List of Tables |
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xi | |
List of Figures |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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xvi | |
Part I Defining Change |
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3 | (10) |
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1.1 Introductory comments |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Definitions of change |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Example 1: The aeroplane |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Example 2: The toothbrush |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Principles of change |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (2) |
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2 What is Educational Change? |
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13 | (26) |
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2.1 Introductory comments |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Definitions of educational change |
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14 | (2) |
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2.3 Strategies for effecting change |
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16 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Power-coercive strategy |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Rational-empirical strategy |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Normative-re-educative strategy |
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19 | (4) |
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2.4 Factors affecting educational change |
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23 | (9) |
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32 | (7) |
Part II Implementing Change |
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39 | (21) |
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3.1 Introductory comments |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2 Educational implementation strategies |
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40 | (11) |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Models of curriculum implementation |
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41 | (10) |
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3.3 Factors affecting curriculum change in English language teaching |
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51 | (6) |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (25) |
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4.1 Introductory comments |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (15) |
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4.4.1 Personal attributes |
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66 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Practical constraints |
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69 | (2) |
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4.4.3 External influences |
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71 | (6) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (5) |
Part III Measuring Change |
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5 Evaluating Change with MA TEFL/TESL Students |
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85 | (32) |
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5.1 Introductory comments |
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85 | (1) |
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5.2 In-service training with English language teachers |
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86 | (12) |
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86 | (11) |
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5.2.2 The MA TEFL/TESL program Mc |
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97 | (1) |
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5.3 Evaluating change on the MA TEFLT/TESL programme |
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98 | (18) |
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5.3.1 Data collection procedure |
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98 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Data collection tools |
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99 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Programme participants |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (14) |
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116 | (1) |
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6 Evaluating Change with Chinese Lecturers of English |
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117 | (38) |
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6.1 Introductory comments |
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117 | (1) |
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6.2 English language teaching in China |
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118 | (10) |
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6.2.1 Historical perspective |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (4) |
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6.2.3 English language teaching in higher education institutions |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (3) |
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6.3 In-service training in China |
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128 | (6) |
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128 | (3) |
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6.3.2 The China University of Mining and Technology programme |
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131 | (3) |
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6.4 Evaluating change on the CUMT programme |
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134 | (17) |
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6.4.1 Data collection procedure |
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134 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Data collection tools |
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135 | (2) |
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6.4.3 Programme participants |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (13) |
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6.5 Implications and recommendations |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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7 Evaluating Change with Japanese Teachers of English |
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155 | (62) |
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7.1 Introductory comments |
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155 | (1) |
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7.2 English language teaching in Japan |
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156 | (8) |
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7.2.1 Historical perspective |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (2) |
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7.2.3 New Revised Course of Study: Emphasis on oral communication |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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7.3 In-service Training in Japan |
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164 | (10) |
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164 | (5) |
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7.3.2 The Japanese Secondary Teachers' programme |
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169 | (5) |
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7.4 Evaluating change on the JST programme |
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174 | (29) |
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7.4.1 Data collection procedure |
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174 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Data collection tools |
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175 | (10) |
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7.4.3 Case-study profiles |
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185 | (7) |
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192 | (11) |
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7.5 Implications and recommendations |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
Conclusion |
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207 | (10) |
Appendices |
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Appendix 1 MA TEFL/TESL Programme Additional Student Responses |
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217 | (5) |
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Appendix 2 Education in China English Language Teaching in Primary Schools |
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222 | (3) |
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Appendix 3 Education in China Project 211 |
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225 | (4) |
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Appendix 4 The Course of Study for Upper Secondary School |
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229 | (8) |
Bibliography |
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237 | (12) |
Index of Names |
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249 | (3) |
Index of Subjects |
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252 | |