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Essentials of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology 2nd Revised edition [Hardback]

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(University of Wyoming), (University of Wyoming)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 362 pages, height x width x depth: 285x221x20 mm, weight: 1360 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 275 Line drawings, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Oct-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108482511
  • ISBN-13: 9781108482516
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Essentials of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology 2nd Revised editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 362 pages, height x width x depth: 285x221x20 mm, weight: 1360 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 275 Line drawings, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Oct-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108482511
  • ISBN-13: 9781108482516
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781108482516.html
Keywords:
All Earth Science students need to understand the origins, environments, and basic processes that produce igneous and metamorphic rocks. This concise introductory textbook provides students with the essential knowledge needed to understand how petrology relates to other topics in the geologic sciences, and has been written specifically for one-semester courses. Throughout, the emphasis is on interpreting the mineralogy and petrology of rock suites in terms of origin and environment, with the first half of the book concentrating on igneous rocks, and the second half on metamorphic rocks. This Second Edition has been thoroughly revised and brought completely up-to-date. It now includes a new chapter on the application of stable and radiogenic isotopes in petrology, introducing students to the concept of isotopic fractionation and describing the process of radioactive decay. The discussions of phase diagrams, connections between igneous and metamorphic rock suites, and convergent margin magmatism have also been expanded. There is a new glossary of terms, updated end-of-chapter exercises, and updated further readings.

A concise introductory textbook on the mineralogy and petrology of igneous and metamorphic rocks, providing students with the essential petrologic knowledge needed for success in the geosciences. Written for one-semester courses, features include application boxes, end-of-chapter questions and problems, and a glossary of terms, new to this edition.

Recenzijas

'The second edition of Essentials of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology takes a successful format and develops it further to produce a key, up-to-date undergraduate petrology textbook. Structuring petrological processes around tectonic environments and processes makes for a straightforward and intuitive text, and allows for conceptual linkages between igneous and metamorphic rocks and processes. The call-outs and question sets are appropriate and thought-provoking, and add broader context and understanding that can be developed in associated class activities.' Graham D. M. Andrews, West Virginia University 'This is an excellent undergraduate textbook, covering the essence of igneous and metamorphic petrology. It incorporates recent scientific developments without ignoring the basics, shows the relevance of petrology for mineral exploration and geohazards, and provides links with other fields of geology. An extensive reference list provides guidance for further reading. Highly recommended!' Marlina Elburg, University of Johannesburg 'Frost and Frost have produced a very popular igneous and metamorphic petrology textbook as it is truly written for the undergraduate geology major with perhaps just a 100-level introductory geology class and mineralogy as their background coursework. However, it is also rich in detail and thoroughly modern. In both the igneous and metamorphic sections, the authors first introduce the needed rock descriptive and theoretical backgrounds to pave the way for students to explore subsequent chapters. Igneous rocks are examined by their tectonic setting and metamorphic rocks by their protolith, which is exactly how I have taught the course for many years. Inserts in each chapter take students to other relevant areas of Earth science. The appendix includes a very useful review of mineralogy. I have used the first edition and look forward to using the second!' James Lawford Anderson Review of the First Edition: ' I can highly recommend this book as a well-organized presentation of the essentials of igneous and metamorphic petrology and their application in an up-to-date mix of modern geochemistry and plate tectonics.' American Mineralogist Review of the First Edition: ' should be very successful in meeting the authors' stated objective of providing a concise text for a one-semester undergraduate course; it will also be a valuable resource for geologic professionals.' M. E. McCallum, Choice Praise for the First Edition: 'An authoritative and contemporary petrology textbook ideal for today's undergraduate student that distills the essence of igneous and metamorphic petrology.' Joshua Schwartz, California State University Praise for the First Edition: ' a streamlined view of igneous and metamorphic petrology that is most appropriate for a one-semester undergraduate-level course.' Jeffrey M. Byrnes, Oklahoma State University Praise for the First Edition: 'An introductory textbook that presents the basic principles of the subject matter in a simple and concise manner. Frost and Frost do a good job of linking igneous and metamorphic petrology to basic chemistry and major tectonic processes.' Aley K. El-Shazly, Marshall University Praise for the First Edition: ' succeeds in its stated objective: to convey the essential petrologic information that is needed by all geoscientists. will provide students with a solid, clearly written, well-illustrated foundation for understanding igneous and metamorphic rocks. I look forward to using this text in my own undergraduate petrology class.' Calvin G. Barnes, Texas Tech University

Papildus informācija

A concise introduction to the mineralogy and petrology of igneous and metamorphic rocks for all Earth Science students.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
What is New in the Second Edition xv
1 Introduction to Igneous Petrology
1(19)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Scope of Igneous Petrology
2(1)
1.3 Classification of Igneous Rocks
2(3)
1.3.1 Preliminary Classification
3(1)
1.3.2 IUGS Classification of Plutonic Rocks
3(2)
1.3.3 IUGS Classification of Volcanic and Hypabyssal Rocks
5(1)
1.4 Igneous Textures
5(5)
1.4.1 The Crystallization of Igneous Melts
5(2)
1.4.2 Crystal Size
7(2)
1.4.3 Crystal Shape
9(1)
1.5 Igneous Structures
10(7)
1.5.1 Structures in Volcanic Flows
10(1)
1.5.2 Structures in Pyroclastic Deposits
11(3)
1.5.3 Structures in Hypabyssal Rocks
14(2)
1.5.4 Structures in Plutonic Rocks
16(1)
Summary
17(1)
Questions and Problems
18(1)
Further Reading
19(1)
Note
19(1)
2 An Introduction to Igneous Phase Diagrams
20(19)
2.1 Introduction
20(1)
2.2 The Phase Rule
21(1)
2.3 The Lever Rule
22(1)
2.4 Two-Component Systems Involving Melt
23(8)
2.4.1 Binary Systems with a Eutectic
23(3)
2.4.2 Binary Systems with a Peritectic
26(2)
2.4.3 Binary Systems with a Thermal Barrier
28(1)
2.4.4 Binary Systems with Solid Solution
29(1)
2.4.5 Binary Systems with Partial Solid Solution
30(1)
2.5 Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems
31(3)
2.5.1 The Ternary System CaAl2Si2O8-CaMgSi2O6-Mg2SiO4
32(2)
2.6 Implications for Petrology
34(1)
Summary
35(1)
Questions and Problems
35(3)
Further Reading
38(1)
3 Introduction to Silicate Melts and Magmas
39(11)
3.1 Introduction
39(1)
3.2 Role of Volatiles
40(2)
3.2.1 Role of H2O
40(1)
3.2.2 Role of CO2
41(1)
3.3 Physical Properties of Magma
42(2)
3.3.1 Temperature
42(1)
3.3.2 Heat Capacity and Heat of Fusion
42(1)
3.3.3 Viscosity
43(1)
3.3.4 Density
43(1)
3.4 Ascent of Magmas
44(1)
3.5 Magmatic Differentiation
45(2)
3.5.1 Partial Melting
45(1)
3.5.2 Crystallization Processes
45(1)
3.5.3 Liquid--Liquid Fractionation
46(1)
3.5.4 Assimilation
46(1)
3.5.5 Magma Mixing
47(1)
Summary
47(1)
Questions and Problems
48(1)
Further Reading
49(1)
Note
49(1)
4 Chemistry of Igneous Rocks
50(17)
4.1 Introduction
50(1)
4.2 Modal Mineralogy versus Normative Mineralogy
51(1)
4.3 Variation Diagrams Based on Major Elements
51(3)
4.4 Major-Element Indices of Differentiation
54(5)
4.4.1 Modified Alkali--Lime Index
54(3)
4.4.2 Iron-Enrichment Index
57(1)
4.4.3 Aluminum-Saturation Index
58(1)
4.4.4 Alkalinity Index
59(1)
4.4.5 Feldspathoid Silica-Saturation Index
59(1)
4.5 Identification of Differentiation Processes Using Trace Elements
59(5)
4.5.1 Use of Trace Elements to Model Melting and Crystallization Processes
60(2)
4.5.2 Graphical Representations of Trace-Element Compositions
62(2)
Summary
64(1)
Questions and Problems
64(2)
Further Reading
66(1)
5 Application of Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes in Petrology
67(15)
5.1 Introduction
67(1)
5.2 Stable-Isotope Geochemistry
68(3)
5.2.1 Stable-Isotope Geothermometry
69(1)
5.2.2 Stable-Isotope Tracers of Magmatic Processes
69(2)
5.3 Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry
71(7)
5.3.1 Geochronology
72(3)
5.3.2 Isotopic Petrogenesis
75(3)
Summary
78(1)
Questions and Problems
79(2)
Further Reading
81(1)
6 Basalts and Mantle Structure
82(8)
6.1 Introduction
82(1)
6.2 Basalt Petrology
83(1)
6.2.1 Classification
83(1)
6.2.2 Chemistry and Petrography
83(1)
6.3 Melt Generation from the Mantle
84(3)
6.3.1 Mantle Composition
84(1)
6.3.2 Crust and Mantle Structure
84(1)
6.3.3 Mechanisms for Partial Melting of the Mantle
85(1)
6.3.4 The Process of Mantle Melting
86(1)
6.3.5 Origin of Tholeiitic versus Alkali Basalts
86(1)
6.4 Environments where Magmas are Generated
87(1)
Summary
88(1)
Questions and Problems
88(1)
Further Reading
89(1)
Note
89(1)
7 Oceanic Magmatism
90(19)
7.1 Introduction
90(2)
7.2 Petrology and Structure of the Oceanic Crust
92(5)
7.2.1 Ophiolites as a Model of the Oceanic Crust
92(1)
7.2.2 Refinements of the Ophiolite Model
93(4)
7.3 Petrography and Geochemistry of Oceanic Magmatism
97(10)
7.3.1 Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt
97(5)
7.3.2 Off-Ridge Magmatism
102(5)
Summary
107(1)
Questions and Problems
107(1)
Further Reading
108(1)
8 Convergent-Margin Magmatism
109(21)
8.1 Introduction
109(1)
8.2 Oceanic and Continental Arcs
110(6)
8.2.1 Island Arc Magmatism
110(1)
8.2.2 Continental Arc Magmatism
110(2)
8.2.3 Structure of Island and Continental Arcs
112(1)
8.2.4 Examples of Island and Continental Arcs
112(4)
8.3 Petrographic Characteristics of Island and Continental Arc Rocks
116(4)
8.3.1 Petrography of Island Arc Rocks
116(1)
8.3.2 Petrography of Continental Arc Rocks
117(3)
8.4 Geochemical Characteristics of Convergent-Margin Magma Series
120(5)
8.4.1 Comparison of Oceanic and Arc Differentiation Trends
120(1)
8.4.2 Comparison of Island and Continental Arc Magma Series
121(2)
8.4.3 Comparison of Oceanic and Continental Arc (Cordilleran) Plutonic Complexes
123(1)
8.4.4 Geochemical and Isotopic Identification of Contrasting Processes Forming Seguam and Mount Saint Helens
124(1)
8.5 Magma Generation at Convergent Margins
125(2)
8.5.1 Primary Arc Magma-Forming Processes
125(1)
8.5.2 Evolution of Arc Magmas During Ascent Through the Crust
125(2)
Summary
127(1)
Questions and Problems
128(1)
Further Reading
129(1)
9 Intracontinental Volcanism
130(17)
9.1 Introduction
130(1)
9.2 Continental Flood Basalt Provinces
131(4)
9.2.1 The Columbia Plateau-Snake River Plain Province
132(2)
9.2.2 Petrography and Chemistry of Continental Flood Basalts
134(1)
9.2.3 Models for the Generation of Continental Flood Basalts
135(1)
9.3 Bimodal Volcanism
135(4)
9.3.1 Bimodal Volcanism in the Yellowstone--Snake River Plain Province
135(1)
9.3.2 Geochemistry of the Yellowstone--Snake River Plain Bimodal Suite
136(1)
9.3.3 Models for the Generation of Bimodal Volcanism
137(2)
9.4 Alkaline Volcanism
139(5)
9.4.1 Sodic Alkaline Magmatism of the East African Rift
140(2)
9.4.2 Potassic Alkaline Volcanism
142(2)
9.5 Origin of the Chemical Diversity of Intracontinental Basaltic Magmas
144(1)
Summary
145(1)
Questions and Problems
146(1)
Further Reading
146(1)
10 Intracontinental Plutonism
147(36)
10.1 Introduction
147(2)
10.2 Layered Mafic Intrusions
149(5)
10.2.1 The Bushveld Intrusion
151(1)
10.2.2 Mineralogical Variation in LMIs
151(1)
10.2.3 Granitic Rocks Associated with LMIs
152(1)
10.2.4 Tectonic Environments of LMIs
153(1)
10.3 Anorthosites and Related Rocks
154(5)
10.3.1 Archean Anorthosites
154(2)
10.3.2 Massif Anorthosites
156(3)
10.3.3 Lunar Anorthosites
159(1)
10.4 Ferroan Granites
159(2)
10.4.1 The Pikes Peak Batholith
159(1)
10.4.2 Composition of Ferroan Granites
160(1)
10.5 Alkaline Complexes
161(3)
10.5.1 Geology of the Ilimaussaq Intrusion
161(3)
Summary
164(2)
Questions and Problems
166(1)
Further Reading
166(2)
Interpretation of Granitic Rocks
168(1)
11.1 Introduction
168(1)
11.2 Classification of Granitic Rocks
169(1)
11.2.1 Mineralogical Classification
169(1)
11.2.2 Classification Based on Opaque Oxides
169(1)
11.2.3 Alphabetic Classification
169(1)
11.2.4 Geochemical Classification
169(1)
11.3 Peraluminous Leucogranites
170(3)
11.3.1 Himalayan Leucogranites
172(1)
11.3.2 Geochemistry of Peraluminous Leucogranites
172(1)
11.4 Caledonian Granites
173(3)
11.4.1 The Etive Granite
174(1)
11.4.2 Geochemistry and Origin of Caledonian Granites
175(1)
11.5 Review of the Four Main Granite Types
176(5)
Summary
181(1)
Questions and Problems
181(1)
Further Reading
181(2)
12 Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
183(13)
12.1 Introduction
183(1)
12.2 Scope of Metamorphism
184(1)
12.3 Types of Metamorphism
184(1)
12.3.1 Regional Metamorphism
184(1)
12.3.2 Contact Metamorphism
184(1)
12.3.3 Burial Metamorphism
185(1)
12.3.4 Dynamic Metamorphism
185(1)
12.3.5 Hydrothermal Metamorphism
185(1)
12.3.6 Impact Metamorphism
185(1)
12.4 Basic Goals of Metamorphic Petrology
185(1)
12.5 Identification of Protolith
186(2)
12.5.1 Rocks of Clearly Sedimentary Parentage
186(1)
12.5.2 Rocks of Clearly Igneous Parentage
187(1)
12.5.3 Rocks of Uncertain Parentage
187(1)
12.6 Determination of Metamorphic Conditions
188(1)
12.6.1 Stability Range of Single Minerals
188(1)
12.6.2 Stability of Mineral Assemblages
188(1)
12.6.3 Metamorphic Fades
188(1)
12.6.4 Thermobarometry
188(1)
12.7 Metamorphic Textures
188(5)
12.7.1 Primary Textures
188(2)
12.7.2 Metamorphic Textures
190(3)
12.8 Naming a Metamorphic Rock
193(1)
Summary
193(1)
Questions and Problems
194(1)
Further Reading
195(1)
Note
195(1)
13 Interpretation of Metamorphic Phase Diagrams
196(10)
13.1 Introduction
196(1)
13.2 A Little History
197(1)
13.3 Use of Chemographic Projections
197(5)
13.3.1 Chemographic Projections in a Two-Component System
198(1)
13.3.2 Chemographic Projections in a Three-Component System
199(2)
13.3.3 Chemographic Projections in Systems with Four and More Components
201(1)
Summary
202(1)
Questions and Problems
202(3)
Further Reading
205(1)
14 Metamorphic Facies and the Metamorphism of Mafic Rocks
206(11)
14.1 Introduction
206(1)
14.2 Definition of Metamorphic Facies
207(1)
14.3 Facies of Regional Metamorphism
207(4)
14.3.1 Greenschist Facies
207(1)
14.3.2 Blueschist Facies
208(1)
14.3.3 Amphibolite Facies
208(1)
14.3.4 Very Low-Temperature Metamorphism
209(1)
14.3.5 Granulite Facies
210(1)
14.3.6 Eclogite Facies
211(1)
14.4 Facies of Contact Metamorphism
211(1)
14.5 Textural Changes during Metamorphism
211(2)
14.6 Mafic Mineral Assemblages at Increasing Temperature and Pressure
213(2)
14.6.1 Relations at Very Low Temperatures
214(1)
14.6.2 Relations at Low Pressure with Increasing Temperature
214(1)
14.6.3 Relations at Low Temperature with Increasing Pressure
215(1)
Summary
215(1)
Questions and Problems
215(1)
Further Reading
216(1)
15 Metamorphism of Peridotitic Rocks
217(17)
15.1 Introduction
217(1)
15.2 The Process of Serpentinization
218(1)
15.3 Prograde Metamorphism of Serpentinite: Reactions in the System CaO--MgO--SiO2--H2O
218(4)
15.4 Role of Minor Components
222(3)
15.4.1 Iron
222(2)
15.4.2 Aluminum
224(1)
15.5 Metaperidotites and Metamorphic Facies
225(1)
15.6 Role of CO2 in Metamorphism of Peridotites
226(2)
15.7 Metasomatism of Peridotites
228(1)
15.8 Examples of Metaperidotites in the Field
229(3)
15.8.1 Malenco Serpentinite
229(1)
15.8.2 Ingalls Peridotite
230(2)
Summary
232(1)
Questions and Problems
232(1)
Further Reading
233(1)
16 Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks
234(19)
16.1 Introduction
234(1)
16.2 Chemographic Projections for Pelitic Systems
235(3)
16.2.1 Chemographic Projections for Continuous Reactions
235(2)
16.2.2 AFM Projections for Pelitic Rocks
237(1)
16.3 Progressive Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks: Barrovian Metamorphism
238(5)
16.3.1 The Protolith: The Mineralogy of Shale
238(1)
16.3.2 Low-Grade Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks
238(1)
16.3.3 Barrovian Metamorphism of Pelitic Schists
239(4)
16.4 Pressure-Temperature Conditions for Metamorphic Assemblages in Metapelitic Rocks
243(5)
16.4.1 Metapelitic Assemblages and Metamorphic Facies
243(2)
16.4.2 Pressure Information from Metapelitic Rocks
245(3)
Summary
248(1)
Questions and Problems
249(3)
Further Reading
252(1)
17 Metamorphism of Calcareous Rocks and the Role of Fluids in Metamorphism
253(11)
17.1 Introduction
253(1)
17.2 Metamorphism of Impure Dolomitic Marble
254(4)
17.2.1 Stability of Metamorphic Assemblages in T-X Space
255(1)
17.2.2 Examples of How Mineral Assemblages Can Monitor Fluid Flow in Aureoles
256(2)
17.3 Buffering of Other Fluid Components
258(1)
17.4 Buffering of pH
259(3)
Summary
262(1)
Questions and Problems
262(1)
Further Reading
263(1)
18 Thermobarometry and the Conditions of Metamorphism
264(14)
18.1 Introduction
264(1)
18.2 Review of Thermodynamics
265(2)
18.2.1 Free Energy
265(1)
18.2.2 Effect of Changes in Pressure and Temperature on ΔG
265(1)
18.2.3 Equilibrium Constant
265(1)
18.2.4 Activity-Composition Relations
266(1)
18.3 Thermobarometers
267(6)
18.3.1 Geothermometry
267(1)
18.3.2 Geobarometry
268(1)
18.3.3 Thermobarometry
269(1)
18.3.4 Metamorphic Assemblage Diagrams (Pseudosections)
270(3)
18.4 Conditions of Metamorphism
273(3)
18.4.1 P--T Conditions for the Metamorphic Fades
273(2)
18.4.2 Upper Temperature Limits to Metamorphism and Migmatites
275(1)
18.4.3 Upper Pressure Limit of Metamorphism
276(1)
Summary
276(1)
Questions and Problems
277(1)
Further Reading
277(1)
19 Regional Occurrence and Tectonic Significance of Metamorphosed Rocks
278(15)
19.1 Introduction
278(1)
19.2 Metamorphism in Continental Collisions
279(2)
19.2.1 Examples of Continental Collisions
280(1)
19.3 Metamorphism along Convergent Plate Margins
281(3)
19.3.1 Subduction-Zone Metamorphism
281(1)
19.3.2 Metamorphism in Island Arcs
282(1)
19.3.3 Metamorphism in Accretionary Prisms
282(1)
19.3.4 Metamorphism in Continental Arcs
282(2)
19.4 Metamorphism in Rifting Terrains
284(1)
19.5 Sea-Floor Metamorphism
285(2)
19.6 Burial Metamorphism
287(1)
19.7 Metamorphism in Archean Terrains
287(3)
19.7.1 Greenstone Belts
289(1)
19.7.2 Gneiss Terrains
289(1)
19.7.3 Tectonic Interpretation of Archean Metamorphic Belts
290(1)
Summary
290(1)
Questions and Problems
291(1)
Further Reading
292(1)
Appendix: Review of Mineralogy
293(22)
A.1 Introduction
293(1)
A.2 Leucocratic Rock-Forming Minerals
293(6)
A.2.1 Quartz
293(1)
A.2.2 Feldspars and Feldspathoids
294(4)
A.2.3 Carbonates
298(1)
A.3 Ferromagnesian Minerals
299(8)
A.3.1 Olivine
299(1)
A.3.2 Pyroxenes
299(3)
A.3.3 Amphiboles
302(3)
A.3.4 Phyllosilicates
305(2)
A.4 Aluminum-Excess Minerals
307(2)
A.4.1 Aluminosilicates (Andalusite, Kyanite, and Sillimanite)
307(1)
A.4.2 Garnets
308(1)
A.4.3 Staurolite
309(1)
A.4.4 Cordierite
309(1)
A.4.5 Chloritoid
309(1)
A.5 Calcium-Aluminum Silicates
309(1)
A.5.1 Clinozoisite-Epidote
309(1)
A.5.2 Prehnite
310(1)
A.5.3 Pumpellyite
310(1)
A.5.4 Lawsonite
310(1)
A.5.5 Laumontite
310(1)
A.6 Oxide, Sulfide, and Other Nominally Opaque Phases
310(1)
A.6.1 Iron-Titanium Oxides (Magnetite and Ilmenite)
310(1)
A.6.2 Other Spinel Minerals
311(1)
A.6.3 Iron Sulfides
311(1)
A.6.4 Graphite
311(1)
A.6.5 Rutile
311(1)
A.7 Accessory Minerals
311(1)
A.7.1 Zircon
312(1)
A.7.2 Titanite (or Sphene)
312(1)
A.7.3 Apatite
312(1)
A.7.4 Monazite
312(1)
Summary
312(3)
Glossary 315(10)
References 325(18)
Index 343
B. Ronald Frost is Emeritus Professor of Geology at the University of Wyoming. He has conducted extensive field research in the Precambrian basement of Wyoming, as well as in Siberia, Greenland, Northern Canada, and the Broken Hill area of Australia. He is the author of more than 110 scientific papers on topics ranging from serpentinization and the metamorphism of serpentinites, ocean floor metamorphism, granulites, thermobarometry, the geochemistry of granites, and melting of sulfide ore deposits. He was previously an associate editor for the Journal of Metamorphic Geology and Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, and served on the editorial board of the Journal of Petrology. Carol D. Frost joined the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming in 1983 after receiving her Ph.D. in Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge. She investigates the origin and evolution of the continental crust, the provenance of clastic sedimentary rocks, granite petrogenesis, and applies isotope geology and geochemistry to environmental issues including water co-produced with hydrocarbons and geological sequestration of carbon dioxide. She is a Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America, Geological Society of America, and the Geochemical Society, and served as Division Director for the Division of Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation from 201418.