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E-grāmata: Ethernet: The Definitive Guide: Designing and Managing Local Area Networks

3.86/5 (63 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formāts: 508 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: O'Reilly Media
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781449363000
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Ethernet: The Definitive Guide: Designing and Managing Local Area NetworksPalielināt
  • Formāts: 508 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: O'Reilly Media
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781449363000
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Get up to speed on the latest Ethernet capabilities for building and maintaining networks for everything from homes and offices to data centers and server machine rooms. This thoroughly revised, comprehensive guide covers a wide range of Ethernet technologies, from basic operation to network management, based on the authors’ many years of field experience.

When should you upgrade to higher speed Ethernet? How do you use switches to build larger networks? How do you troubleshoot the system? This book provides the answers. If you’re looking to build a scalable network with Ethernet to satisfy greater bandwidth and market requirements, this book is indeed the definitive guide.

  • Examine the most widely used media systems, as well as advanced 40 and 100 gigabit Ethernet
  • Learn about Ethernet’s four basic elements and the IEEE standards
  • Explore full-duplex Ethernet, Power over Ethernet, and Energy Efficient Ethernet
  • Understand structured cabling systems and the components you need to build your Ethernet system
  • Use Ethernet switches to expand and improve network design
  • Delve into Ethernet performance, from specific channels to the entire network
  • Get troubleshooting techniques for problems common to twisted-pair and fiber optic systems

Recenzijas

Q&A with Charles E. Spurgeon, co-author of "Ethernet: The Definitive Guide," 3rd Edition"Q. Why is your book important right now? A. Ethernet is changing, with improvements to existing standards and with the development of new standards for higher speeds, Energy Efficient Ethernet, increasing power over Ethernet, and more. Ethernet, The Definitive Guide 2nd edition has been entirely updated with the changes to existing standards and includes new material covering the very latest in Ethernet technology. Q. What do you hope your readers walk away with? A. This thoroughly revised, comprehensive guide covers a wide range of Ethernet technologies, making it possible for the reader to quickly find what they need. The emphasis is on providing the information that the reader needs to build and manage Ethernet networks ranging in size from a small office system to a large enterprise network for a multi-building campus. The book is designed to provide tutorials on a wide range of topics, including fiber optic and twisted-pair cabling systems and network troubleshooting. Q. What s the most exciting or important thing happening in your space? A. Ethernet's ability to continue innovating is remarkable, as seen with the latest work on the 400 Gigabit per second variety of Ethernet. Ethernet is one of the few computer technologies that has managed to continue growing and evolving over several decades. Ethernet's long history was commemorated by the 40th "birthday" of Ethernet in May, 2013, celebrating the publication of the original Ethernet design memo in 1973. Q. Can you tell us a little more? A. Did you know that Ethernet interfaces are now "green?" The Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard, approved in late 2010, is now incorporated into most twisted-pair Ethernet interfaces. This allows the interface to automatically configure EEE to save small amounts of power when no data is being sent. And that, in turn, can save much larger amounts of power when the savings

Preface xv
Part I Introduction to Ethernet
1 The Evolution of Ethernet
3(8)
History of Ethernet
3(3)
The Aloha Network
4(1)
The Invention of Ethernet
4(2)
Reinventing Ethernet
6(4)
Reinventing Ethernet for Twisted-Pair Media
7(1)
Reinventing Ethernet for 100 Mb/s
8(1)
Reinventing Ethernet for 1000 Mb/s
8(1)
Reinventing Ethernet for 10, 40, and 100 Gb/s
9(1)
Reinventing Ethernet for New Capabilities
9(1)
Ethernet Switches
10(1)
The Future of Ethernet
10(1)
2 IEEE Ethernet Standards
11(16)
Evolution of the Ethernet Standard
11(2)
Ethernet Media Standards
13(3)
IEEE Supplements
13(1)
Draft Standards
14(1)
Differences Between DIX and IEEE Standards
15(1)
Organization of IEEE Standards
16(4)
The Seven Layers of OSI
16(2)
IEEE Sublayers Within the OSI Model
18(2)
Levels of Compliance
20(1)
The Effect of Standards Compliance
20(1)
IEEE Media System Identifiers
21(6)
10 Megabit per Second (Mb/s) Media Systems
21(2)
100 Mb/s Media Systems
23(1)
1000 Mb/s Media Systems
24(1)
10 Gb/s Media Systems
24(1)
40 Gb/s Media Systems
25(1)
100 Gb/s Media Systems
25(2)
3 The Ethernet System
27(16)
The Four Basic Elements of Ethernet
27(9)
The Ethernet Frame
28(2)
The Media Access Control Protocol
30(3)
Hardware
33(3)
Network Protocols and Ethernet
36(7)
Best-Effort Delivery
36(1)
Design of Network Protocols
37(1)
Protocol Encapsulation
38(1)
Internet Protocol and Ethernet Addresses
39(2)
Looking Ahead
41(2)
4 The Ethernet Frame and Full-Duplex Mode
43(20)
The Ethernet Frame
44(9)
Preamble
46(1)
Destination Address
46(2)
Source Address
48(1)
Q-Tag
48(1)
Envelope Prefix and Suffix
49(1)
Type or Length Field
50(1)
Data Field
51(1)
FCS Field
52(1)
End of Frame Detection
52(1)
Full-Duplex Media Access Control
53(4)
Full-Duplex Operation
53(2)
Effects of Full-Duplex Operation
55(1)
Configuring Full-Duplex Operation
55(1)
Full-Duplex Media Support
56(1)
Full-Duplex Media Segment Distances
56(1)
Ethernet Flow Control
57(3)
PAUSE Operation
58(2)
High-Level Protocols and the Ethernet Frame
60(3)
Multiplexing Data in Frames
60(1)
IEEE Logical Link Control
61(1)
The LLC Sub-Network Access Protocol
62(1)
5 Auto-Negotiation
63(26)
Development of Auto-Negotiation
64(1)
Auto-Negotiation for Fiber Optic Media
65(1)
Basic Concepts of Auto-Negotiation
65(2)
Auto-Negotiation Signaling
67(5)
FLP Burst Operation
68(4)
Auto-Negotiation Operation
72(5)
Parallel Detection
74(1)
Operation of Parallel Detection
74(1)
Parallel Detection and Duplex Mismatch
75(1)
Auto-Negotiation Completion Timing
76(1)
Auto-Negotiation and Cabling Issues
77(3)
Limiting Ethernet Speed over Category 3 Cable
78(1)
Cable Issues and Gigabit Ethernet Auto-Negotiation
79(1)
Crossover Cables and Auto-Negotiation
79(1)
1000BASE-X Auto-Negotiation
80(1)
Auto-Negotiation Commands
81(1)
Disabling Auto-Negotiation
82(1)
Auto-Negotiation Debugging
82(4)
General Debugging Information
83(1)
Debugging Tools and Commands
84(2)
Developing a Link Configuration Policy
86(3)
Link Configuration Policies for Enterprise Networks
87(1)
Issues with Manual Configuration
87(2)
6 Power Over Ethernet
89(20)
Power Over Ethernet Standards
89(3)
Goals of the PoE Standard
90(1)
Devices That May Be Powered Over Ethernet
91(1)
Benefits of PoE
91(1)
PoE Device Roles
92(1)
PoE Type Parameters
93(1)
PoE Operation
94(4)
Power Detection
94(1)
Power Classification
95(2)
Link Power Maintenance
97(1)
Power Fault Monitoring
97(1)
PoE and Cable Pairs
98(4)
PoE and Ethernet Cabling
101(1)
PoE Power Management
102(3)
PoE Power Requirements
102(1)
PoE Port Management
103(1)
PoE Monitoring and Power Policing
103(2)
Vendor Extensions to the Standard
105(4)
Cisco UPoE
105(1)
Microsemi EEPoE
105(1)
Power over HDBaseT (POH)
105(4)
PART II Ethernet Media Systems
7 Ethernet Media Signaling and Energy Efficient Ethernet
109(16)
Media Independent Interfaces
111(1)
Ethernet PHY Components
112(1)
Ethernet Signal Encoding
113(2)
Baseband Signaling Issues
113(1)
Baseline Wander and Signal Encoding
114(1)
Advanced Signaling Techniques
115(1)
Ethernet Interface
115(2)
Higher-Speed Ethernet Interfaces
116(1)
Energy Efficient Ethernet
117(8)
IEEE EEE Standard
118(1)
EEE Operation
119(2)
Impact of EEE Operation on Latency
121(1)
EEE Power Savings
122(3)
8 10 Mb/s Ethernet
125(14)
10BASE-T Media System
125(6)
10BASE-T Ethernet Interface
126(1)
Signal Polarity and Polarity Reversal
126(1)
10BASE-T Signal Encoding
126(2)
10BASE-T Media Components
128(2)
Connecting a Station to 10BASE-T Ethernet
130(1)
10BASE-T Link Integrity Test
130(1)
10BASE-T Configuration Guidelines
131(1)
Fiber Optic Media Systems (10BASE-F)
131(3)
Old and New Fiber Link Segments
132(1)
10BASE-FL Signaling Components
133(1)
10BASE-FL Ethernet Interface
133(1)
10BASE-FL Signal Encoding
133(1)
10BASE-FL Media Components
134(1)
10BASE-FL Fiber Optic Characteristics
134(5)
Alternate 10BASE-FL Fiber Optic Cables
135(1)
Fiber Optic Connectors
135(1)
Connecting a 10BASE-FL Ethernet Segment
136(1)
10BASE-FL Link Integrity Test
136(1)
10BASE-FL Configuration Guidelines
137(2)
9 100 Mb/s Ethernet
139(14)
100BASE-X Media Systems
139(1)
Fast Ethernet Twisted-Pair Media Systems (100BASE-TX)
140(6)
100BASE-TX Signaling Components
140(1)
100BASE-TX Ethernet Interface
140(1)
100BASE-TX Signal Encoding
141(4)
100BASE-TX Media Components
145(1)
100BASE-TX Link Integrity Test
146(1)
100BASE-TX Configuration Guidelines
146(1)
Fast Ethernet Fiber Optic Media Systems (100BASE-FX)
146(4)
100BASE-FX Signaling Components
147(1)
100BASE-FX Signal Encoding
147(1)
100BASE-FX Media Components
147(3)
100BASE-FX Fiber Optic Characteristics
150(3)
Alternate 100BASE-FX Fiber Optic Cables
150(1)
100BASE-FX Link Integrity Test
150(1)
100BASE-FX Configuration Guidelines
150(1)
Long Fiber Segments
151(2)
10 Gigabit Ethernet
153(18)
Gigabit Ethernet Twisted-Pair Media Systems (1000BASE-T)
153(6)
1000BASE-T Signaling Components
154(1)
1000BASE-T Signal Encoding
155(3)
1000BASE-T Media Components
158(1)
1000BASE-T Link Integrity Test
159(1)
1000BASE-T Configuration Guidelines
159(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Optic Media Systems (1000BASE-X)
159(5)
1000BASE-X Signaling Components
160(1)
1000BASE-X Link Integrity Test
160(1)
1000BASE-X Signal Encoding
160(1)
1000BASE-X Media Components
161(3)
1000BASE-X Fiber Optic Specifications
164(3)
1000BASE-SX Loss Budget
164(2)
1000BASE-LX Loss Budget
166(1)
1000BASE-LX/LH Long Haul Loss Budget
166(1)
1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX Configuration Guidelines
167(1)
Differential Mode Delay
167(4)
Mode-Conditioning Patch Cord
168(3)
11 10 Gigabit Ethernet
171(24)
10 Gigabit Standards Architecture
172(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Twisted-Pair Media Systems (10GBASE-T)
173(9)
10GBASE-T Signaling Components
174(1)
10GBASE-T Signal Encoding
175(2)
10GBASE-T Media Components
177(3)
10GBASE-T Link Integrity Test
180(1)
10GBASE-T Configuration Guidelines
180(1)
10GBASE-T Short-Reach Mode
181(1)
10GBASE-T Signal Latency
181(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Short Copper Cable Media Systems (10GBASE-CX4)
182(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Short Copper Direct Attach Cable Media Systems (10GSFP+Cu)
183(4)
10GSFP+Cu Signaling Components
184(2)
10GSFP+Cu Signal Encoding
186(1)
10GSFP+Cu Link Integrity Test
187(1)
10GSFP+Cu Configuration Guidelines
187(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Optic Media Systems
187(4)
10 Gigabit LAN PHYs
189(2)
10 Gb/s Fiber Optic Media Specifications
191(2)
10 Gigabit WAN PHYs
193(2)
12 40 Gigabit Ethernet
195(20)
Architecture of 40 Gb/s Ethernet
196(5)
PCS Lanes
196(5)
40 Gigabit Ethernet Twisted-Pair Media Systems (40GBASE-T)
201(1)
40 Gigabit Ethernet Short Copper Cable Media Systems (40GBASE-CR4)
202(4)
40GBASE-CR4 Signaling Components
204(1)
40GBASE-CR4 Signal Encoding
205(1)
QSFP+ Connectors and Multiple 10 Gb/s Interfaces
206(1)
40 Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Optic Media Systems
207(8)
40 Gb/s Fiber Optic Media Specifications
211(2)
40GBASE-LR4 Wavelengths
213(1)
40 Gigabit Extended Range
214(1)
13 100 Gigabit Ethernet
215(16)
Architecture of 100 Gb/s Ethernet
215(4)
PCS Lanes
216(3)
100 Gigabit Ethernet Twisted-Pair Media Systems
219(1)
100 Gigabit Ethernet Short Copper Cable Media Systems (100GBASE-CR10)
219(4)
100GBASE-CR10 Signal Encoding
222(1)
100 Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Optic Media Systems
223(8)
Cisco CPAK Module for 100 Gigabit Ethernet
224(1)
100 Gb/s Fiber Optic Media Specifications
225(6)
14 400 Gigabit Ethernet
231(6)
400 Gb/s Ethernet Study Group
232(1)
400 Gb/s Standardization
232(1)
Proposed 400 Gb/s Operation
232(5)
Part III Building an Ethernet System
15 Structured Cabling
237(20)
Structured Cabling Systems
238(1)
The ANSI/TIA/EIA Cabling Standards
239(5)
Solving the Problems of Proprietary Cabling Systems
239(1)
ISO and TIA Standards
240(1)
The ANSI/TIA Structured Cabling Documents
240(1)
Elements of the Structured Cabling Standards
241(1)
Star Topology
242(2)
Twisted-Pair Categories
244(3)
Minimum Cabling Recommendation
246(1)
Ethernet and the Category System
246(1)
Horizontal Cabling
247(3)
Horizontal Channel and Basic Link
248(1)
Cabling and Component Specifications
249(1)
Category 5 and 5e Cable Testing and Mitigation
250(1)
Cable Administration
250(3)
Identifying Cables and Components
251(1)
Class 1 Labeling Scheme
251(2)
Documenting the Cabling System
253(1)
Building the Cabling System
253(4)
Cabling System Challenges
254(3)
16 Twisted-Pair Cables and Connectors
257(26)
Horizontal Cable Segment Components
257(1)
Twisted-Pair Cables
258(6)
Twisted-Pair Cable Signal Crosstalk
260(1)
Twisted-Pair Cable Construction
260(3)
Twisted-Pair Installation Practices
263(1)
Eight-Position (RJ45-Style) Jack Connectors
264(1)
Four-Pair Wiring Schemes
265(4)
Tip and Ring
265(1)
Color Codes
265(1)
Wiring Sequence
266(3)
Modular Patch Panels
269(1)
Work Area Outlets
270(1)
Twisted-Pair Patch Cables
270(2)
Twisted-Pair Patch Cable Quality
270(1)
Telephone-Grade Patch Cables
271(1)
Twisted-Pair Ethernet and Telephone Signals
272(1)
Equipment Cables
272(1)
50-Pin Connectors and 25-Pair Cables
273(1)
25-Pair Cable Harmonica Connectors
273(1)
Building a Twisted-Pair Patch Cable
273(5)
Installing an RJ45 Plug
274(4)
Ethernet Signal Crossover
278(5)
10BASE-T and 100BASE-T Crossover Cables
279(1)
Four-Pair Crossover Cables
280(1)
Auto-Negotiation and MDIX Failures
281(1)
Identifying a Crossover Cable
282(1)
17 Fiber Optic Cables and Connectors
283(16)
Fiber Optic Cable
283(6)
Fiber Optic Core Diameters
284(1)
Fiber Optic Modes
285(1)
Fiber Optic Bandwidth
286(1)
Fiber Optic Loss Budget
287(2)
Fiber Optic Connectors
289(3)
ST Connectors
289(1)
SC Connectors
290(1)
LC Connectors
290(1)
MPO Connectors
291(1)
Building Fiber Optic Cables
292(2)
Fiber Optic Color Codes
293(1)
Signal Crossover in Fiber Optic Systems
294(5)
Signal Crossover in MPO Cables
294(5)
Part IV Ethernet Switches and Network Design
18 Ethernet Switches
299(28)
Basic Switch Functions
300(1)
Bridges and Switches
300(1)
What Is a Switch?
301(1)
Operation of Ethernet Switches
301(7)
Address Learning
303(2)
Traffic Filtering
305(1)
Frame Flooding
306(1)
Broadcast and Multicast Traffic
306(2)
Combining Switches
308(8)
Forwarding Loops
308(1)
The Spanning Tree Protocol
309(7)
Switch Performance Issues
316(5)
Packet Forwarding Performance
316(1)
Switch Port Memory
317(1)
Switch CPU and RAM
317(1)
Switch Specifications
317(4)
Basic Switch Features
321(6)
Switch Management
321(1)
Packet Mirror Ports
322(1)
Switch Traffic Filters
322(1)
Virtual LANs
323(2)
802.1Q Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
325(1)
Quality of Service (QoS)
326(1)
19 Network Design with Ethernet Switches
327(26)
Advantages of Switches in Network Designs
327(5)
Improved Network Performance
327(2)
Switch Hierarchy and Uplink Speeds
329(1)
Uplink Speeds and Traffic Congestion
330(1)
Multiple Conversations
331(1)
Switch Traffic Bottlenecks
332(4)
Hierarchical Network Design
333(3)
Network Resiliency with Switches
336(3)
Spanning Tree and Network Resiliency
337(2)
Routers
339(3)
Operation and Use of Routers
339(1)
Routers or Bridges?
340(2)
Special-Purpose Switches
342(7)
Multilayer Switches
342(1)
Access Switches
343(1)
Stacking Switches
343(1)
Industrial Ethernet Switches
344(1)
Wireless Access Point Switches
344(1)
Internet Service Provider Switches
345(1)
Metro Ethernet
345(1)
Data Center Switches
346(3)
Advanced Switch Features
349(4)
Traffic Flow Monitoring
349(1)
sFlow and NetFlow
349(1)
Power over Ethernet
350(3)
Part V Performance and Troubleshooting
20 Ethernet Performance
353(18)
Performance of an Ethernet Channel
354(6)
Performance of Half-Duplex Ethernet Channels
354(1)
Persistent Myths About Half-Duplex Ethernet Performance
354(3)
Simulations of Half-Duplex Ethernet Channel Performance
357(3)
Measuring Ethernet Performance
360(7)
Measurement Time Scale
361(3)
Data Throughput Versus Bandwidth
364(3)
Network Design for Best Performance
367(4)
Switches and Network Bandwidth
367(1)
Growth of Network Bandwidth
368(1)
Changes in Application Requirements
368(1)
Designing for the Future
369(2)
21 Network Troubleshooting
371(22)
Reliable Network Design
372(1)
Network Documentation
373(2)
Equipment Manuals
374(1)
System Monitoring and Baselines
374(1)
The Troubleshooting Model
375(2)
Fault Detection
377(1)
Gathering Information
378(1)
Fault Isolation
378(3)
Determining the Network Path
379(1)
Duplicating the Symptom
379(1)
Binary Search Isolation
380(1)
Troubleshooting Twisted-Pair Systems
381(4)
Twisted-Pair Troubleshooting Tools
381(1)
Common Twisted-Pair Problems
381(4)
Troubleshooting Fiber Optic Systems
385(2)
Fiber Optic Troubleshooting Tools
385(1)
Common Fiber Optic Problems
386(1)
Data Link Troubleshooting
387(1)
Collecting Data Link Information
387(1)
Collecting Information with Probes
388(1)
Network-Layer Troubleshooting
388(5)
Part VI Appendixes
A Resources
393(10)
B Half-Duplex Operation with CSMA/CD
403(24)
C External Transceivers
427(22)
Glossary 449(14)
Index 463
Charles Spurgeon is a senior technology architect at the University of Texas at Austin, where he works on a campus network system serving over 70,000 users in 200 buildings on two campuses. He has developed and managed large campus networks for many years, beginning at Stanford University, where he worked with a group that built the prototype Ethernet routers that became the founding technology for Cisco Systems. Charles, who attended Wesleyan University, lives in Austin, Texas, with his wife, Joann Zimmerman, and their cat Mona. Joann Zimmerman is a former software engineer with a doctorate in art history from the University of Texas at Austin. She has written and documented compilers, software tools and network monitoring software, and been a creator of the build and configuration management process for several companies. The author of papers in software engineering and Renaissance art history, she currently she has multiple fantasy novels in process.
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