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Epidural Labor Analgesia: Childbirth Without Pain 2015 ed. [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 332 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 6506 g, 16 Illustrations, color; 10 Illustrations, black and white; XIX, 332 p. 26 illus., 16 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Mar-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319138898
  • ISBN-13: 9783319138893
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Epidural Labor Analgesia: Childbirth Without Pain 2015 ed.Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 332 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 6506 g, 16 Illustrations, color; 10 Illustrations, black and white; XIX, 332 p. 26 illus., 16 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Mar-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319138898
  • ISBN-13: 9783319138893
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783319138893.html
Keywords:
This book offers an in-depth examination of labor pain and analgesia with the aim of promoting natural childbirth without pain. All aspects of the subject are covered, including the latest techniques of delivering labor analgesia. Importantly, emphasis is placed on a holistic approach, detailed attention being paid to the humanization of childbirth and behavioral aspects in addition to evidence-based medicine. Potential future developments are also addressed, with discussion of opportunities that have yet to be realized. In order to ensure that the text is easily readable for trainees as well as established practitioners, chapters have been restricted to a manageable length and information is presented clearly and succinctly. Step-by-step tutorials and boxes highlighting practical points are used to clarify technical aspects. The authors include both well-established experts and young emerging professionals from various European countries, ensuring an intercultural perspective.
1 Physiology of Labor
1(10)
Natalie Grant
Helena Strevens
Jim Thornton
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Onset of Labor
1(1)
1.3 Term, Preterm, and Postterm Labor
2(1)
1.4 The Mechanics of Labor
2(2)
1.4.1 Normal
2(1)
1.4.2 Abnormal Mechanics
3(1)
1.5 The First Stage of Labor
4(1)
1.5.1 Uterine Activity in Labor
4(1)
1.6 Second Stage of Labor
5(1)
1.7 Third Stage of Labor
5(1)
1.8 Retained Placenta
6(1)
1.9 Pain in Labor
6(1)
1.10 Physiological Changes in Labor
6(1)
1.10.1 Cardiovascular System
6(1)
1.10.2 Respiratory System
6(1)
1.10.3 Gastrointestinal System
7(1)
1.10.4 Neurological System
7(1)
1.10.5 Urological System
7(1)
1.11 Fetal Health in Labor
7(2)
1.11.1 Signs of Fetal Compromise
7(1)
1.11.2 Slow Progress in Labor
8(1)
1.11.3 Amniotomy
8(1)
1.11.4 Acceleration with Oxytocin
9(1)
1.11.5 Psychological Support in Labor
9(1)
1.12 Summary
9(2)
References
9(2)
2 Anatomo-physiological Changes During Labor and After Delivery
11(10)
Raffaella Parpaglioni
2.1 Anatomo-physiological Cardiovascular System Changes During Labor and Delivery
11(2)
2.2 Anatomo-physiologic Pulmonary Changes During Labor and Delivery
13(1)
2.3 Neurologic Changes During Labor and Delivery
13(1)
2.4 Maternal Endocrine Stress Response During Labor and Delivery
14(1)
2.5 Hematologic Changes During Labor and Delivery
15(1)
2.6 Anatomo-physiological Changes to Be Considered in Performing General Anesthesia in Laboring Women
16(5)
References
18(3)
3 Labor Pain
21(18)
York-Mui Liu
Roshan Fernando
Wint Yu Mon
3.1 Introduction
21(1)
3.2 Pain Pathways
21(3)
3.3 Innervation of the Uterus and Cervix During Pregnancy and Labor
24(1)
3.4 Neuroendocrine Aspects of Labor Pain
25(1)
3.5 Topography of Pain During Different Stages of Labor
26(1)
3.6 Labor Pain Evaluation
27(2)
3.7 Cognitive and Functional Aspects of Labor Pain
29(4)
3.8 Physical Factors Affecting Pain Perception
33(1)
3.9 Conclusion
34(5)
References
34(5)
4 Sociology of Labor Pain
39(10)
Jose M. Garcia-de-Diego
Lourdes Biedma-Velazquez
Rafael Serrano-del-Rosal
4.1 The Meaning of Labor Pain in Western Culture
39(1)
4.2 "Ideal" Maternity Models
40(3)
4.2.1 The Traditional Woman/Mother
41(1)
4.2.2 The Modern Woman/Mother
41(1)
4.2.3 The Postmodern Woman
42(1)
4.3 Labor Pain Perception and Social Value of Labor Pain Relief
43(2)
4.4 Maternities and Epidural Anesthesia
45(1)
4.5 Conclusions
45(4)
References
46(3)
5 History of Labor Pain Relief
49(14)
Javier Moscoso
5.1 Medicalization of Labor
49(1)
5.2 Labor Pain
50(4)
5.3 Chemical Analgesia
54(2)
5.4 The Twentieth Century
56(7)
References
59(4)
6 Maternal Expectations, Information, and Satisfaction with Labor Analgesia
63(10)
Silvia Stirparo
6.1 Introduction
63(3)
6.1.1 Expectations
64(2)
6.2 Information
66(2)
6.2.1 Satisfaction
67(1)
6.3 Conclusions
68(5)
References
69(4)
7 Initiation of Labor Analgesia: Epidural, CSE
73(16)
Gary M. Stocks
Sarah K. Griffiths
7.1 Introduction
73(1)
7.2 Indications
73(2)
7.2.1 Maternal Request
73(1)
7.2.2 Medical
74(1)
7.2.3 Obstetric
75(1)
7.3 Denying Regional Analgesia and Assessment of Risk
75(1)
7.4 Initiation of Epidural Analgesia
76(4)
7.4.1 Technical
77(3)
7.5 Initiation with CSE
80(3)
7.5.1 Indications for CSE in Labor
81(1)
7.5.2 Techniques for Initiation of CSE Analgesia
81(1)
7.5.3 Considerations Relating to the CSE Technique
82(1)
7.5.4 Intrathecal Drug Recipes
82(1)
7.6 Low-Dose Epidural or CSE for Initiation of Labor Analgesia?
83(2)
7.6.1 Onset and Quality of Analgesia
83(1)
7.6.2 Epidural Catheter Reliability
83(1)
7.6.3 Pruritus
84(1)
7.6.4 Infection and Neurotrauma
84(1)
7.6.5 Post Dural Puncture Headache
84(1)
7.6.6 Fetal Heart Rate Changes
84(1)
7.7 Conclusion
85(4)
References
85(4)
8 Maintenance of Labor Analgesia
89(14)
Giorgio Capogna
8.1 Introduction
89(1)
8.2 Intermittent Epidural Bolus (Top-Up)
90(1)
8.3 Continuous Epidural Infusion
91(1)
8.4 Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia
92(1)
8.5 PCEA Plus Basal Infusion
92(1)
8.6 PCEA Plus Automated Intermittent Bolus
93(1)
8.7 Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses with PCEA
93(1)
8.8 Mechanism of Action of Intermittent Administration
94(4)
8.9 Computer-Integrated Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia
98(1)
8.10 New Maintenance Techniques and Maternal Satisfaction
98(1)
8.11 Conclusion
99(4)
References
99(4)
9 The Second and Third Stage of Labor
103(18)
Michela Camorcia
9.1 Second Stage of Labor
103(7)
9.1.1 Definition and Duration
103(1)
9.1.2 Position for Labor and Birth
104(1)
9.1.3 Pushing Modality and Timing
104(2)
9.1.4 Initiation of Active Pushing
106(1)
9.1.5 Analgesia for the Second Stage of Labor: Pain Pathways
107(1)
9.1.6 Analgesia for the Second Stage
107(1)
9.1.7 Maintaining Epidural Analgesia During the II Stage
108(1)
9.1.8 De Novo II Stage Analgesia
109(1)
9.2 Analgesia for Delivery (Perineal Analgesia)
110(1)
9.3 Third Stage of Labor
110(3)
9.3.1 Definition and Management
110(2)
9.3.2 Pain Pathways During the Third Stage
112(1)
9.3.3 Analgesia for the Third Stage
113(1)
9.4 Episiotomy
113(8)
9.4.1 Pain Pathways
114(1)
9.4.2 Analgesia for Episiotomy
115(1)
References
115(6)
10 Fetal Monitoring During Neuraxial Labor Analgesia
121(18)
Marie-Pierre Bonnet
Diane Korb
Alexandre Mignon
10.1 Introduction
121(1)
10.2 Systemic and Fetal Consequences of Neuraxial Analgesia
122(1)
10.3 Uterine Blood Flow and Fetal Heart Rate During Labor
122(3)
10.4 Fetal Monitoring During Labor
125(4)
10.5 International Guidelines for Maternal and Fetal Monitoring During Neuraxial Analgesia
129(2)
10.6 Prevention of FHR Abnormalities Associated with Neuraxial Analgesia
131(1)
10.7 Management of FHR Abnormalities Associated with Neuraxial Analgesia
132(7)
References
135(4)
11 Nutrition and Fluid Balance During Labor; Maternal Optimization and Fetal Resuscitation
139(14)
Ruth Murphy
Stephen Michael Kinsella
11.1 Introduction
139(1)
11.2 Changes in Gastrointestinal Physiology During Pregnancy
139(2)
11.3 Fluid Balance and Osmolality During Pregnancy
141(1)
11.4 The Effects of Labor
141(2)
11.5 Policies: Oral Intake During Labor
143(1)
11.6 Maintenance Intravenous Fluid
143(2)
11.7 Effect of Regional Analgesia
145(1)
11.8 The Role of Preload Before Regional Analgesia: Maternal and Fetal Effects
146(1)
11.9 Intrauterine Resuscitation: Improving Fetal Condition
147(2)
11.10 Conclusions and Recommendations
149(4)
References
149(4)
12 Analgesia for Dystocia and Instrumental Vaginal Delivery
153(14)
Giorgio Capogna
Michela Camorcia
12.1 Dystocia
153(1)
12.2 Causes of Dystocia
154(1)
12.3 Complications Associated with Dystocia
155(1)
12.4 Dystocia and Pain
155(1)
12.5 Association Between Dystocia and Epidural Analgesia
156(2)
12.6 Instrumental Vaginal Delivery
158(2)
12.6.1 Indications and Classification
158(2)
12.6.2 Prerequisites and Contraindications for IVD
160(1)
12.7 Epidemiology and Criteria of Choice
160(1)
12.8 Complications
161(2)
12.8.1 Failure of Vacuum Extraction
162(1)
12.9 Analgesia for Instrumental Delivery
163(4)
References
164(3)
13 Analgesia for Induced Labor and for Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section
167(10)
Giorgio Capogna
13.1 Induction
167(1)
13.2 Cervical Ripening Agents
168(2)
13.2.1 Mechanical Agents
169(1)
13.2.2 Pharmacological Agents
169(1)
13.3 Labor-Inducing Procedures and Agents
170(1)
13.3.1 Amniotomy
170(1)
13.3.2 Oxytocin
170(1)
13.4 Pain Relief and Induction of Labor
171(1)
13.5 Conclusion
171(1)
13.6 Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section
171(1)
13.7 Pre-labor Counseling
172(1)
13.8 Management of Labor and Delivery
173(1)
13.9 Uterine Rupture
173(1)
13.10 Diagnosis
173(1)
13.11 Treatment
174(1)
13.12 Epidural and VBAC
174(1)
13.13 Conclusions
175(2)
References
175(2)
14 Extension of Epidural Block for Cesarean Section
177(12)
Vegard Dahl
Leiv Arne Rosseland
14.1 Introduction
177(2)
14.2 Definition of Urgency
179(1)
14.3 Extension from Analgesia to Anesthesia
179(5)
14.3.1 Speed of Onset
180(1)
14.3.2 Type of Local Anesthetics and Adjuvants
181(2)
14.3.3 Volume of Solution
183(1)
14.3.4 Inadequate Block
184(1)
14.4 Alternatives to Epidural Top-Up
184(1)
14.5 Conclusions
185(4)
References
186(3)
15 Postpartum Analgesia and Postpartum Chronic Pain
189(14)
Brenda Kantering
Marco Abraham Marcus
Nicole M.A. Engel
15.1 Definition and Causes of Postpartum Pain
189(1)
15.2 Short-Term and Long-Term Postpartum Pain
189(1)
15.3 Types of Pain Postpartum
190(6)
15.3.1 After Pain
190(1)
15.3.2 Perineal Pain
190(2)
15.3.3 Postdural Puncture Headache
192(2)
15.3.4 Musculoskeletal Pain
194(1)
15.3.5 Lower Back Pain
194(1)
15.3.6 Pelvic Floor Disorders and Pain
194(1)
15.3.7 Knee Pain
195(1)
15.4 Relationship Between Postpartum Pain, Postpartum Depression, and Maternal Breastfeeding
196(1)
15.5 Chronification of Acute Pain
197(1)
15.6 Chronic Pain Postpartum
197(1)
15.7 Conclusion
198(5)
References
199(4)
16 Effects on Neonate and Breastfeeding
203(18)
Marc Van de Velde
16.1 Introduction
203(1)
16.2 Importance of Breastfeeding
203(1)
16.3 Systemic Opioids
204(1)
16.4 Nitrous Oxide and Inhalational Analgesia
205(1)
16.5 Neuraxial Analgesia
206(10)
16.6 Conclusion
216(5)
References
216(5)
17 Neonatal Care in Labor and Delivery Room
221(16)
Daniela Perrotta
17.1 Physiology of Transition from Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life
221(1)
17.2 Endocrine Adaptations to Birth
221(2)
17.2.1 Cortisol
221(1)
17.2.2 Catecholamines
222(1)
17.2.3 Thyroid Hormones
222(1)
17.3 Metabolic Adaptations
223(1)
17.3.1 Energy Metabolism
223(1)
17.3.2 Thermoregulation
223(1)
17.4 Cardiovascular Adaptations
223(1)
17.5 Lung Adaptations
224(3)
17.5.1 Fetal Lung Fluid
224(1)
17.5.2 Breathing at Birth
225(1)
17.5.3 Surfactant and Lung Adaptation
225(1)
17.5.4 Injury of the Preterm Lung
226(1)
17.6 Neonatal Resuscitation
227(7)
17.6.1 Overview
227(2)
17.6.2 Anticipation of Resuscitation Need
229(1)
17.6.3 Apgar Score
229(1)
17.6.4 Umbilical Cord Clamping
230(1)
17.6.5 Initial Measures
230(4)
17.7 Post-Resuscitation Care
234(3)
17.7.1 Hypoglycemia
234(1)
17.7.2 Therapeutic Hypothermia
234(1)
17.7.3 Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation
234(1)
References
235(2)
18 Neuraxial Analgesia: Technical Problems and Solutions
237(18)
Emilia Guasch
Fernando Gilsanz
Azahara Sancho de Avila
18.1 Definition of Ineffective Epidural During Labor: Causes and Possible Solutions
237(7)
18.1.1 Definition of Ineffective Epidural During Labor
238(1)
18.1.2 Epidemiology
238(1)
18.1.3 Block Assessment and Diagnosis
238(1)
18.1.4 Factors Associated with Failure of Neuraxial Analgesia
239(5)
18.2 Catheter Dislodgement/Migration
244(1)
18.2.1 Venous Migration
244(1)
18.2.2 Subdural or Subarachnoid Migration
244(1)
18.2.3 Transforaminal Migration
244(1)
18.2.4 Catheter Dislodgement
245(1)
18.3 Unilateral Block
245(2)
18.3.1 Plica Mediana Dorsalis and Other Anatomical Changes
245(1)
18.3.2 Catheter Location
246(1)
18.4 Subdural Block
247(1)
18.5 Breakthrough Pain
248(7)
18.5.1 PCEA
248(1)
18.5.2 Basal Infusion
249(1)
18.5.3 Novel Drug Delivery Systems
249(1)
18.5.4 Continuous Infusion Versus Mandatory Boluses
249(1)
18.5.5 Role of CSE in Breakthrough Pain
250(1)
References
250(5)
19 Neuraxial Analgesia in the Anticoagulated Parturient
255(12)
Anne-Sophie Ducloy-Bouthors
Nathalie Trillot
Philippe Deruelle
19.1 Introduction
255(1)
19.2 Hemorrhagic Risk Evaluation in Patients Receiving Thromboprophylaxis
256(1)
19.3 Epidural Hematoma Risk Evaluation
257(1)
19.4 Risk of Thrombosis After Discontinuing Antithrombotic Treatment
258(1)
19.5 Recovery of a Normal Hemostatic Function Allowing Safe Regional Analgesia
258(1)
19.6 Neuraxial Analgesia and Labor Management in the Anticoagulated Patient
259(2)
19.7 Conclusion
261(6)
References
263(4)
20 Complications of Neuraxial Analgesia
267(18)
Thierry Girard
Andreas Berset
Patricia Staehlin
20.1 Post-dural Puncture Headache
267(8)
20.1.1 Incidence
267(1)
20.1.2 Pathophysiology
268(1)
20.1.3 Risk Factors
268(2)
20.1.4 Diagnosis
270(1)
20.1.5 Differential Diagnosis
271(1)
20.1.6 Prevention
272(1)
20.1.7 Therapy
272(3)
20.2 Rare Complications
275(2)
20.2.1 Epidural Abscess
275(1)
20.2.2 Epidural Hematoma
276(1)
20.2.3 Subdural Hematoma
276(1)
20.2.4 Spinal Cord Trauma
277(1)
20.2.5 Accidental Intravenous Injection
277(1)
20.3 Postpartum Neurological Complications Due to Obstetrical Factors
277(8)
20.3.1 Peripheral Lesion
278(1)
20.3.2 Intrapelvic Lesion
279(2)
20.3.3 Therapy and Prognosis
281(1)
References
281(4)
21 Evidence-Based Medicine and Labor Analgesia
285(12)
Stephen H. Halpern
Rahul Garg
21.1 Introduction
285(1)
21.2 Evidence-Based Medicine
286(2)
21.2.1 Definition
286(1)
21.2.2 How to Use an Evidence-Based Approach
286(2)
21.3 Topics in Analgesia for Labor with Systematic Review or Large RCT Support (Level 1)
288(1)
21.4 Conclusions
288(9)
References
294(3)
22 Ethical Aspects of Analgesia in Childbirth
297(6)
Maria Casado
Lydia Buisan
22.1 Introduction
297(1)
22.2 About Pain and Suffering
298(1)
22.3 Characteristics of Pain in Childbirth
298(1)
22.4 Analgesia in Childbirth: Uncomplicated Versus Complicated Delivery
299(1)
22.5 Autonomy? The Claim of Pain: From the Good Sufferer to the Trend of Natural Childbirth
300(1)
22.6 Conclusions
301(2)
References
302(1)
23 Teaching Epidural for Labor Analgesia
303(12)
Lone Fuhrmann
Helle T. Østergaard
Doris Østergaard
23.1 Introduction
303(1)
23.2 Trends in Medical Education
304(1)
23.2.1 The Seven Roles
304(1)
23.2.2 Simulation-Based Training
304(1)
23.2.3 Patient Safety: Training of Teams
305(1)
23.3 Setting Learning Goals for Labor Analgesia
305(1)
23.3.1 Learning the Medical Expertise Skills: Theory and Procedural Skills
305(1)
23.3.2 NTS Training and Team Training
306(1)
23.4 Methods for Learning Labor Analgesia
306(2)
23.4.1 Theoretical Knowledge
307(1)
23.4.2 Training of Procedural Skills
307(1)
23.4.3 Training of NTS
307(1)
23.4.4 Teaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting
308(1)
23.5 Evaluation/Assessment of Learning
308(2)
23.5.1 Assessment of Learning/Competence
309(1)
23.5.2 Evaluation of Effect of Programs
310(1)
23.6 The Educator and the Learning Environment
310(1)
23.6.1 The Teacher and the Teaching Models
310(1)
23.7 Conclusion
311(1)
23.8 Recommendations
312(3)
References
312(3)
24 Humanization of Childbirth and Epidural Analgesia
315(10)
Giorgio Capogna
24.1 Introduction
315(1)
24.2 Humanization of Childbirth
316(2)
24.3 Pain, Suffering, and Epidural Analgesia
318(3)
24.4 Conclusion
321(4)
References
322(3)
25 Medicolegal Issues in Labor Analgesia
325(6)
Daniela Marchetti
Antonio G. Spagnolo
25.1 Introduction
325(1)
25.2 The Informed Consent
326(2)
25.2.1 Ethical Meaning and Legal Requirements of Consent
326(1)
25.2.2 The Information Requested by Patients Before Anesthesia
327(1)
25.2.3 How to Obtain Consent for Obstetric Anesthesia
327(1)
25.2.4 Pros and Cons to Written Consent in Labor Analgesia
328(1)
25.3 The Concept of "Standard of Care"
328(2)
25.4 Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Standard of Care
330(1)
References 331