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EU Diplomatic Law [Hardback]

(Belgian diplomat and associate fellow of the Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, University of Leuven)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 400 pages, height x width x depth: 253x179x27 mm, weight: 832 g
  • Sērija : Oxford European Union Law Library
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Oct-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192844555
  • ISBN-13: 9780192844552
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EU Diplomatic LawPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 400 pages, height x width x depth: 253x179x27 mm, weight: 832 g
  • Sērija : Oxford European Union Law Library
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Oct-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192844555
  • ISBN-13: 9780192844552
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780192844552.html
Keywords:
EU Diplomatic Law provides a thorough analysis of the interactions between the European Union (EU) and international diplomatic and consular law. Over the past six decades, the EU has been granted unique powers that enable it to act prominently on the international plane, thereby developing a worldwide bilateral and multilateral diplomatic network. Much like states, the EU sends ambassadors to all corners of the world and accredits permanent missions at its Brussels' headquarters. These developments shake the foundations of diplomatic and consular law, as these branches of international law are based on the principles of state sovereignty, non-interference, and reciprocity. Traditional conceptions of international law only allow states to perform diplomatic and consular functions, leaving little room for non-state entities such as the EU.

Sanderijn Duquet addresses this fundamental problem by re-visiting the foundations of diplomatic and consular law, as well as analysing EU practice in initiating, conducting, and terminating diplomatic and consular relations. In particular, she focuses on the scope of EU diplomatic and consular powers, especially in relationship to its member states; its application of the Vienna Conventions and customary international law; the EU's use of creative legal techniques; the diplomatic and consular protection of EU citizens; questions of protocol and precedence; and the legal status of the EU's diplomatic staff and premises abroad. By critically analysing these issues, this book assesses the specific contribution the EU makes to the shaping of diplomatic and consular law.

Recenzijas

A Belgian diplomatic practitioner has produced a pioneering handbook of European Union diplomatic law with a strong historical bent, which includes: theoretical and historical perspectives on the right of legation, the origins, validity, and legitimacy of the EU's right of legation, the active and passive right of legation, the application of diplomatic law by the EU, diplomacy as a source of law, coexisting rights of legation, and the contribution of the EU to diplomatic and consular law. * William E. Butler, Jus Gentium *

Table of Cases
xiii
List of Abbreviations
xix
1 Introduction to EU Diplomacy and Diplomatic Law
1(27)
1.1 The Essentials of Diplomacy
1(8)
1.1.1 Why Do States Engage in Diplomatic Relations?
1(1)
1.1.2 A Brief History of Diplomacy
2(1)
1.1.2.1 The Origins of Diplomacy
2(1)
1.1.2.2 Ad Hoc Missions
3(1)
1.1.2.3 Permanent Missions
4(1)
1.1.2.4 Codification
5(3)
1.1.2.5 Key Developments
8(1)
1.2 The EU as a Diplomatic Actor
9(15)
1.2.1 Why Does the EU Engage in Diplomatic Relations?
9(1)
1.2.2 A Brief History of EU Diplomacy
10(1)
1.2.2.1 Start Up and Informality
11(3)
1.2.2.2 Professionalization
14(1)
1.2.2.3 Manifest Expansion
15(3)
1.2.2.4 Post-Lisbon
18(3)
1.2.3 The EU's Diplomatic Network
21(1)
1.2.3.1 The EU's External Relations Machinery
21(1)
1.2.3.2 Facts and Figures
22(1)
1.2.3.3 The Member States' Diplomatic Network in Third Countries
23(1)
1.3 The Structure of This Handbook
24(4)
1.3.1 Uncovering the EU's Contribution to Diplomatic and Consular Law
24(2)
1.3.2 Focus
26(1)
1.3.3 Outline
27(1)
2 Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
28(52)
2.1 Defining the Right of Legation
28(11)
2.1.1 Historical Account
28(2)
2.1.2 The 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
30(1)
2.1.2.1 Negotiation History
30(2)
2.1.2.2 Silence in the Treaty Text
32(1)
2.1.2.3 Shortcomings of the VCDR as a Standard to Define the Right of Legation
33(1)
2.1.3 Content
33(1)
2.1.4 Qualification
34(1)
2.1.4.1 The Right of Legation as a Right
34(2)
2.1.4.2 The Right of Legation as an Imperfect or Subjective Right
36(1)
2.1.4.3 The Right of Legation as a Capacity
37(1)
2.1.5 Conceptualizing the Right of Legation
38(1)
2.2 The Holders of the Right of Legation
39(24)
2.2.1 Historical Cracks in the State-Dominated System
39(1)
2.2.1.1 Practices
39(1)
2.2.1.2 Theories
40(2)
2.2.2 Modern Cracks in the State-Dominated System
42(1)
2.2.2.1 Parties to the 1961 Vienna Convention
42(3)
2.2.2.2 Other Entities that Exercise Diplomacy
45(1)
2.2.2.2.1 Those that aspire statehood
46(1)
Hong Kong and Macau
46(1)
The Republic of China
46(1)
Kosovo
47(1)
2.2.2.2.2 A religious entity
47(1)
2.2.2.2.3 International organizations
48(3)
2.2.2.2.4 Federated and regional entities
51(3)
2.2.3 Criteria to Exercise the Right of Legation
54(1)
2.2.3.1 Objective Criteria
54(1)
2.2.3.1.1 Condition ratione personae: having rights and duties under PIL
54(1)
2.2.3.1.2 Conditions ratione materiae: internal and external autonomy
55(1)
Independence
55(1)
The capacity to independently develop internal policies and general objectives
55(1)
The capacity to independently represent internal policies externally
56(1)
2.2.3.2 Subjective Criteria
56(1)
2.2.3.2.1 Introduction
56(1)
2.2.3.2.2 The five acts of external recognition
57(1)
The initial act of recognizing the subjects of international law
57(1)
The recognition of diplomatic capacity
58(1)
Mutual consent to enter into diplomatic relations
59(1)
The consent to establish a permanent mission
59(1)
The recognition of the application of the law on diplomatic or consular relations
60(1)
2.2.3.2.3 Recognition: the role of the UN Security Council
61(1)
2.2.3.2.4 Common features of recognition
61(1)
2.2.4 The Monopoly of States Revisited
62(1)
2.3 The EUs Right of Legation
63(17)
2.3.1 Introduction
63(1)
2.3.2 The Origins of the EUs Right of Legation
63(1)
2.3.2.1 First Traces
63(1)
2.3.2.2 The European Assembly
64(1)
2.3.2.2.1 The European Communities and legal personality
64(1)
2.3.2.2.2 The European Communities and recognition
65(1)
2.3.2.2.3 The necessity of the right of legation for the Communities
66(1)
2.3.2.3 Early Literature
67(2)
2.3.3 Validity and Legitimacy of the EU's Right of Legation
69(1)
2.3.3.1 Objective Criteria
69(1)
2.3.3.1.1 The EU as a subject of international law
69(1)
2.3.3.1.2 The EU as an independent actor exercising public authority
70(2)
2.3.3.1.3 The EU as a sovereign actor
72(1)
2.3.3.1.4 The EU as a functional actor
72(2)
2.3.3.2 Subjective Criteria
74(1)
2.3.4 Legal Controversies Surrounding the EU's Right of Legation
75(1)
2.3.4.1 Reciprocity
75(1)
2.3.4.2 The Exercise of Diplomatic Functions
76(1)
2.3.4.3 Who Holds the EU's Right of Legation?
77(1)
2.3.4.4 The Recognition of States
77(1)
2.3.5 Does the EU Possess the Right of Legation?
78(2)
3 The EUs Diplomatic Framework
80(78)
3.1 The Active Right of Legation: Bilateral Arrangements
80(36)
3.1.1 Legal Framework
80(2)
3.1.2 Common Features of EAs
82(1)
3.1.2.1 Main Characteristics
82(1)
3.1.2.2 Heading
83(1)
3.1.2.3 Substantive Clauses
83(3)
3.1.2.4 Final Clauses
86(2)
3.1.2.5 Special Cases
88(1)
3.1.3 The Status of EAs under PIL
89(1)
3.1.3.1 IOs and Treaty-Making
89(1)
3.1.3.2 PIL's Definition of a Treaty
90(1)
3.1.3.3 Are EAs Treaties?
91(1)
3.1.3.3.1 The design of establishment agreements
92(1)
3.1.3.3.2 The content of establishment agreements
93(1)
3.1.3.3.3 Reception of establishment agreements by contracting parties
94(1)
3.1.3.4 The EAs' Effects and Validity
95(2)
3.1.3.5 UN and EU Practices Compared
97(1)
3.1.4 The Status of EAs under EU Law
98(1)
3.1.4.1 Introduction
98(1)
3.1.4.2 The Road Not Taken: EAs as International Agreements
99(1)
3.1.4.2.1 What is a treaty in the EU legal order?
99(1)
3.1.4.2.2 First-generation EAs
100(3)
3.1.4.2.3 Second-generation EAs
103(3)
3.1.4.2.4 Procedural questions
106(1)
3.1.4.3 The More Unusual Solution: EAs as Administrative Agreements
107(1)
3.1.4.3.1 Introduction to an alternative theory
107(1)
3.1.4.3.2 First-generation EAs
107(1)
The AG's Opinion in France v Commission (1994): the three-criteria theory
107(2)
Judgment in France v Commission (1994): the express legal basis theory
109(2)
Judgment in France v Commission (2004): confirmation of the express legal basis theory
111(1)
3.1.4.3.3 Second-generation establishment agreements
112(1)
3.1.4.4 International or Administrative Agreements: What Difference Does It Make?
113(3)
3.2 The Active Right ofLegation: Multilateral Arrangements
116(24)
3.2.1 The EU's Diplomatic Representation at Other IOs
116(2)
3.2.2 Multilateral EUDELs in Third Countries
118(1)
3.2.2.1 The EUDEL in New York City
119(1)
3.2.2.1.1 The history and status of the mission
119(1)
3.2.2.1.2 Host state policies
120(4)
3.2.2.2 The EUDELs in Geneva
124(1)
3.2.2.2.1 The history and status of the missions
124(1)
3.2.2.2.2 The tale of two delegations
125(3)
3.2.2.3 The EUDEL in Addis Ababa
128(1)
3.2.2.3.1 The history and status of the mission
128(1)
3.2.2.3.2 Host state policies
128(1)
3.2.2.4 The EUDEL in Jakarta
129(1)
3.2.2.4.1 The history and status of the mission
129(1)
3.2.2.4.2 Host state policies
130(1)
3.2.3 Multilateral EUDELs in EU Member States
130(2)
3.2.3.1 The EUDEL in Vienna
132(2)
3.2.3.2 The EUDEL in Rome
134(2)
3.2.3.3 The EUDELs in France
136(1)
3.2.3.3.1 Host state policies
136(1)
3.2.3.3.2 The EUDEL in Paris
136(2)
3.2.3.3.3 The EUDEL in Strasbourg
138(1)
3.2.4 Double-Hatted EUDELs
139(1)
3.3 The Passive Right of Legation
140(18)
3.3.1 Member States
141(1)
3.3.1.1 Between Diplomacy and Policy
141(1)
3.3.1.2 Duties
142(1)
3.3.1.3 Permanent Representations and Diplomatic Law
142(2)
3.3.2 Third States
144(1)
3.3.2.1 Diplomatic Missions to the EU and Euratom
144(1)
3.3.2.2 Duties
145(1)
3.3.2.3 Permanent Missions and Diplomatic Law
145(1)
3.3.3 IOs and Other Representations
146(1)
3.3.3.1 The Passive Right of Legation Sensu Lato
146(1)
3.3.3.2 Duties
147(1)
3.3.3.3 International Organizations
148(1)
3.3.3.3.1 Belgium is a member state of the IO
148(1)
The UN family
148(3)
The Council of Europe
151(1)
IOM
152(1)
EPO
152(1)
International Criminal Police Organization
153(1)
Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie
153(1)
3.3.3.3.2 Belgium is not a member state of the accredited international organization
154(2)
3.3.3.4 Non-State Entities
156(1)
3.3.3.5 Non-Governmental and Private Actors
157(1)
4 The EU's Application of Diplomatic Law
158(76)
4.1 General Principles
158(8)
4.1.1 A Self-Contained System?
158(2)
4.1.2 Non-Discrimination and Reciprocity
160(3)
4.1.3 Non-interference
163(2)
4.1.4 Secrecy
165(1)
4.2 The 1961 VCDR
166(39)
4.2.1 The Establishment and Termination of Diplomatic Relations
167(1)
4.2.1.1 Establishing Diplomatic Relations
167(2)
4.2.1.2 Terminating Diplomatic Relations
169(1)
4.2.2 The Accreditation and the End of Functions
170(1)
4.2.2.1 Diplomatic Law
170(1)
4.2.2.2 EUDELs in Third States
171(1)
4.2.2.3 EUDELs at IOs
172(3)
4.2.2.4 The Corps Diplomatique Accredited to the Union
175(1)
4.2.2.4.1 Missions of member states
175(1)
4.2.2.4.2 Missions of third states, IOs, and other non-state entities
176(2)
4.2.2.4.3 Multiple accreditations
178(1)
4.2.3 The Exercise of Diplomatic Functions
178(1)
4.2.3.1 The Job Description of an EU Diplomat
178(1)
4.2.3.2 International and EU Legal Constraints
179(1)
4.2.3.3 Diplomatic Tasks
180(1)
4.2.3.3.1 Representation
180(2)
4.2.3.3.2 Protection
182(2)
4.2.3.3.3 Negotiation
184(1)
4.2.3.3.4 Observation and reporting
185(1)
4.2.3.3.5 Promotion of friendly relations
186(1)
4.2.3.4 Non-Diplomatic Tasks
186(1)
4.2.3.4.1 The implementation of development cooperation
187(1)
4.2.3.4.2 Coordination with member states
188(1)
4.2.3.5 Conclusion
189(1)
4.2.4 The Enjoyment of Immunities, Inviolability, and Privileges
189(1)
4.2.4.1 Definitions
189(1)
4.2.4.2 Privileges and Immunities of Union Diplomats
190(1)
4.2.4.2.1 General
190(2)
4.2.4.2.2 Nationality
192(1)
4.2.4.2.3 Diplomatic confidentiality
193(1)
4.2.4.2.4 Case study: the EU in the UK
194(1)
4.2.4.3 Inviolability of Communication, Archives, Diplomatic Bags, and Correspondence
195(1)
4.2.4.3.1 Premises
195(1)
4.2.4.3.2 Communication
196(2)
4.2.4.3.3 The diplomatic bag
198(1)
4.2.4.4 Access to Diplomatic Information in the EU Context
199(1)
4.2.4.4.1 Side-lining the general public?
199(1)
4.2.4.4.2 The diplomatic exception is set down in law
200(1)
4.2.4.4.3 The diplomatic exception is necessary in a democratic society
201(2)
4.2.4.4.4 The diplomatic exception is proportionate to the aim of protecting international relations
203(1)
4.2.4.5 Enforcement
204(1)
4.3 Diplomatic Protocol, Practices, and Procedures
205(7)
4.3.1 The Rules on International Politeness
205(1)
4.3.2 Diplomatic Nomenclature
206(1)
4.3.3 Diplomatic Precedence
207(3)
4.3.4 Diplomatic Symbolism: Flags, Emblems, and Anthems
210(2)
4.4 Diplomatic Law Not Covered by the VCDR
212(11)
4.4.1 Diplomatic Passports
212(1)
4.4.1.1 Legal Value
212(1)
4.4.1.2 The Belgian Practice
213(1)
4.4.1.3 The EU Laissez-Passer
214(1)
4.4.1.3.1 EU diplomatic travel documents
214(1)
4.4.1.3.2 Continued problems with the EULP
215(2)
4.4.2 Diplomatic Visa and Same-Sex Relationships
217(2)
4.4.3 Diplomatic Asylum
219(1)
4.4.3.1 Seeking Refuge at a Diplomatic Mission
219(1)
4.4.3.2 Guidance for EUDELs
220(3)
4.5 Customary Diplomatic Law
223(9)
4.5.1 Introduction
223(1)
4.5.2 A Source of Uncertainty
223(1)
4.5.2.1 The Finding of CIL
223(1)
4.5.2.2 CIL in Diplomatic Relations
224(1)
4.5.3 The Application of CIL
225(2)
4.5.4 The Effect of EU Diplomacy on CIL
227(1)
4.5.4.1 Participation Rules in Diplomacy
227(2)
4.5.4.2 The Content of Diplomatic Customary Law
229(2)
4.5.4.3 The Contribution of the Union to CIL
231(1)
4.5.5 Conclusion
232(1)
4.6 General Appraisal
232(2)
5 The Interplay between the EU and Its Member States
234(78)
5.1 Diplomacy in the EU Legal Order
234(23)
5.1.1 Defining Challenges
234(1)
5.1.2 Diplomacy as a Competence
235(1)
5.1.2.1 Qualifying Diplomacy
235(1)
5.1.2.1.1 Not a competence ...
235(1)
5.1.2.1.2 But an instrument
235(1)
5.1.2.1.3 Division of competences
236(1)
5.1.2.2 Demarcation Issues
237(1)
5.1.2.2.1 General principles of EU law
237(1)
5.1.2.2.2 The national identity clause
238(1)
Article 4(2) TEU's basic features
238(2)
Diplomacy as a component of national identity
240(2)
Diplomacy as an essential state function
242(2)
5.1.2.2.3 Declarations 13 and 14 attached to the EU Treaties
244(1)
5.1.2.2.4 Diplomacy as a domaine reserve?
245(2)
5.1.3 Diplomacy as a Source of Law
247(1)
5.1.3.1 Incorporating International Legal Norms
247(1)
5.1.3.2 Diplomatic and Consular Law as Part of the EU Legal Order
247(1)
5.1.3.2.1 Functional succession
248(1)
5.1.3.2.2 Customary international law status
248(3)
5.1.3.2.3 Direct references to diplomatic law
251(1)
5.1.3.3 Consequences
252(1)
5.1.3.3.1 Member states' law
252(1)
5.1.3.3.2 EUlaw
252(2)
5.1.3.3.3 Legal enforcement
254(3)
5.1.4 Observations
257(1)
5.2 Coexisting Norms
257(24)
5.2.1 Applying EU Law or Diplomatic and Consular Law
258(1)
5.2.1.1 The Internal Market
258(1)
5.2.1.2 Freedom of Movement of EU Citizens
259(3)
5.2.1.3 Freedom of Movement of EU Workers
262(3)
5.2.1.4 Analysis
265(1)
5.2.2 Interpreting EU Law in Light of Diplomatic and Consular Law
266(1)
5.2.2.1 Privileges and Immunities
266(4)
5.2.2.2 Diplomatic Concepts
270(2)
5.2.2.3 Non-Diplomatic Concepts
272(6)
5.2.2.4 Analysis
278(1)
5.2.3 Interpreting EU Law in Light of Diplomatic and Consular Interests
279(1)
5.2.4 Observations
280(1)
5.3 Coexisting Rights of Legation
281(31)
5.3.1 Between Interaction and Parallelism
281(1)
5.3.2 Parallel Diplomacy
282(1)
5.3.2.1 National Prerogatives in Diplomacy
282(1)
5.3.2.2 The Union's Prerogatives in Diplomacy
283(1)
5.3.2.3 The Parallel Exercise of Rights of Legation
284(1)
5.3.3 Interactive Diplomacy
285(1)
5.3.3.1 General Obligations
286(1)
5.3.3.1.1 Member states
286(3)
5.3.3.1.2 The Union
289(2)
5.3.3.2 Specific Obligations
291(1)
5.3.3.2.1 The obligation to (sincerely) cooperate
291(1)
5.3.3.2.2 The obligation to exchange information
291(3)
5.3.3.2.3 The obligation to coordinate
294(4)
5.3.3.2.4 Obligations related to consular services rendered to EU citizens
298(1)
Consular protection to unrepresented EU citizens
299(3)
Crisis diplomacy
302(1)
Administrative and legal consular services
303(1)
The EUDELs' involvement in consular affairs
304(1)
5.3.3.2.5 The obligation to cooperate in the external representation of the Union
305(1)
5.3.3.2.6 The obligation to facilitate the EU's exercise of passive right of legation
306(1)
5.3.3.3 Cooperation Modes Not Explicitly Foreseen in EU Law
306(1)
5.3.3.3.1 The sharing of staff, housing, and security
306(1)
5.3.3.3.2 The lead state concept
307(2)
5.3.3.3.3 Ad hoc cooperation
309(1)
5.3.3.4 The Legal Status of the Obligations to Interact in Diplomacy
310(1)
5.3.3.5 The Interactive Exercise of Rights of Legation
310(1)
5.3.4 A European Diplomacy Model
311(1)
6 Concluding Thoughts
312(7)
6.1 Introduction
312(1)
6.2 The International Diplomatic System
312(3)
6.3 The EU's Diplomatic Identity and the Perception Thereof
315(2)
6.4 The Contribution of the EU to Diplomatic and Consular Law
317(2)
Appendix 1 Facts and Figures 319(4)
Appendix 2 Model Establishment Agreement (2010) 323(2)
Appendix 3 Diplomatic Arrangements Entered Into by the EU 325(4)
Appendix 4 List of Third State Arrangements 329(4)
Appendix 5 Missions of International Organizations and Other Non-State Entities 333(6)
Appendix 6 Model Accreditation Letter (2010) 339(2)
Appendix 7 Model Note Verbale 341(2)
Appendix 8 Administrative Grades and Diplomatic Titles for EU Staff 343(2)
Bibliography 345(20)
Index 365
Sanderijn Duquet is a Belgian diplomat, acting as the diplomatic advisor of the Belgian State Secretary for Asylum and Migration in 2021. She has previously been posted to the Belgian Permanent Representation to NATO. Sanderijn holds a PhD in international law from the University of Leuven, and has studied at Ghent University and American University Washington College of Law.