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European Union Returns Directive and its Compatibility with International Human Rights Law: Analysis of Return Decision, Entry Ban, Detention, and Removal [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 830 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 1415 g
  • Sērija : Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe 45
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Nov-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Martinus Nijhoff
  • ISBN-10: 9004360522
  • ISBN-13: 9789004360525
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European Union Returns Directive and its Compatibility with International Human Rights Law: Analysis of Return Decision, Entry Ban, Detention, and RemovalPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 830 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 1415 g
  • Sērija : Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe 45
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Nov-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Martinus Nijhoff
  • ISBN-10: 9004360522
  • ISBN-13: 9789004360525
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789004360525.html
Keywords:
The book assesses the EU Returns Directive against international human rights norms and standards. Izabella Majcher explores protection gaps in the EU return policy and highlights how the provisions of the Directive should be implemented in line with member states’ human rights obligations. Informed by this assessment, the book discusses draft amendments to the Directive, proposed by the European Commission in September 2018.
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations and Country Codes xv
Part 1 Introduction
1 The Returns Directive against the Background of International and EU Human Rights Law: Setting the Scene
3(80)
1.1 The Returns Directive
6(29)
1.1.1 Presentation of the Returns Directive
6(12)
1.1.1.1 Towards the Adoption of the Directive
6(5)
1.1.1.2 Overview of the Directive
11(1)
1.1.1.2.1 Geographical and Personal Scope of Application of the Directive
12(1)
1.1.1.2.2 The Content of the Directive
15(3)
1.1.2 Instruments Required for the Implementation of the Returns Directive
18(10)
1.1.2.1 Cooperation between the Member States
18(4)
1.1.2.2 Cooperation with Third Countries
22(6)
1.1.3 The Returns Directive within the EU Asylum and Immigration Policy
28(7)
1.2 Sources of the Human Rights Protection in the Context of Expulsion
35(20)
1.2.1 International Human Rights Law
35(13)
1.2.1.1 Responsibility of the EU under International Human Rights Law
35(3)
1.2.1.2 Responsibility of the Member States under International Human Rights Law
38(1)
1.2.1.2.1 Member States' International Human Rights Obligations
38(1)
1.2.1.2.2 The Doctrine of Equivalent Protection
47(1)
1.2.2 EU Human Rights Law
48(48)
1.2.2.1 The General Principles of EU Law
50(2)
1.2.2.2 The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
52(2)
1.2.2.3 European Convention on Human Rights as a Source of Inspiration
54(1)
1.3 The Need for a Human Rights Assessment of the Returns Directive in the Context of the Recast Process
55(28)
Part 2 Return Decision Introduction: The Scheme of Return under EU Law 83(156)
2 Human Rights Impediments to Return
95(52)
2.1 Introduction
95(1)
2.2 The Principle of Non-Refoulement
96(28)
2.2.1 The Scope of the Principle of Non-Refoulement
102(10)
2.2.2 Implementation of the Principle of Non-Refoulement
112(12)
2.3 Family and Private Life
124(21)
2.3.1 The Scope of the Concepts of Family and Private Life
125(5)
2.3.2 The Implementation of the Right to Respect for Family and Private Life
130(29)
2.3.2.1 The Right to Family and Private Life Barring Return
131(6)
2.3.2.2 The Right to Family and Private Life Implying Regularisation
137(8)
2.4 Conclusion
145(2)
3 Procedural Safeguards
147(51)
3.1 Introduction
147(1)
3.2 Prohibition of Collective Expulsion
147(8)
3.3 The Right to Be Heard prior to Adoption of the Return Decision
155(4)
3.4 Effective Remedy
159(25)
3.4.1 Accessibility of Remedy
161(15)
3.4.1.1 Access to Information
163(3)
3.4.1.2 Time-Limits
166(2)
3.4.1.3 Legal and Linguistic Assistance
168(4)
3.4.1.4 Accelerated and Border Procedures
172(4)
3.4.2 Effectiveness of Remedy
176(8)
3.5 Additional Child-Specific Safeguards
184(12)
3.5.1 The Right to Be Heard
187(3)
3.5.2 The Guardianship Assistance for Unaccompanied Children
190(6)
3.6 Conclusion
196(2)
4 Social Rights Pending Return
198(31)
4.1 Introduction
198(3)
4.2 Health Care
201(6)
4.3 Education
207(4)
4.4 Adequate Standard of Living
211(16)
4.4.1 Basic Conditions of Subsistence Addressed in the Preamble of the Directive
212(8)
4.4.2 Can Destitution Entail a Duly to Regularise?
220(7)
4.5 Conclusion
227(2)
Conclusion: Legal Limbo for Non-Deportable People
229(10)
Part 3 Re-Entry Ban Introduction: Entry Ban as Pan-European Effect of Return Decision 239(106)
5 Entry Ban in the Light of the Principle of Proportionality
241(30)
5.1 Introduction
241(1)
5.2 The Nature of Entry Ban
242(14)
5.3 The Schengen-Wide Character of Entry Ban
256(13)
5.4 Conclusion
269(2)
6 Human Rights Impediments to Entry Ban
271(33)
6.1 Introduction
271(1)
6.2 The Principle of Non-Refoulement
272(19)
6.2.1 Endorsement of the Principle of Non-Refoulement in Relation to Entry Ban
272(14)
6.2.2 Implementation of the Principle of Non-Refoulement in Relation to Entry Ban
286(5)
6.3 Family and Private Life
291(11)
6.4 Conclusion
302(2)
7 Protection of Personal Data Stored in a SIS Alert
304(29)
7.1 Introduction
304(4)
7.2 The Right to Data Protection
308(15)
7.2.1 The Right to Information
313(3)
7.2.2 The Right of Access
316(3)
7.2.3 The Right to Correction and Deletion of Data
319(1)
7.2.4 The Right to a Remedy
320(3)
7.3 The Right to Private Life
323(8)
7.4 Conclusion
331(2)
Conclusion: Schengen-Wide Entry Ban: a Triple Peine?
333(12)
Part 4 Pre-Removal Detention Introduction: Immigration Detention in the Light of the Prohibition of Arbitrary Detention 345(198)
8 Permissibility of Detention
351(102)
8.1 Introduction
351(1)
8.2 Lawfulness of Detention
351(39)
8.2.1 Procedural Requirements: the Rights of the Defence
352(7)
8.2.2 Substantive Requirements: the Grounds for Detention
359(31)
8.2.2.1 Detention Not Justified under the Returns Directive
359(1)
8.2.2.1.1 Asylum Detention
360(1)
8.2.2.1.2 Criminal Immigration-Related Detention
366(5)
8.2.2.2 Grounds Justifying Detention under the Returns Directive
371(1)
8.2.2.2.1 The Risk of Absconding
373(1)
8.2.2.2.2 Hampering or Avoiding Return
380(1)
8.2.2.2.3 Other Grounds?
383(7)
8.3 Necessity and Proportionality of Detention
390(28)
8.3.1 Alternatives to Detention
391(15)
8.3.2 The Norm of Non-Detention of Children
406(12)
8.4 Length of Detention
418(26)
8.4.1 The Maximum Permissible Duration of Detention
418(14)
8.4.2 Risk of Re-Detention upon the Expiry of the Permissible Length of Detention
432(12)
8.5 Detention at the Border: Out of the Directive's Safeguards?
444(7)
8.6 Conclusion
451(2)
9 Procedural Safeguards
453(37)
9.1 Introduction
453(1)
9.2 Review of Detention
454(31)
9.2.1 Accessibility of Review
456(15)
9.2.1.1 Notification of Detention
457(4)
9.2.1.2 Automatic Character of Review of Detention
461(1)
9.2.1.3 Legal Assistance Free of Charge
462(6)
9.2.1.4 Linguistic Assistance Free of Charge
468(3)
9.2.2 Effectiveness of Review
471(36)
9.2.2.1 The Promptness and Frequency of the Review
472(5)
9.2.2.2 Authority in Charge of Review
477(2)
9.2.2.3 Scope of the Review
479(2)
9.2.2.4 Equality of Anus
481(4)
9.3 Compensation for Unlawful Detention
485(3)
9.4 Conclusion
488(2)
10 Conditions of Detention
490(42)
10.1 Introduction
490(2)
10.2 Place of Detention and Separation of Different Categories of Detainees
492(8)
10.3 Treatment in Detention and Material Conditions
500(7)
10.4 Specific Categories of Detainees
507(16)
10.4.1 Children
507(10)
10.4.2 Other Vulnerable Persons
517(6)
10.5 Contact with the Outside World and Independent Monitoring
523(4)
10.6 Complaint Mechanisms and Effective Investigation
527(3)
10.7 Conclusion
530(2)
Conclusion: Externalisation of Immigration Detention
532(11)
Part 5 Enforcement of Return Introduction: Enforcement of the Return Decision as the Final Stage of the Return Process 543(124)
11 Mandatory ("Voluntary") Return
547(29)
11.1 Introduction
547(4)
11.2 "Voluntary" Departure Period
551(17)
11.3 Assisted Voluntary Return Programmes and Ambiguous Role of the IOM
568(6)
11.4 Conclusion
574(2)
12 Forcible Return
576(46)
12.1 Introduction
576(3)
12.2 Removal
579(26)
12.2.1 Returnee's Medical Condition
584(3)
12.2.2 The Use of Force and Means of Restraint
587(3)
12.2.3 Deportation Personnel
590(3)
12.2.4 Independent Monitoring
593(7)
12.2.5 Complaint Mechanisms and Effective Investigation
600(5)
12.3 Joint Removal Operations
605(14)
12.3.1 Joint Removal Flights under the Council Decision 2004/573
610(2)
12.3.2 Joint Return Operations Coordinated by Frontex
612(7)
12.4 Conclusion
619(3)
13 Removal to a Transit Country Based on Readmission Agreements
622(32)
13.1 Introduction
622(4)
13.2 Indirect Refoulement
626(20)
13.2.1 The Concept of Safe Third Country
630(8)
13.2.2 Removal to a Transit Country under the Returns Directive
638(8)
13.3 Collective Expulsion
646(6)
13.4 Conclusion
652(2)
Conclusion: Post-Return Monitoring: a Missing Element
654(13)
Part 6 Conclusion
14 The Returns Directive: Effectiveness of Return vs. Human Rights Protection
667(28)
14.1 Critical Overview of the EU Return Process
668(6)
14.2 Return Procedures against the Backdrop of International and EU Human Rights Law
674(12)
14.2.1 Risks to Human Rights Protection
675(4)
14.2.1.1 Protection Gaps in the Returns Directive
675(1)
14.2.1.2 Systemic Cross-Cutting Issues
676(3)
14.2.2 Upholding Human Rights Protection
679(7)
14.2.2.1 The Return Process Compliant with Human Rights Standards
679(3)
14.2.2.2 Status of Non-Deportable People and Regularisation Duties
682(4)
14.3 Way Forward
686
14.3.1 The Recast of the Returns Directive
686(5)
14.3.2 The Implementation in Line with States' Human Rights Obligations
691
Annexes
Annex 1 Ratifications of International Instruments: United Nations
695(3)
Annex 2 Ratifications of International Instruments: Council of Europe
698(3)
Annex 3 Reservations
701(3)
Annex 4 Domestic Legislation Transposing the Returns Directive
704(2)
Annex 5 Return Decisions 2012-2018
706(1)
Annex 6 Entry Bans 2009-2013
707(1)
Annex 7 Entry Bans in 2013
708(1)
Annex 8 Detention Orders in 2013
709(1)
Annex 9 Maximum Length of Detention Prior to and after the Transposition of the Directive
710(2)
Annex 10 Removals 2012-2018
712(2)
Annex 11 Voluntary Returns (Numbers and Percentage) 2014-2017
714(2)
Annex 12 Assisted Returns (Numbers and Percentage) 2014-2017
716(1)
Annex 13 Forcible Returns (Numbers and Percentage) 2014-2017
717(1)
Annex 14 Frontex's Return Operations 2006-2017
718(1)
Bibliography 719(104)
Index 823
Izabella Majcher, Ph.D. (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2017), is a researcher at the Global Detention Project and visitor to immigration detainees in Geneva with the Ligue Suisse des Droits de lHomme. She has published widely on the EU returns policy and has experience in various international fora (UN system, diplomatic representations, and NGOs).