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Environmental Impacts of Mining Activities: Emphasis on Mitigation and Remedial Measures Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1999 [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 300 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 498 g, XX, 300 p., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Sērija : Environmental Science and Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Sep-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642641695
  • ISBN-13: 9783642641695
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Environmental Impacts of Mining Activities: Emphasis on Mitigation and Remedial Measures Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1999Palielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 300 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 498 g, XX, 300 p., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Sērija : Environmental Science and Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Sep-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642641695
  • ISBN-13: 9783642641695
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783642641695.html
Keywords:
Since the mining industry is still expanding, comprehensive information on the effects of mining activities on the environment is needed. This book provides information on biological and physico-chemical treatments of mining effluents, on factors affecting human health and on environmental effects that have to be taken into account by the mining industry when aiming for sustainable development of their industry. Further regulatory guidelines and legislation relevant to the decommissioning of mining sites are reviewed. Mining industry, consulting companies, and governmental agencies alike will find a wealth of valuable information in this book.

Papildus informācija

Springer Book Archives
Acknowledgments xv
Contributors xvii
1 Introduction
1(4)
Section A Evaluation of Effects of Mining in the Environment
5(96)
2 Do Australian Mining Companies Pay Too Much? Reflections on the Burden of Meeting Environmental Standards in the Late Twentieth Century
7(12)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Importance of Mining to the Australian Economy
8(1)
2.3 Mining and the Environment in Australia
9(1)
2.4 Economics of Environmental Protection in Mining
10(3)
2.5 State and Territory Environmental Regulations and Guidelines
13(1)
2.6 Estimated Spending on the Environment by Mining Companies
14(2)
2.7 Conclusions
16(3)
References
17(2)
3 Characterization of Mine Wastes for Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage
19(22)
3.1 Introduction
19(1)
3.2 Factors Controlling Acid Mine Drainage
20(2)
3.3 Prediction
22(1)
3.4 Acid Producing and Neutralization Potentials
23(4)
3.4.1 Acid Producing Reactions
23(1)
3.4.2 Neutralization Capacity and Reactions
23(2)
3.4.3 Assessment of Acid Generation and Neutralization Potentials
25(2)
3.5 Assessment of Kinetic Factors
27(9)
3.5.1 Dissolution Rates and Mechanisms
27(3)
3.5.2 Effect of Particle Size, Shape and Roughness on Dissolution
30(1)
3.5.3 Assessment of Kinetics of Acid Production and Neutralization
31(5)
3.5.4 Uncertainties in Extrapolation of Laboratory Kinetics to Field Conditions
36(1)
3.6 Concluding Remarks
36(5)
Acknowledgments
38(1)
References
38(3)
4 Biomonitoring Environmental Contamination with Metallic and Methylmercury in Amazon Gold Mining Areas, Brazil
41(14)
4.1 Introduction
41(3)
4.1.1 Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Mercury
42(1)
4.1.2 Biomonitoring Aquatic Systems
43(1)
4.2 Materials and Methods
44(1)
4.2.1 Atmospheric Biomonitoring
44(1)
4.2.2 Aquatic Biomonitoring
45(1)
4.2.3 Mercury Analysis in Plants and Fish
45(1)
4.3 Results and Discussion
45(7)
4.3.1 Atmospheric Biomonitoring
45(4)
4.3.2 Biomonitoring Mercury in Water Systems: Mercury in Fish
49(3)
4.4 Conclusions
52(3)
References
53(2)
5 Sodium Cyanide Hazards to Fish and Other Wildlife from Gold Mining Operations
55(14)
5.1 Introduction
55(1)
5.2 Background
55(2)
5.3 Effects
57(7)
5.3.1 Aquatic Ecosystems
57(4)
5.3.2 Birds
61(1)
5.3.3 Mammals
62(2)
5.4 Proposed Mitigation
64(5)
Acknowledgments
65(1)
References
65(4)
6 A Three-dimensional Finite Element Model to Predict Airflow and Pit Retention for an Open-Pit Mine
69(14)
6.1 Introduction
69(3)
6.1.1 Approaches Used to Study Air Pollution Issues in Open-Pit Mines
69(2)
6.1.2 Surface Mine Escape Fractions Models
71(1)
6.2 Overview of the Open-Pit Finite Element Model
72(1)
6.3 Theoretical Analysis
72(3)
6.3.1 Atmospheric Turbulence Modeling
72(2)
6.3.2 Particle Dispersion in Turbulent Flow
74(1)
6.4 Model Development
75(2)
6.5 Validation and Comparison
77(1)
6.5.1 Numerical Tests and Validation
77(1)
6.5.2 Idealized Versus Actual Geometries for Open-Pit Mines
78(1)
6.6 Sensitivity Studies and Results
78(3)
6.7 Concluding Remarks
81(2)
References
81(2)
7 Mine Health and Safety: Industry's March Towards Continuous Improvement - The United States Experience
83(18)
7.1 Introduction
83(1)
7.2 Health and Safety Impacts of Mining Activities
84(5)
7.2.1 Underground Mining
84(4)
7.2.2 Surface Mining
88(1)
7.3 Historical Fatality, Injury, and Illness Experiences
89(7)
7.4 Methods of Mitigation and Remediation
96(2)
7.4.1 Dusts, Gases, and Fumes
96(1)
7.4.2 Roof, Floor, Ribs, and Slopes
97(1)
7.4.3 Heat
97(1)
7.4.4 Workplace Activities
98(1)
7.4.5 Work Shift Design
98(1)
7.4.6 Emergency Preparedness and Response
98(1)
7.5 Conclusions
98(3)
References
99(2)
Section B Treatment Methods for Mine Effluents and Rehabilitation of Mine Tailings and Overburden Materials
101(100)
8 Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage with Constructed Wetlands
103(20)
8.1 Why Constructed Wetlands Are Used to Treat Coal Mine Drainage
103(2)
8.2 Natural Treatment Processes Occurring in Constructed Wetlands
105(3)
8.2.1 Neutralization of Acidity with Bicarbonate
105(1)
8.2.2 Oxidation of Metal Cations
106(1)
8.2.3 Hydrolysis of Metal Cations
106(1)
8.2.4 Reduction of Metal Cations
107(1)
8.2.5 Uptake of Metals by Plants
107(1)
8.2.6 Transport Processes in Constructed Wetlands
108(1)
8.3 Design Considerations
108(8)
8.3.1 Alkalinity or Acidity of Mine Discharge
108(1)
8.3.2 Removal of Metals from Alkaline Discharge
109(2)
8.3.3 Imparting Alkalinity to Acid Discharge
111(1)
8.3.4 Aerobic Limestone Channels
111(1)
8.3.5 Anoxic Limestone Drains (ALD)
111(1)
8.3.6 Horizontal Flow Wetlands
112(1)
8.3.7 Vertical Flow Wetlands
112(2)
8.3.8 Substrate Design
114(1)
8.3.9 Sequential Passive Treatment Systems
114(1)
8.3.10 Inlet and Outlet Structures
114(1)
8.3.11 Plants
115(1)
8.3.12 Stability
115(1)
8.3.13 Liners
115(1)
8.3.14 Animal Damage
116(1)
8.3.15 Sizing of Wetlands
116(1)
8.4 Monitoring and Regulatory Considerations: Case Studies
116(4)
8.4.1 Selected Case Studies
117(3)
8.5 Summary
120(3)
References
120(3)
9 Underwater Placement of Mine Tailings: Case Examples and Principles
123(20)
9.1 Introduction
123(4)
9.1.1 The Canadian Mine Environment Neutral Drainage (MEND) Program
123(1)
9.1.2 Range of Environmental Impacts and Biodiversity Recovery from Tailings Placement
123(2)
9.1.3 Reviewing and Updating Tailings Placement Regulations
125(1)
9.1.4 Organization of this
Chapter
126(1)
9.2 Case Histories
127(10)
9.2.1 Lake Case Histories
127(2)
9.2.2 Marine Case Histories
129(8)
9.3 Screening Criteria for Submarine Tailings Placement (STP)
137(1)
9.4 Conclusions
137(2)
9.5 Recommendations
139(4)
Acknowledgments
140(1)
References
140(3)
10 Reduction of Mercury Emissions from Gold Mining Activities and Remedial Procedures for Polluted Sites
143(20)
10.1 Introduction
143(1)
10.2 Attempts to Control Mercury Use
144(2)
10.3 Proposed Solutions
146(13)
10.3.1 Alternative Processes
146(2)
10.3.2 Site Remediation Requirements and Monitoring Programs
148(2)
10.3.3 Highly Polluted Sites ("Hot Spots")
150(3)
10.3.4 Mercury Dispersed on Sediments
153(2)
10.3.5 Reduction of Mercury Emissions
155(4)
10.4 Conclusions
159(4)
References
160(3)
11 Wastewater Renovation with Mine-Derived Fill Materials
163(16)
11.1 Introduction
163(3)
11.1.1 Wastewater Application on Mine-Derived Fill Materials
163(1)
11.1.2 Mound Systems and Fill Material
164(1)
11.1.3 The Appalachian Mining Region
165(1)
11.2 Pollution Concerns
166(2)
11.2.1 Biological Contaminants
166(1)
11.2.2 Nitrogen and Phosphorus
167(1)
11.3 Fill Material Column Study
168(2)
11.3.1 Removal of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Coliform
168(2)
11.3.2 Conclusions
170(1)
11.4 Mine Soil-Fill Field Study
170(9)
11.4.1 Low Pressure Distribution (LPD) Systems
170(1)
11.4.2 Vegetated Subsurface Bed (VSB) Constructed Wetland and Spray Irrigation
171(1)
11.4.3 Results from LPD Mine Soil-Fill System
172(2)
11.4.4 Results from VSB Wetland and Spray Irrigation
174(2)
11.4.5 Conclusions from Field Study
176(1)
References
177(2)
12 Environmental Effects of the Deposition and Re-use of Colliery Spoils
179(22)
12.1 Origin and Nature of Colliery Spoils
179(2)
12.2 Composition
181(3)
12.2.1 Petrographic and Mineralogical Composition
181(1)
12.2.2 Chemical Composition
182(2)
12.3 General Geotechnical Characteristics
184(4)
12.3.1 Introduction
184(1)
12.3.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties
185(3)
12.4 Application of Colliery Spoils
188(2)
12.4.1 Deposition
188(1)
12.4.2 Use in Civil Engineering Structures
188(2)
12.5 Environmental Impacts of Colliery Spoil in Dumps and Structures: Strategies for Mitigation
190(8)
12.5.1 Risk of Spontaneous Combustion
190(2)
12.5.2 Influence on Surface and Groundwaters
192(5)
12.5.3 Risk of Nuclear Radiation
197(1)
12.6 General Remarks
198(3)
References
199(2)
Section C Study Cases
201(96)
13 The Swedish Acid Mine Drainage Experience: Research, Development, and Practice
203(26)
13.1 Introduction
203(2)
13.1.1 Research and Development
203(2)
13.2 Major Reclamation Projects
205(3)
13.2.1 Ranstad Uranium Mine
205(1)
13.2.2 Stekenjokk Base Metal Mine
205(1)
13.2.3 Galgberget, Falun Mine
205(2)
13.2.4 Kristineberg Mine
207(1)
13.3 Bersbo Pilot Project
208(7)
13.3.1 General Considerations
208(2)
13.3.2 Capping Measures
210(2)
13.3.3 Discussion and Conclusions
212(3)
13.4 Reclamation Project at Saxberget Mine
215(4)
13.4.1 General Considerations
215(1)
13.4.2 Reclamation of Tailings Ponds
216(1)
13.4.3 Monitoring Program and Results
217(1)
13.4.4 Conclusions
218(1)
13.5 Design of Decommissioning Plans at Boliden Mineral Aitik Mine
219(4)
13.5.1 Site Description and Project Outline
219(2)
13.5.2 Results and Discussion
221(2)
13.5.3 Conclusions
223(1)
13.6 Decommissioning of Tailings and Waste Rock Areas at Stekenjokk
223(6)
13.6.1 Site Description and Objectives
223(1)
13.6.2 Studies of Alternatives
224(2)
13.6.3 Implementation of Flooding
226(1)
References
227(2)
14 Mining in the Arctic Mitigation and Remedial Measures
229(16)
14.1 Introduction
229(2)
14.2 General Problems of Reclamation of Surface Mined Land in the Arctic
231(2)
14.3 Reclamation Approach: Stabilization of Spoil
233(3)
14.4 Revegetation
236(6)
14.5 Conclusions
242(3)
References
243(2)
15 Pollution from Mining in Greenland: Monitoring and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts
245(18)
15.1 Introduction
245(1)
15.2 The Cryolite Mine at Ivittuut
245(5)
15.2.1 Mining Operations and Pollution Sources
245(3)
15.2.2 Environmental Impact and Mitigative Measures
248(2)
15.3 The Lead-Zinc Mine at Mestersvig
250(4)
15.3.1 Mining Operations and Pollution Sources
250(1)
15.3.2 Environmental Impact and Mitigative Measures
251(3)
15.4 The Lead-Zinc Mine at Maarmorilik
254(7)
15.4.1 The Mining Operation and Pollution Sources
254(2)
15.4.2 Environmental Impact and Mitigative Measures
256(5)
15.5 Conclusions
261(2)
References
262(1)
16 Strategies for Remediation of Former Opencast Mining Areas in Eastern Germany
263(34)
16.1 Introduction
263(5)
16.1.1 Geological Background of Lignite Formation in Eastern Germany
263(1)
16.1.2 Lignite Production as Feedstock of Industrialization of Eastern Germany
264(3)
16.1.3 Situation After German Reunification in 1989
267(1)
16.2 Remediation of Acid Lakes from Former Opencast Mines
268(9)
16.2.1 Description of the Problem
268(2)
16.2.2 Remediation Strategies
270(4)
16.2.3 Laboratory Experiments and Initial Results
274(2)
16.2.4 Conclusions Regarding Management of Acid Lakes
276(1)
16.3 A Recreational Lake near a Mixed Waste Deposit (Lake Hufeisensee)
277(8)
16.3.1 Description of the Problem
277(3)
16.3.2 Remediation Strategy
280(1)
16.3.3 Experimental Results and Discussion
280(5)
16.3.4 Conclusions for Site Management and Fate
285(1)
16.4 Pyrolysis Waste Water Deposit in a Former Lignite Opencast Mine (Lake Schwelvollert)
285(8)
16.4.1 Description of the Problem
285(3)
16.4.2 Remediation Strategy
288(2)
16.4.3 Experimental Results and Discussion
290(3)
16.4.4 Conclusions
293(1)
16.5 Concluding Remarks
293(4)
References
294(3)
Index 297