text of your slides |
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37 | (20) |
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38 | (1) |
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4.2 Part 1: Titles - Whole Presentation And Individual Slides |
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39 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Make sure your title is not too technical for your audience |
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39 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Remove all redundancy from your title, but don't be too concise |
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41 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Check that your title is grammatical and is spelt correctly |
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42 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Deciding what else to include in the title slide |
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43 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Think of alternative titles for your slides |
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44 | (1) |
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4.3 Part 2: Keeping Text On Slides To The Minimum |
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45 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Keep it simple: one idea per slide |
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45 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Where possible, avoid complete sentences |
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45 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Only use complete sentences for a specific purpose |
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46 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Avoid repetition within the same slide |
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47 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Use only well-known acronyms, abbreviations, contractions, and symbols |
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48 | (1) |
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4.3.6 Choose the shortest forms possible |
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48 | (1) |
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4.3.7 Cut brackets containing text |
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49 | (1) |
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4.3.8 Keep quotations short |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.3.10 Don't put text in your slides to say what you will do or have done during your presentation |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Limit yourself to six (standard) bullets per slide, with a a maximum of two levels of bullets |
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52 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Choose the best order for the bullets |
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53 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Do not use a bullet for every line in your text |
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53 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Be grammatical in bullets and where possible use verbs not nouns |
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54 | (2) |
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4.5 Part 4: Checking Your Slides |
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56 | (1) |
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4.5.1 Print your slides as a handout then edit/cut them |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
| 5 Visual Elements and Fonts |
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57 | (18) |
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58 | (1) |
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5.2 Use visuals to help your audience understand, but keep the visuals simple |
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59 | (1) |
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5.3 Choose the. most appropriate figure to illustrate your point |
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60 | (5) |
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5.4 Design pie charts so that the audience can immediately understand them |
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65 | (2) |
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5.5 Only include visuals that you intend to talk about |
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67 | (1) |
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5.6 Use an image to replace unnecessary or tedious text |
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67 | (1) |
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5.7 Only show a slide for as long as you are talking about it |
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68 | (1) |
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5.8 Avoid visuals that force you (the presenter) to look at the screen |
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68 | (1) |
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5.9 Make sure your slide can be read by the audience in the back row |
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69 | (1) |
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5.10 Use background color to facilitate audience understanding |
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69 | (1) |
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5.11 Choose your font(s) wisely, and limit different types of formatting |
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70 | (1) |
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5.12 Remember the difference in usage between commas and points in numbers |
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70 | (1) |
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5.13 Locate formulas, code, procedures etc between 'easy-on-the-eye' slides |
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70 | (1) |
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5.14 Be aware of the dangers of presentation software |
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71 | (1) |
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5.15 Only use animations if they serve a good purpose |
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72 | (1) |
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5.16 Introduce items in a list one at a time only if absolutely necessary |
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72 | (1) |
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5.17 A few tricks provided by presentation software |
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73 | (1) |
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| 6 Ten Ways to Begin a Presentation |
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75 | (14) |
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76 | (1) |
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6.2 Basic do's and don'ts at the beginning of your presentation |
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77 | (1) |
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6.3 Decide how you are going to begin |
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77 | (1) |
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6.4 Say what you plan to do in your presentation and why |
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78 | (2) |
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6.5 Tell the audience some facts about where you come from |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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6.7 Give an interesting statistic that relates to your country |
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82 | (1) |
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6.8 Give an interesting statistic that relates directly to the audience |
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82 | (2) |
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6.9 Get the audience to imagine a situation |
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84 | (1) |
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6.10 Ask the audience a question |
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84 | (2) |
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6.11 Say something personal about yourself |
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86 | (1) |
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6.12 Mention something topical |
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87 | (1) |
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6.13 Say something counterintuitive |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
| 7 Agenda and Transitions |
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89 | (10) |
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90 | (1) |
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7.2 Consider not having an "agenda" slide |
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91 | (1) |
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7.3 Use an "Agenda" slide for longer presentations and for arts, humanities, and social sciences |
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92 | (2) |
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7.4 Use an agenda to introduce key terminology |
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94 | (1) |
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7.5 Only move to the next slide when you've finished talking about the current slide |
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94 | (1) |
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7.6 Use transitions to guide your audience |
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95 | (1) |
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7.7 Learn how to signal a move from one section to the next |
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96 | (1) |
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7.8 Exploit your transitions for other purposes than simply moving to the next topic |
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96 | (1) |
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7.9 Only use an introductory phrase to a slide when strictly necessary |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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7.11 Add variety to your transitions |
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| 8 Methodology |
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99 | (12) |
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100 | (1) |
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8.2 First, regain the audience's attention |
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101 | (1) |
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8.3 Give simple explanations and be careful when giving numbers |
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101 | (1) |
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8.4 Give examples first, technical explanations second |
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102 | (1) |
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8.5 Be brief and only talk about what is strictly necessary |
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102 | (1) |
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8.6 Show only the key steps in a process or procedure |
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103 | (1) |
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8.7 Use slide titles to help explain a process |
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104 | (1) |
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8.8 Explain why you are not describing the whole process |
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104 | (1) |
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8.9 Indicate where you are in a process |
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105 | (1) |
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8.10 Tell a story rather than sounding like a technical manual |
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106 | (2) |
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8.11 Bring your figures, graphs, etc., alive |
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108 | (1) |
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8.12 Minimize or cut the use of equations, formulas, and calculations |
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109 | (1) |
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8.13 Use active and passive forms effectively |
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110 | (1) |
| 9 Results and Discussion |
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111 | (12) |
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112 | (1) |
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9.2 Focus only on the key results, and keep the explanation short |
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113 | (1) |
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9.3 Communicate the value of what you have done-put your results in the big picture |
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114 | (1) |
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9.4 Explain graphs in a meaningful way |
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114 | (2) |
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9.5 Avoid phrases that might make you sound overconfident, arrogant or critical of others |
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116 | (2) |
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9.6 Tell the audience about any problems in interpreting your results |
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118 | (1) |
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9.7 Explain whether your results were expected or not |
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119 | (1) |
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9.8 Be upfront about your poor/uninteresting/negative results |
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120 | (1) |
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9.9 Turn your 'negative' results into an opportunity for collaboration |
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121 | (1) |
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9.10 Encourage discussion and debate |
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| 10 Conclusions |
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123 | (10) |
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124 | (1) |
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10.2 Be brief and don't deviate from your planned speech |
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125 | (1) |
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10.3 Show your enthusiasm and remind audience of key findings |
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126 | (1) |
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10.4 Make sure your final slides give useful information |
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127 | (1) |
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10.5 Five ways to end a presentation |
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128 | (3) |
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10.6 Write/Show something interesting on your final slide |
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131 | (1) |
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10.7 Prepare a sequence of identical copies of your last slide |
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132 | (1) |
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10.8 Learn what to say before you introduce the Q&A session |
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132 | (1) |
| 11 Questions and Answers |
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133 | (10) |
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134 | (1) |
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11.2 Learn to deal with your anxiety about the Q&A session |
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135 | (1) |
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11.3 Prepare in advance for all possible questions |
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136 | (1) |
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11.4 Give the audience time to respond to your call for questions |
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136 | (1) |
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11.5 Get the questioner to stand up. Reply to the whole audience |
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137 | (1) |
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11.6 Repeat the questions |
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137 | (1) |
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11.7 Remember that it is not just your fault if you can't understand the question |
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138 | (1) |
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11.8 Don't interrupt the questioner unless |
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138 | (1) |
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11.9 Be concise in giving your answers |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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11.11 If you are attending an important professor's presentation, think about the value of asking her/him a question? |
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140 | (1) |
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11.12 Think about how you might answer (or ask) generic questions |
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140 | (3) |
| 12 Attracting Audiences and Keeping Their Attention |
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143 | (14) |
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144 | (1) |
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12.2 Ensure you have an attractive title |
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145 | (1) |
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12.3 Be aware of the implications of the time when your presentation is scheduled |
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146 | (1) |
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12.4 Immediately make eye contact with the audience and maintain it throughout |
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146 | (1) |
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12.5 Adopt an appropriate level of formality |
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147 | (2) |
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12.6 Exploit moments of high audience attention |
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149 | (1) |
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12.7 Don't spend too long on one slide and consider blanking the screen |
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149 | (1) |
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12.8 Learn ways to regain audience attention after you have lost it |
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150 | (1) |
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12.9 Present statistics in a way that the audience can relate to them |
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151 | (1) |
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12.10 Avoid quasi-technical terms |
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152 | (1) |
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12.11 Explain or paraphrase words that may be unfamiliar to the audience |
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152 | (1) |
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12.12 Occasionally use 'strong' adjectives |
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153 | (1) |
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12.13 Be aware of cultural differences |
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153 | (1) |
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12.14 Be serious and have fun |
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154 | (1) |
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12.15 Gaining and keeping your audience's attention: a summary |
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155 | (2) |
| 13 Handling Your Nerves |
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157 | (8) |
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158 | (1) |
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13.2 Standing up in public |
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159 | (1) |
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13.3 Dealing with your English accent and grammar |
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160 | (1) |
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13.4 Presenting negative or 'uninteresting' results |
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161 | (1) |
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13.5 Handling nerves during the Q&A session |
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161 | (2) |
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13.6 Prepare for forgetting what you want to say |
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163 | (1) |
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13.7 Get to know your potential audience at the bar and social dinners |
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163 | (1) |
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13.8 Check out the room where your presentation will be |
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164 | (1) |
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13.9 Do some physical exercises immediately before your presentation |
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164 | (1) |
| 14 Pronunciation and Intonation |
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165 | (10) |
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166 | (1) |
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14.2 English has an irregular system of pronunciation |
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167 | (1) |
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14.3 Dealing with your accent and pronunciation |
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167 | (1) |
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14.4 Use online resources to check your pronunciation |
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168 | (1) |
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14.5 Practise your pronunciation by following transcripts and imitating the speaker |
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169 | (1) |
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14.6 Don't speak too fast or too much, and vary your tone of voice |
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170 | (1) |
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14.7 Use stress to highlight the key words |
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171 | (1) |
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14.8 Be very careful of English technical words that also exist in your language |
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172 | (1) |
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14.9 Practise -ed endings |
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172 | (1) |
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14.10 Enunciate numbers very clearly |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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14.12 Practise with a native speaker |
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173 | (2) |
| 15 Rehearsing and Self-Assessment |
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175 | (14) |
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176 | (1) |
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15.2 Use your notes (upload them onto your phone) |
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177 | (1) |
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15.3 Vary the parts you practice |
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178 | (1) |
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15.4 Practice your position relative to the screen |
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179 | (1) |
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15.5 Don't sit. Stand and move around |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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15.7 Have an expressive face and smile |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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15.9 Cut redundant slides (but not interesting ones), simplify complicated slides |
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182 | (1) |
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15.10 Prepare for the software or the equipment breaking down |
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183 | (1) |
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15.11 Make a video recording of yourself |
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184 | (1) |
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15.12 Learn how to be self-critical: practice with colleagues |
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184 | (2) |
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15.13 Get colleagues to assess the value of your slides |
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186 | (1) |
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15.14 Email your presentation to your professor and colleagues |
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186 | (1) |
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15.15 Do a final spell check on your slides |
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187 | (1) |
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15.16 Improve your slides and your speech after the presentation |
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187 | (2) |
| 16 Networking: Preparation for Social Events |
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189 | (14) |
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190 | (1) |
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16.2 Exploit conferences for publishing your research and for networking |
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190 | (1) |
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16.3 Anticipate answers to questions that people might ask you after your presentation |
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191 | (1) |
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16.4 Learn how to introduce yourself for both formal and informal occasions |
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192 | (1) |
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16.5 Use people's titles where appropriate |
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193 | (1) |
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16.6 Prepare strategies for introducing yourself to a presenter after his/her presentation |
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194 | (1) |
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16.7 Learn how to introduce yourself to a group of people |
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194 | (2) |
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16.8 Identify typical conversation topics and prepare related vocabulary lists |
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196 | (1) |
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16.9 Learn what topics of conversation are not acceptable for particular nationalities |
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197 | (1) |
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16.10 Think of other safe topics that involve cultural similarities rather than just differences |
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198 | (1) |
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16.11 If you live near the conference location, be prepared to answer questions on your town |
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199 | (1) |
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16.12 Prepare anecdotes that you can recount over dinner |
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199 | (2) |
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16.13 Practice being at the center of attention in low-risk situations |
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201 | (2) |
| 17 Networking: Successful Informal Meetings |
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203 | (14) |
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204 | (1) |
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17.2 Decide in advance which key people you want to meet |
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205 | (1) |
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17.3 Email your key person in advance of the conference |
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206 | (1) |
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17.4 Consider telephoning your key person in advance of the conference, rather than emailing |
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207 | (1) |
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17.5 Think of how the meeting could be beneficial not only to you but also to your key person |
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208 | (1) |
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17.6 Find out as much as you can about your key person, but be discreet |
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208 | (1) |
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17.7 Encourage your key person to come to your presentation or poster session |
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209 | (1) |
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17.8 Exploit opportunities for introductions at the coffee machine |
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209 | (2) |
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17.9 Be prepared for what to say if your proposal for a meeting is not accepted |
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211 | (1) |
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17.10 Prepare well for any informal one-to-one meetings |
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211 | (1) |
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17.11 Be positive throughout informal one-to-one meetings |
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211 | (2) |
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17.12 A verbal exchange is like a game of ping gong: always give your interlocutor an opportunity to speak |
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213 | (3) |
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17.13 Ensure that you follow up on your meeting |
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216 | (1) |
| 18 Posters |
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217 | (12) |
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218 | (1) |
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18.2 Part 1: Creating A Poster And Knowing What To Say |
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219 | (5) |
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219 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Types of research that might be better presented in a poster rather than a formal presentation |
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219 | (1) |
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18.2.3 Deciding what to include |
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220 | (1) |
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18.2.4 Using bullets to describe your research objectives |
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220 | (1) |
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18.2.5 Other points in the poster where you can use bullets |
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221 | (1) |
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18.2.6 Checking your text |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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18.2.8 What to say to your audience |
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223 | (1) |
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18.3 Part 2: What Sections To Include And What To Put In Them |
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224 | (5) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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18.3.4 Materials and methods |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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18.3.7 Your contact details |
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228 | (1) |
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18.3.8 Other things to include (in a much smaller font) |
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228 | (1) |
| 19 Advice for Native English Speakers on How to Present at International Conferences and Run Workshops |
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229 | (20) |
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230 | (1) |
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19.2 Learn from seasoned speakers |
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231 | (1) |
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19.3 Understand what it feels like not to understand |
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232 | (1) |
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19.4 Watch TED to understand how it feels to be a non-native speaker |
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233 | (1) |
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19.5 Watch TED to understand how to talk to non-natives |
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234 | (1) |
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19.6 Learn another language! |
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235 | (1) |
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19.7 Have two versions of your presentation |
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235 | (1) |
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19.8 Ensure you adapt a presentation that you have given to native speakers and make it suitable for non-natives |
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236 | (1) |
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19.9 Focus on what non-natives actually like about native speakers |
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236 | (1) |
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19.10 Be careful of cultural differences |
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|
237 | (1) |
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19.11 Avoid humor, but have fun |
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237 | (2) |
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|
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239 | (1) |
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19.13 Choose appropriate vocabulary |
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239 | (2) |
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19.14 Mind your language! |
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241 | (1) |
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19.15 Speak slowly and enunciate very clearly |
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242 | (1) |
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19.16 Workshops and seminars: try to reduce anxiety levels of the audience as soon as possible |
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|
242 | (1) |
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19.17 Never equate a person's level of English with their level of intelligence |
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243 | (1) |
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19.18 Take responsibility for any lack of understanding by your interlocutor |
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|
243 | (1) |
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19.19 Ask your participants questions during workshops |
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|
244 | (1) |
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19.20 Avoid saying 'OK?' to check understanding during workshops |
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|
244 | (1) |
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19.21 Remind the audience of the big picture |
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|
245 | (1) |
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19.22 Have recap slides in addition to or as an occasional alternative to questions slides |
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246 | (1) |
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19.23 Reduce your talking time during workshops, seminars and training sessions |
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|
246 | (1) |
|
19.24 Timing and breaks: using exercises in workshops |
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|
247 | (1) |
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|
247 | (1) |
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19.26 If you are a participant, never dominate the discussion |
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|
247 | (2) |
| 20 Useful Phrases |
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249 | (26) |
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20.1 Part 1 Presentations And Posters |
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249 | (14) |
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20.1.1 Introductions and outline |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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20.1.3 Emphasizing, qualifying, giving examples |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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20.1.5 Making reference to parts of the presentation |
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256 | (1) |
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20.1.6 Discussing results, conclusions, future work |
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|
257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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20.1.8 Questions and answers |
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258 | (2) |
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20.1.9 Things that can go wrong |
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|
260 | (2) |
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20.1.10 What to say during a poster session |
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|
262 | (1) |
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263 | (12) |
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263 | (1) |
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20.2.2 Meeting people who you have met before |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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20.2.4 Arranging meetings |
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|
266 | (1) |
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20.2.5 At an informal one-to-one meeting |
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|
267 | (1) |
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20.2.6 At the bar, restaurant and social dinners |
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|
268 | (4) |
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|
272 | (3) |
| Acknowledgements |
|
275 | (2) |
| Sources |
|
277 | (6) |
| Index |
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283 | |
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