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E-grāmata: Ethical Standards in Forensic Science

(Advanced Engineering Associates, USA), (Advanced Engineering Associates, USA)
  • Formāts: 124 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351022453
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  • Formāts: 124 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351022453
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"Ethical Standards in Forensic Science seeks to address the myriad practices in forensic science for a variety of evidence and analyses. The book looks at ethics, bias, what constitutes an expert in the field-both as a practitioner and to the court system-as well as the standards of practice as purported by the top forensic organizations. Coverage addresses evidence collection, chain of custody, real versus "junk" science, the damage questionable science can cause to a discipline and the judicial process, testing methods, report writing, and expert witness testimony in civil and criminal cases in a court of law. The authors' background in engineering provides a unique perspective on a variety of evidence and testing methods. As such, in addition to coverage the range of evidence and topics cited in the 2009 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Report, they address numerous challenges that have arisen specifically in forensic engineering cases-their specific area of expertise. Numerous case example are provided to illustrate the inherent danger of bias, inexact science, or expert witnesses taking dangerous and harmful liberties on the stand. Students, lawyers, and professionals in all forensic disciplines will find this a refreshing and accessible approach to elucidate the problem and offer suggestions for reform and change for the good of the entire profession"--

Ethical Standards in Forensic Science seeks to address the myriad practices in forensic science for a variety of evidence and analyses. The book looks at ethics, bias, what constitutes an expert in the field—both as a practitioner and to the court system—as well as the standards of practice as purported by the top forensic organizations. Coverage addresses evidence collection, chain of custody, real versus "junk" science, the damage questionable science can cause to a discipline and the judicial process, testing methods, report writing, and expert witness testimony in civil and criminal cases in a court of law.

The authors’ background in engineering provides a unique perspective on a variety of evidence and testing methods. As such, in addition to coverage the range of evidence and topics cited in the 2009 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Report, they address numerous challenges that have arisen specifically in forensic engineering cases—their specific area of expertise. Numerous case example are provided to illustrate the inherent danger of bias, inexact science, or expert witnesses taking dangerous and harmful liberties on the stand. Students, lawyers, and professionals in all forensic disciplines will find this a refreshing and accessible approach to elucidate the problem and offer suggestions for reform and change for the good of the entire profession.

Foreword vii
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Authors xvii
Symbols and Units xix
Chapter 1 Introduction to Forensic Science
1(8)
History
1(8)
Chapter 2 The State of Forensic Sciences
9(16)
Introduction
9(2)
Some Historical Perspective
11(2)
The Court System
13(3)
Rules of Evidence
16(4)
The National Academy of Sciences (MAS) Report
20(3)
Conclusions
23(2)
Chapter 3 The Role of Science
25(6)
Forensic Science
25(3)
Theories
28(3)
Chapter 4 The Meed for Experimentation and Testing: The Confluence of Experiment and Theory
31(6)
The Scientific Method
31(4)
Mathematics
35(2)
Chapter 5 The Role of the Forensic Practitioner and Expert Witness
37(16)
Role
37(1)
Role of the Practitioner
38(6)
Statements
44(1)
Standards
45(8)
Introduction
45(1)
Protocol for Forensic Investigations
46(1)
Standard Guide for Forensic Inspections and Investigations
47(1)
Scope
47(1)
Significance and Use
48(1)
Equipment
49(1)
Procedure
49(1)
Reports
50(3)
Chapter 6 Bias and Error
53(8)
Misconceptions
53(1)
Quantifying Bias and Error
53(2)
Error
55(3)
Sensitivity
56(2)
Probability
58(3)
Chapter 7 Ethics
61(8)
Introduction
61(1)
In Engineering
62(1)
In Fingerprint Analysis
63(1)
Handwriting
64(1)
Tool Marks
65(1)
Shoes and Tire Marks
66(1)
Bite Marks
66(3)
Chapter 8 The Court System and the Role of the Attorney: Limitations Placed on the Expert
69(8)
Rules of Evidence
70(2)
Trial Preparation of Experts
72(1)
Fees
73(3)
The Past and a View of the Future
76(1)
Chapter 9 Questionable Science and Common Misconceptions
77(16)
Fire Sciences
77(3)
Odontology
80(1)
Fingerprints
81(1)
Tool Marks and Firearms
82(5)
Structures, Gravity, and Wind
87(6)
Appendix A Values of Fundamental Constants 93(2)
Appendix B Conversion Factors 95(2)
Bibliography 97(2)
Index 99
Harold Franck founded Advanced Engineering Associates Inc. (AEA) in 1989 with a home office in Charleston, West Virginia and a satellite office in St. Petersburg, Florida. Harold holds a BSEE and MSEE from West Virginia University. AEA is a forensic engineering investigative company that also perform a certain amount of design associated with losses. The main thrust of the company involves accident reconstruction, fire dynamic analysis, electrical incidents, structural distress, and biomechanics of injury.

Darren Franck is president of AEA and had been with the company since 1995. Darren holds a BSCE from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and an MSME from Georgia Institute of Technology and has extensive experience in 3D animations and simulations as applied to forensic cases. The principals of the company are registered professional engineers and have certificates of authority in Florida, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Virginia, and West Virginia.