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E-grāmata: Etiological Explanations: Illness Causation Theory

(Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA)
  • Formāts: 186 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-May-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498784306
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Etiological Explanations: Illness Causation TheoryPalielināt
  • Formāts: 186 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-May-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498784306
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Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. This interdisciplinary book provides a convenient and accessible distillation of the current status of research into this developing field, and adds a personal flavour to the discussion by proposing the etiological stance as a comprehensive approach to identify modifiable causes of illness.

Key features:

• The first synthesis of the epidemiological and philosophical concepts in this growing research area

• Gives an accessible overview of current methods in biomedical causal metaphysics  ?  what is a cause of illness?  ?  and epistemology  ?  how do we identify it?

• Proposes a novel approach that integrates modern epidemiological methodology and recent theories from philosophy of science

Written for postgraduate students and researchers in the health and biomedical sciences, including those undertaking courses in the philosophy of medicine/science, public and global health, introduction to epidemiology, research methods, and advanced reasoning, the content will also be of interest to practising public health workers, biomedical scientists, and physicians.

About the author:

Olaf Dammann is Professor and Vice Chair of Public Health & Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA

Cover image: Mask used by 'Eskimo' shaman in causation of illness. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Preface xi
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 What this book is and is not about
1(2)
1.2 Road map
3(4)
2 A multidisciplinary problem
7(28)
2.1 Epidemiology: Finding causes of illness
8(1)
2.2 Terminology
9(1)
2.3 Etiology: Telling the story of illness occurrence
10(2)
2.4 Epidemiological metaphysics: What is a cause?
12(6)
2.4.1 The Mackie-Rothman model
14(2)
2.4.2 From pies to bicones
16(2)
2.5 Epidemiological epistemology: Causal inference
18(7)
2.5.1 Risk factors as candidate causes
19(3)
2.5.2 The epidemiological perspective
22(3)
2.6 The philosophers' perspective
25(1)
2.7 "Causes of effects" versus "effects of causes"
26(9)
2.7.1 The population/type-person/token error
27(1)
2.7.2 Etiological explanation and the EoC/CoE dyad
28(2)
2.7.3 Etiological explanation in populations and in persons
30(1)
2.7.4 Type and token etiology
30(2)
2.7.5 Etiological explanations in science and the courtroom
32(1)
2.7.6 Etiological explanation refers to causal vigor
33(2)
3 Etiological explanations
35(18)
3.1 Philosophy of epidemiology
35(8)
3.1.1 Textbook goals of epidemiology
36(2)
3.1.2 De facto goal: Useful etiological explanations
38(5)
3.2 Explanation by intervention
43(10)
3.2.1 The gold standard
43(1)
3.2.2 Intervention
44(4)
3.2.3 Quasi-intervention
48(1)
3.2.4 Objections
49(4)
4 Etiological pluralism
53(10)
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Mosaicist argument
53(2)
4.3 Etiological pluralism
55(3)
4.4 In etiological explanations, causal pluralism is pluralism of causation
58(3)
4.4.1 Pluralism of causes
58(1)
4.4.2 Pluralism of causation
59(1)
4.4.3 Causes versus conditions
60(1)
4.5 Inflammation and the preterm brain
61(2)
5 Difference-making and mechanism
63(16)
5.1 Introduction
63(1)
5.2 Russo-Williamson thesis
63(6)
5.2.1 Mechanism and difference-making
63(2)
5.2.2 Four papers promoting the Russo-Williamson thesis
65(4)
5.3 Its critics
69(3)
5.3.1 Weber
69(1)
5.3.2 Gillies: Reformulation
70(1)
5.3.3 Illari: Disambiguation
70(1)
5.3.4 Broadbent: Usefulness without mechanism
71(1)
5.3.5 Claveau: Two theses
72(1)
5.4 My take
72(7)
5.4.1 Where is the argument?
72(1)
5.4.2 What are "the health sciences" and "disease causation?"
73(1)
5.4.3 Evidence of what kind of mechanism?
74(1)
5.4.4 Difference-making?
74(1)
5.4.5 Three kinds of evidence
75(1)
5.4.6 Is RWT a truism?
75(2)
5.4.7 Support, not explanation?
77(2)
6 Process perspective
79(16)
6.1 Introduction
79(1)
6.2 Process etiology of autism
80(7)
6.2.1 Introduction
80(1)
6.2.2 Prematurity and autism
81(2)
6.2.3 Causal-process model of autism
83(3)
6.2.4 Developmental causation
86(1)
6.3 Process perspective in etiologic explanations
87(8)
6.3.1 Terminological clarification
87(1)
6.3.2 Mechanisms
88(2)
6.3.3 Or process?
90(5)
7 Combined Contribution
95(18)
7.1 Introduction
95(1)
7.2 Explaining illness occurrence
95(10)
7.2.1 Original versus current visions of public health
98(2)
7.2.2 Terminology matters
100(1)
7.2.3 Etiological stance
100(1)
7.2.4 Bio-social lifeworlds
101(1)
7.2.5 Combined contribution
101(4)
7.3 Contributors to illness occurrence
105(8)
7.3.1 Kinds of contribution
106(3)
7.3.2 Induction
109(1)
7.3.3 Modification
110(2)
7.3.4 Mediation
112(1)
8 Etiological coherence
113(24)
8.1 Introduction
113(1)
8.2 Hill's heuristics and explanatory coherentism in epidemiology
114(7)
8.2.1 Introduction
114(1)
8.2.2 Explanatory coherentism
114(2)
8.2.3 Explanation in silico
116(1)
8.2.4 Hill's coherence
117(1)
8.2.5 Objections and rebuttal
118(3)
8.3 Postscript - Hill's etiological coherentism
121(8)
8.3.1 Introduction
121(1)
8.3.2 Hill's heuristics as justification for action
122(2)
8.3.3 Hill's viewpoints as backbone of coherent etiological explanations
124(2)
8.3.4 Outlook
126(3)
8.4 Conclusion
129(8)
8.4.1 Summary of proposal
129(3)
8.4.2 Defense against some "big picture" objections
132(5)
Endnotes 137(12)
References 149(20)
Index 169
Olaf Dammann is Professor and Vice Chair of of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; as well as a Professor in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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