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Environmental Science, Technology, and Chemistry |
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1 | (26) |
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What is Environmental Science? |
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1 | (2) |
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Environmental Chemistry and Environmental Biochemistry |
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3 | (2) |
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Water, Air, Earth, Life, and Technology |
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5 | (2) |
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Ecology and the Biosphere |
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7 | (2) |
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Energy and Cycles of Energy |
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9 | (2) |
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Matter and Cycles of Matter |
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11 | (9) |
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Human Impact and Pollution |
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20 | (1) |
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Technology: The Problems It Poses and the Solutions It Offers |
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21 | (6) |
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The Anthrosphere, Industrial Ecosystems, and Environmental Chemistry |
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27 | (28) |
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27 | (1) |
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Technology and the Anthrosphere |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (4) |
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Effects of the Anthrosphere on Earth |
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41 | (1) |
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Integration of the Anthrosphere into the Total Environment |
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41 | (2) |
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The Anthrosphere and Industrial Ecology |
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43 | (5) |
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48 | (7) |
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Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry |
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55 | (44) |
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Water Quality and Quantity |
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55 | (4) |
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The Properties of Water, a Unique Substance |
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59 | (2) |
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The Characteristics of Bodies of Water |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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Introduction to Aquatic Chemistry |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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Water Acidity and Carbon Dioxide in Water |
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66 | (4) |
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70 | (4) |
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Calcium and Other Metals in Water |
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74 | (3) |
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Complexation and Chelation |
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77 | (3) |
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Bonding and Structure of Metal Complexes |
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80 | (1) |
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Calculations of Species Concentrations |
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80 | (1) |
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Complexation by Deprotonated Ligands |
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81 | (2) |
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Complexation by Protonated Ligands |
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83 | (1) |
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Solubilization of Lead Ion from Solids by NTA |
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84 | (5) |
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89 | (2) |
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Complexation by Humic Substances |
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91 | (2) |
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Complexation and Redox Processes |
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93 | (6) |
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99 | (22) |
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The Significance of Oxidation-Reduction Phenomena |
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99 | (2) |
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The Electron and Redox Reactions |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (1) |
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Reaction Tendency: Whole Reaction from Half-Reactions |
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106 | (1) |
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The Nernst Equation and Chemical Equilibrium |
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107 | (1) |
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Reactions in Terms of One Electron-Mole |
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108 | (2) |
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The Limits of pE in Water |
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110 | (2) |
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pE Values in Natural Water Systems |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (4) |
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117 | (4) |
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121 | (26) |
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Chemical Interactions Involving Solids, Gases, and Water |
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121 | (1) |
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Importance and Formation of Sediments |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (3) |
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Colloidal Particles in Water |
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127 | (4) |
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The Colloidal Properties of Clays |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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Surface Sorption by Solids |
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134 | (2) |
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Ion Exchange with Bottom Sediments |
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136 | (5) |
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Sorption of Gases---Gases in Interstitial Water |
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141 | (6) |
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Aquatic Microbial Biochemistry |
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147 | (40) |
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Aquatic Biochemical Processes |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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The Prokaryotic Bacterial Cell |
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154 | (1) |
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Kinetics of Bacterial Growth |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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Microbial Transformations of Carbon |
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159 | (4) |
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Biodegradation of Organic Matter |
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163 | (5) |
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Microbial Transformations of Nitrogen |
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168 | (5) |
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Microbial Transformations of Phosphorus and Sulfur |
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173 | (3) |
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Microbial Transformations of Halogens and Organohalides |
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176 | (1) |
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Microbial Transformations of Metals and Metalloids |
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177 | (3) |
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180 | (7) |
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187 | (42) |
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Nature and Types of Water Pollutants |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (1) |
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Organically Bound Metals and Metalloids |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (2) |
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Algal Nutrients and Eutrophication |
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198 | (1) |
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Acidity, Alkalinity, and Salinity |
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199 | (2) |
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Oxygen, Oxidants, and Reductants |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (6) |
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208 | (8) |
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls |
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216 | (3) |
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Radionuclides in the Aquatic Environment |
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219 | (10) |
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229 | (36) |
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Water Treatment and Water Use |
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229 | (1) |
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Municipal Water Treatment |
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229 | (1) |
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Treatment of Water for Industrial Use |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (6) |
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Industrial Wastewater Treatment |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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Removal of Calcium and Other Metals |
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240 | (5) |
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Removal of Dissolved Organics |
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245 | (2) |
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Removal of Dissolved Inorganics |
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247 | (6) |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (2) |
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Natural Water Purification Processes |
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257 | (2) |
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Water Reuse and Recycling |
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259 | (6) |
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The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry |
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265 | (42) |
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The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry |
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265 | (2) |
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Importance of the Atmosphere |
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267 | (1) |
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Physical Characteristics of the Atmosphere |
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268 | (3) |
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere |
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271 | (5) |
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Atmospheric Mass Transfer, Meteorology, and Weather |
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276 | (5) |
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Inversions and Air Pollution |
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281 | (2) |
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Global Climate and Microclimate |
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283 | (11) |
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Acid-Base Reactions in the Atmosphere |
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294 | (1) |
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Reactions of Atmospheric Oxygen |
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295 | (4) |
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Reactions of Atmospheric Nitrogen |
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299 | (1) |
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Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (5) |
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Particles in the Atmosphere |
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307 | (22) |
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Particles in the Atmosphere |
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307 | (2) |
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Physical Behavior of Particles in the Atmosphere |
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309 | (2) |
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Physical Processes for Particle Formation |
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311 | (1) |
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Chemical Processes for Particle Formation |
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311 | (3) |
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The Composition of Inorganic Particles |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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The Composition of Organic Particles |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Water as Particulate Matter |
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321 | (1) |
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Control of Particulate Emissions |
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322 | (7) |
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Gaseous Inorganic Air Pollutants |
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329 | (24) |
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Inorganic Pollutant Gases |
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329 | (1) |
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Production and Control of Carbon Monoxide |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Sulfur Dioxide Sources and the Sulfur Cycle |
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331 | (1) |
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Sulfur Dioxide Reactions in the Atmosphere |
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332 | (6) |
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Nitrogen Oxides in the Atmosphere |
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338 | (7) |
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345 | (1) |
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Ammonia in the Atmosphere |
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346 | (1) |
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Fluorine, Chlorine, and Their Gaseous Compounds |
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346 | (2) |
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Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Carbon Disulfide |
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348 | (5) |
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353 | (26) |
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Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere |
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353 | (1) |
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Organic Compounds from Natural Sources |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | |
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111 | (251) |
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362 | (2) |
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Miscellaneous Oxygen-Containing Compounds |
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364 | (3) |
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367 | (5) |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (5) |
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379 | (26) |
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379 | (1) |
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Smog-Forming Automotive Emissions |
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380 | (4) |
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Smog-Forming Reactions of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere |
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384 | (3) |
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Overview of Smog Formation |
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387 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Smog Formation |
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388 | (8) |
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Reactivity of Hydrocarbons |
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396 | (1) |
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Inorganic Products from Smog |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (7) |
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The Endangered Global Atmosphere |
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405 | (26) |
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Anthropogenic Change in the Atmosphere |
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405 | (2) |
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Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming |
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407 | (6) |
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413 | (4) |
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417 | (3) |
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420 | (3) |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (6) |
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The Geosphere and Geochemistry |
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431 | (42) |
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431 | (1) |
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The Nature of Solids in the Geosphere |
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432 | (5) |
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Physical Form of the Geosphere |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (3) |
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Groundwater in the Geosphere |
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448 | (2) |
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Environmental Aspects of the Geosphere |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Stream and River Phenomena |
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456 | (3) |
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Phenomena at the Land/Ocean Interface |
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459 | (1) |
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Phenomena at the Land/Atmosphere Interface |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (1) |
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Effects of Human Activities |
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462 | (3) |
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Water Pollution and the Geosphere |
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465 | (1) |
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Waste Disposal and the Geosphere |
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466 | (7) |
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Soil Environmental Chemistry |
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473 | (36) |
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473 | (3) |
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Nature and Composition of Soil |
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476 | (8) |
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Acid-Base and Ion Exchange Reactions in Soils |
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484 | (2) |
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486 | (1) |
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Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Soil |
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487 | (4) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (2) |
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Wastes and Pollutants in Soil |
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494 | (3) |
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Soil Loss and Degradation |
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497 | (3) |
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Genetic Engineering and Agriculture |
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500 | (1) |
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501 | (8) |
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Principles of Industrial Ecology |
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509 | (36) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (2) |
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The Five Major Components of an Industrial Ecosystem |
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512 | (3) |
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515 | (3) |
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Levels of Materials Utilization |
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518 | (1) |
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Links to Other Environmental Spheres |
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519 | (2) |
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Consideration of Environmental Impacts in Industrial Ecology |
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521 | (2) |
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Three Key Attributes: Energy, Materials, Diversity |
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523 | (5) |
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Life Cycles: Expanding and Closing the Materials Loop |
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528 | (3) |
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531 | (1) |
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Consumable, Recyclable, and Service (Durable) Products |
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532 | (2) |
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534 | (3) |
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Overview of an Integrated Industrial Ecosystem |
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537 | (2) |
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539 | (1) |
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Societal Factors and the Environmental Ethic |
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540 | (5) |
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Industrial Ecology, Resources, and Energy |
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545 | (46) |
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545 | (1) |
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Minerals in the Geosphere |
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546 | (1) |
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547 | (2) |
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549 | (1) |
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Metal Resources and Industrial Ecology |
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549 | (9) |
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Nonmetal Mineral Resources |
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558 | (1) |
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559 | (2) |
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561 | (1) |
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Wood---A Major Renewable Resource |
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562 | (1) |
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563 | (1) |
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564 | (1) |
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565 | (1) |
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Energy Conversion Processes |
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566 | (1) |
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Petroleum and Natural Gas |
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567 | (3) |
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What is Environmental Science? |
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570 | (4) |
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574 | (2) |
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576 | (2) |
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578 | (1) |
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The Sun: An Ideal Energy Source |
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578 | (1) |
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578 | (4) |
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582 | (1) |
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Extending Resources through the Practice of Industrial Ecology |
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582 | (9) |
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Nature, Sources, and Environmental Chemistry of Hazardous Wastes |
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591 | (36) |
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591 | (2) |
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Classification of Hazardous Substances and Wastes? |
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593 | (2) |
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595 | (3) |
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Flammable and Combustible Substances |
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598 | (3) |
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601 | (2) |
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603 | (2) |
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605 | (1) |
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Physical Forms and Segregation of Wastes |
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605 | (1) |
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Environmental Chemistry of Hazardous Wastes |
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606 | (1) |
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Hazardous Wastes |
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607 | (1) |
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Transport, Effects, and Fates of Hazardous Wastes |
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608 | (2) |
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Hazardous Wastes and the Anthrosphere |
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610 | (1) |
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Hazardous Wastes in the Geosphere |
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611 | (3) |
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Hazardous Wastes in the Hydrosphere |
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614 | (3) |
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Hazardous Wastes in the Atmosphere |
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617 | (2) |
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Hazardous Wastes in the Biosphere |
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619 | (8) |
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Industrial Ecology for Waste Minimization, Utilization, and Treatment |
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627 | (42) |
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627 | (1) |
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Waste Reduction and Minimization |
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628 | (3) |
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631 | (4) |
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Physical Methods of Waste Treatment |
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635 | (4) |
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Chemical Treatment: An Overview |
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639 | (6) |
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645 | (1) |
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Thermal Treatment Methods |
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646 | (4) |
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650 | (2) |
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Land Treatment and Composting |
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652 | (1) |
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Preparation of Wastes for Disposal |
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653 | (3) |
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Ultimate Disposal of Wastes |
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656 | (3) |
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Leachate and Gas Emissions |
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659 | (1) |
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660 | (9) |
|
Environmental Biochemistry |
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669 | (26) |
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669 | (1) |
|
Biochemistry and the Cell |
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670 | (2) |
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672 | (4) |
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676 | (2) |
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678 | (2) |
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680 | (4) |
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684 | (4) |
|
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering |
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|
688 | (1) |
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|
688 | (1) |
|
Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds |
|
|
689 | (6) |
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|
695 | (26) |
|
Introduction to Toxicology and Toxicological Chemistry |
|
|
695 | (3) |
|
Dose-Response Relationships |
|
|
698 | (1) |
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|
698 | (1) |
|
Reversibility and Sensitivity |
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|
699 | (2) |
|
Xenobiotic and Endogenous Substances |
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701 | (1) |
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702 | (2) |
|
Kinetic Phase and Dynamic Phase |
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704 | (3) |
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Teratogenesis, Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Effects on the Immune and Reproductive Systems |
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707 | (6) |
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|
713 | (8) |
|
Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances |
|
|
721 | (32) |
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|
721 | (2) |
|
Toxic Elements and Elemental Forms |
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|
723 | (1) |
|
Toxic Inorganic Compounds |
|
|
724 | (6) |
|
Toxicology of Organic Compounds |
|
|
730 | (23) |
|
Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater |
|
|
753 | (24) |
|
General Aspects of Environmental Chemical Analysis |
|
|
753 | (1) |
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|
754 | (2) |
|
Spectrophotometric Methods |
|
|
756 | (3) |
|
Electrochemical Methods of Analysis |
|
|
759 | (2) |
|
|
|
761 | (3) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Water Samples |
|
|
764 | (6) |
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|
|
770 | (7) |
|
Analysis of Wastes and Solids |
|
|
777 | (12) |
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|
|
777 | (1) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
Analyte Isolation for Organics Analysis |
|
|
779 | (3) |
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|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Immunoassay Screening of Wastes |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
Determination of Chelating Agents |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedures |
|
|
784 | (5) |
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|
|
789 | (20) |
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|
|
789 | (1) |
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|
|
790 | (1) |
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|
|
791 | (2) |
|
Determination of Sulfur Dioxide |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Carbon Monoxide |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Determination of Hydrocarbons and Organics |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Particulate Matter |
|
|
798 | (5) |
|
Direct Spectrophotometric Analysis of Gaseous Air Pollutants |
|
|
803 | (6) |
|
Analysis of Biological Materials and Xenobiotics |
|
|
809 | (66) |
|
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
Indicators of Exposure to Xenobiotics |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
Determination of Nonmetals and Inorganic Compounds |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Determination of Parent Organic Compounds |
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
Measurement of Phase 1 and Phase 2 Reaction Products |
|
|
813 | (5) |
|
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
The Promise of Immunological Methods |
|
|
818 | (57) |
| Index |
|
875 | |
