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E-grāmata: Ethnic Issues of China in the 20th Century

Translated by , Editor-in-chief
  • Formāts: 312 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-May-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Paths Publishing Group
  • ISBN-13: 9781844644797
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Ethnic Issues of China in the 20th CenturyPalielināt
  • Formāts: 312 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-May-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Paths Publishing Group
  • ISBN-13: 9781844644797
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The book is concerned with the Ethnic issues of China in the 20th century in general. It includes the conflicts between the foreign aggression and Democratic Revolution, the ethnic issues, the ethnic policies, the development in Xinjiang, Mongols, Tibet and other regions in China during the 20th century.

Since China is a country with 56 nationalities, it adopts its own ethnic policy with Chinese character. As the rising of China now in the world with 1.3 billion population and multiple nationalities, the western world may doubt why China can maintain the harmony and high speed economic development in different regions, such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, etc. What are the historical causes led to such a multiple-nationality Country?

There are unique aspects to this book. One is the detailed analysis on the historical background and reasons for such a multiple-nationality Country; the other is the vivid description of the ethnic policy in China in different minority nations and the interpretation of the issues and solutions for some special regions which the ethnic researchers studied.

This book is a comprehensive study on the ethnic issues in China in three dimensions, from the chronological aspect, the policy making aspect, and the inner and international impact on Chinese ethnic issues. If the reader wants to know China, a multi-nationality Countrys development, these factors cannot be ignored.
Chapter I The Ethnic Issues of China at the Turn from the 19th to the 20th Century
1(26)
1 Ethnic Crisis of China Aggravated by Foreign Powers' Invasions
1(6)
2 The Manchu-Han Conflict during the Xinhai Revolution
7(8)
3 The Late Qing Reforms in the Frontier Regions and Their Effects
15(12)
Chapter II Foreign Powers' Aggression against China and the Frontier Crisis around the Xinhai Revolution
27(41)
1 Russia's Aggression against Mongolia around the Xinhai Revolution
27(16)
1.1 Economic Aggressions
29(1)
1.2 Incitement of Ethnic Conflict
30(3)
1.3 Assist Outer Mongolia's Independence
33(5)
1.4 Military Aggressions against Uliastai and Khovd
38(1)
1.5 Occupation of Tannu Uriankhai
39(4)
2 The "Independence" and "Autonomy" of Hulun Buir
43(4)
3 Russia's Invasion of Xinjiang
47(6)
3.1 Aggression against Xinjiang on the eve of the Xinhai Revolution
48(1)
3.2 Invasion of the Chinese Northwest Frontier Regions after the Xinhai Revolution
49(4)
4 Japan's Penetrations in Inner Mongolia
53(3)
4.1 "The Independence Movement of Manchuria and Mongolia"
53(2)
4.2 Attempt of Dividing Inner Mongolia
55(1)
5 British's Conspiracy to Split Tibet
56(12)
5.1 Military Invasion and Economic Plundering in Tibet before the Xinhai Revolution
56(4)
5.2 Attempt of Splitting Tibet
60(2)
5.3 The Simla Conference and the McMahon Line
62(1)
5.4 Britain and Russia's Competition for the Dominance of Tibet
63(5)
Chapter III The Democratic Revolution and Nationalism of China
68(34)
1 Relation between the Chinese Democratic Revolution and Nationalism
68(5)
2 Interpretations on Nationalism by the Major Political Affiliations of Modern China
73(11)
3 The Role of Nationalism in the Chinese Democratic Revolution
84(10)
4 The State Concept for the Chinese Nationalism
94(8)
Chapter IV The Ethnic Policies and Institutions of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
102(30)
1 Ethnic Policies of the Nanjing Provisional Government
102(2)
1.1 Promotion of Ethnic Unity and State Unification
102(1)
1.2 Affirmation of the Principle of Ethnic Equality
103(1)
1.3 Development of Education and Economic Endeavors in the Frontier Regions
104(1)
2 The Beiyang Government's Ethnic Affairs Administration and Ethnic Policies
104(5)
2.1 Establishment of Ethnic Affairs Administration
105(1)
2.2 Proposition of "Union of Five Races" and State Unity
105(1)
2.3 Inheritance and Implementation of Ethnic Policies
106(3)
3 Ethnic Policies and Institutions of the Nationalist Government between 1928 and 1937
109(6)
3.1 Formation of a Decentralized Management System for Ethnic Affairs
110(1)
3.2 Ethnic Policies in the Frontier Regions
111(4)
4 Ethnic Policies of the Nationalist Government during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
115(12)
4.1 The War-time Ethnic Policies of the KMT
116(4)
4.2 Measures in Ethnic Administration during the Second Sino-Japanese War
120(5)
4.3 Political Dominance over the Frontier Regions
125(1)
4.4 The Economic and Cultural Development of the Frontier Regions
126(1)
4.5 Administrative Blueprint of Frontier Regions after the Second Sino-Japanese War
126(1)
5 The Nationalist Government's Ethnic Policies from 1945 to 1949
127(5)
5.1 Promotion of its Ethnic Policies
128(1)
5.2 Restoration of the KMT's Governance in Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang
129(3)
Chapter V Regional Ethnic Autonomy and the Evolution of the Ethnic Affairs Administrative System since 1949
132(29)
1 Federalism and Regional Ethnic Autonomy
132(10)
1.1 "National Self-determination" and "Federalism"
132(3)
1.2 Ethnic Minorities' Autonomy under the Principle of National Self-determination
135(5)
1.3 Inauguration of Regional Ethnic Autonomy System
140(2)
2 Ethnic Affairs Administration during the Democratic Revolution
142(3)
3 Ethnic Affairs Management between 1949 and 1978
145(10)
3.1 Establishment of Ethnic Affairs Administration
145(2)
3.2 Implementation of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in the Compact Communities of Ethnic Minorities
147(5)
3.3 Ethnic Affairs Administration for the Dispersed and Intermingled Communities of Minority Nationalities
152(1)
3.4 Tortuous Course of Regional Ethnic Autonomy and Ethnic Affairs Mechanism
153(2)
4 Restoration and Development of the Ethnic Affairs System after 1978
155(6)
4.1 Restoration and Improvement of Ethnic Affairs Administration
155(2)
4.2 Legislation for Regional Ethnic Autonomy
157(2)
4.3 Restoration of Ethnic Affairs Mechanism for the Minority Nationalities in the Dispersed and Intermingled Communities
159(2)
Chapter VI The Development of Chinese Minority Nationalities
161(34)
1 Chinese Minority Nationalities during the First Half of the 20th Century
161(6)
2 Development of the Ethnic Minority Regions during the Republic of China (1912-1949)
167(9)
3 Rapid Development between 1949 and 1957
176(4)
4 Economic Growth of the Ethnic Minority Regions between 1958 and 1977
180(6)
5 Rapid Development of the Ethnic Minority Regions after 1978
186(9)
Chapter VII The Division and Evolution of the Mongols in the 20th Century
195(38)
1 The Integration and Division of the Ancient Mongols
195(6)
1.1 Merging and Splitting of the Mongols during the Mongol Empire
195(3)
1.2 The Qing Empire's Governance Strategy of the Mongols: Divide and Rule
198(2)
1.3 The Tsarist Russia's Penetrations in North Mongolian
200(1)
2 Causes for Outer Mongolia's Independence
201(12)
2.1 The Qing Empire's Outdated Policy in Outer Mongolian
202(2)
2.2 Distinctive Lifestyles for Inner Mongols and Outer Mongols
204(1)
2.3 Outer Mongolia's "Autonomy" and its subsequent Withdrawal
205(2)
2.4 The Soviet Revolution of Russia and Outer Mongolia's Independence
207(6)
3 Inner Mongolia's Autonomous Movement and Implementation of Regional Ethnic Autonomy
213(7)
3.1 Japan's Penetration in Inner Mongolia and the "Autonomous Movement" of Eastern Mongolia
213(2)
3.2 "High Degree Autonomy" Campaign in West Inner Mongolia
215(2)
3.3 Practice of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in Inner Mongolia
217(3)
4 Inner and Outer Mongolian in the Second Half of the 20th Century
220(13)
4.1 Inner Mongols of China
220(2)
4.2 Outer Mongols in Mongolia Republic
222(7)
4.3 "Unity of the Three Mongolias" and "Pan-Mongolism"
229(4)
Chapter VIII The "Issue of Tibet" in the 20th Century
233(46)
1 Relation between Tibet and the Chinese Central Government in Ancient Times
234(7)
1.1 Tibet in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
234(2)
1.2 The Governance of Tibet by the Ming Empire (1368-1644)
236(1)
1.3 The Governance of Tibet in the Early Qing Dynasty
237(4)
2 Foreign Aggression in Tibet between 1840 and 1949
241(6)
2.1 The Penetrations of British India against Tibet
241(5)
2.2 The Interference of the United States in Tibetan Affairs
246(1)
3 The Governance of Tibet by the Republic of China (1912-1949)
247(9)
3.1 Ruling of Tibet by the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Beiyang Government
247(5)
3.2 Ties between Tibet Local Government and the Nationalist Government of China
252(4)
4 The Peaceful Liberation and Social Reform of Tibet
256(9)
4.1 Tibet's Peaceful Liberation
256(2)
4.2 Tibet's Social Reform and Regional Ethnic Autonomy
258(3)
4.3 Economic and Social Progress
261(4)
5 External Interference in Tibetan Affairs in the Second Half of the 20th Century
265(14)
Chapter IX The Separatism and Social Stability in Xinjiang
279(26)
1 The Origin of Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism and their Penetrations in Xinjiang
279(5)
2 The First "East Turkestan Republic": the Initial Political Practice of the "Eastern Turkistan" Separatists
284(3)
3 The "Three Districts Revolution"
287(7)
4 Nationality Restoration for the Russian Immigrants in China and the Defection of Xinjiang Residents
294(3)
5 Major Incidents Produced by the "East Turkistan" after 1949
297(2)
6 Terrorism Activities by the "East Turkistan" Militants in the 1980s and 1990s
299(4)
7 The Operations against "East Turkistan" after 1996
303(2)
Acknowledgements 305
Prof Wang works in the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, CASS. His research field includes the history of ethnics in China and the Contemporary ethnic issues, the ethnical theories, etc. His representative monograph and essays are: The Process of Nationalities and Nations (1998), An Analysis of Contemporary Chinese Ethnic Issues (2002), The Process of Nationalization in the Global Background (2009), Issues and Harmony: Seeking the Solution of the Chinese Ethnic Problems (2012), Rethink about the Harmonious National Relations (2010).

Zhang Jianping, works as an English professor in Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, once as visiting scholar and professor to take training and teaching in Cambridge University and Canterbury University, University of Alabama.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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