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Event Structure Metaphors through the Body: Translation from English to American Sign Language [Hardback]

(Eastern Kentucky University)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 224 pages, weight: 560 g
  • Sērija : Figurative Thought and Language 4
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Jun-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • ISBN-10: 902720070X
  • ISBN-13: 9789027200709
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 118,34 €*
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 224 pages, weight: 560 g
  • Sērija : Figurative Thought and Language 4
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Jun-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • ISBN-10: 902720070X
  • ISBN-13: 9789027200709
How do the experiences of people who have different bodies (deaf versus hearing) shape their thoughts and metaphors? Do different linguistic modes of expression (signed versus spoken) have a shaping force as well? This book investigates the metaphorical production of culturally-Deaf translators who work from English to American Sign Language (ASL). It describes how Event Structure Metaphors are handled across languages of two different modalities. Through the use of corpus-based evidence, several specific questions are addressed: are the main branches of Event Structure Metaphors – the Location and Object branches – exhibited in ASL? Are these two branches adequate to explain the event-related linguistic metaphors identified in the translation corpus? To what extent do translators maintain, shift, add, and omit expressions of these metaphors? While answering these specific questions, this book makes a significant elaboration to the two-branch theory of Event Structure Metaphors. It raises larger questions of how bilinguals handle competing conceptualizations of events and contributes to emerging interest in how body specificity, linguistic modes, and cultural context affect metaphoric variability.
Typographic conventions xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Chapter 1 Translating metaphor through the body: Changing expressions, changing thoughts 1(16)
Conceptual Metaphor Theory: A brief definition
3(1)
The universality and variation of conceptual metaphors
4(1)
Event-Structure Metaphors
5(2)
Translation studies and metaphor in translation
7(4)
Linguistics-based approaches
7(1)
Text-linguistic approaches
8(1)
Functionalist approaches
8(1)
Descriptive translation studies
9(2)
Early studies of metaphor in translation from a cognitive-descriptive perspective
11(2)
The relevance of studying Event-Structure Metaphors in translation
13(3)
Research questions and book structure
16(1)
Chapter 2 Event Structure Metaphors: Conceptualizing events through bodily experience 17(18)
Conceptual Metaphor Theory
17(11)
The roots of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Western philosophical history
17(1)
Conceptual Metaphor Theory: Basic ideas and principles
18(5)
Mappings
18(1)
Invariance principle
19(1)
Partial mappings
20(1)
Inheritance hierarchies
21(1)
Unidirectionality
21(1)
Experiential basis
22(1)
Image schemas
22(1)
CMT and conceptual metonymy
23(1)
The psychological reality of CMT and competing metaphors in bilinguals
24(1)
CMT and American Sign Language
25(3)
Event-Structure Metaphors: Location and object versions
28(2)
Location Event-Structure Metaphor
28(1)
Object Event-Structure Metaphor
29(1)
Cross-linguistic studies of Event-Structure Metaphors
30(4)
ESMs across spoken languages
31(1)
Location-ESM and ASL
31(1)
Object-ESM and ASL
32(1)
The study of ESMs in translation
33(1)
Summary
34(1)
Chapter 3 A body of bodily expressions: A corpus-based description of metaphor translation 35(20)
Trustworthiness and reliability in metaphor analysis
35(1)
The selection of translation data
36(4)
Translation corpus preparation
40(5)
Deciding about the preparation of the English source text (ST) data
40(1)
Deciding about the preparation of the ASL target text (TT) data
40(1)
Deciding about software tools to support the coding and analysis of the data
40(1)
Deciding about transcription and annotation requirements for the ASL translation
41(3)
Deciding about a unit of translation analysis: Sentences and idea units
44(1)
Deciding about correspondences between TT units and ST units
45(1)
English source text metaphor identification and coding
45(3)
Deciding what counts as an Event-Structure Metaphor in the English source text
45(2)
Deciding about potential cross-domain mappings of identified Event-Structure Metaphors in the English source text
47(1)
ASL target text metaphor identification and coding
48(5)
Deciding what counts as an Event-Structure Metaphor in the ASL target text
48(3)
Deciding about potential cross-domain mappings of identified Event-Structure Metaphors in the ASL target text
51(2)
Coding how ESMs are handled
53(1)
Summary
53(2)
Chapter 4 Arriving: Understanding events in terms of bodies in locations 55(24)
The Location Event-Structure Metaphor: An overview
56(1)
States are locations
57(2)
States are locations: Evidence from English and ASL
58(1)
Changes are movements
59(3)
Changes are movements: Evidence from English and ASL
60(2)
Causes are forces/causation is forced movement
62(2)
Causes are forces/causation is forced movement: Evidence from English and ASL
62(2)
Actions are self-propelled movements
64(2)
Actions are self-propelled movements: Evidence from English and ASL
64(2)
Purposes are destinations
66(2)
Purposes are destinations: Evidence from English and ASL
66(2)
Means are paths
68(2)
Means are paths: Evidence from English and ASL
69(1)
Difficulties are impediments to motion
70(2)
Difficulties are impediments to motion: Evidence from English and ASL
71(1)
Freedom of action is the lack of impediments to motion
72(1)
Freedom of action is the lack of impediments to motion: Evidence from English and ASL
72(1)
External events are large, moving objects
73(2)
External events are large, moving objects: Evidence from English and ASL
74(1)
Long-Term, purposeful activities are journeys
75(3)
Long-Term, purposeful activities are journeys: Evidence from English and ASL
76(2)
Summary
78(1)
Chapter 5 Obtaining: Understanding events in terms of bodies possessing objects 79(16)
The Object Event-Structure Metaphor: An overview
80(1)
Attributes are possessions
81(2)
Attributes are possessions: Evidence from English and ASL
82(1)
Changes are movements of possessions
83(4)
Changes are movements of possessions: Evidence from English and ASL
84(3)
Causation is transfer of possessions
87(3)
Causation is transfer of possessions: Evidence from English and ASL
88(2)
Purposes are desired objects/achieving a purpose is acquiring a desired object
90(3)
Purposes are desired objects/achieving a purpose is acquiring desired object: Evidence from English and ASL
91(2)
Summary
93(2)
Chapter 6 Releasing: Understanding events in terms of bodies as containers 95(34)
The Container Event-Structure Metaphor: A newly proposed branch
96(4)
Locus of essences is in the body/essences are substances
100(5)
Locus of essences is in the body/essences are substances: Evidence from ASL and English
101(4)
Changes are changes in substance levels/causation is forced movement of substances
105(5)
Changes are changes in substance levels/causation is forced movement of substances: Evidence from ASL and English
106(4)
Purposes are filling up with desired substances
110(5)
Purposes are filling up with desired substances: Evidence from ASL and English in Difficulties are forces causing blockage/pressure or breakage/drainage
114(1)
Difficulties are forces causing blockage/pressure or breakage/drainage: Evidence from ASL and English
115(7)
Fulfillment is being full, releasing substance or pressure
121(1)
Fulfillment is being full, releasing substance or pressure: Evidence from ASL and English
122(4)
Summary
126(3)
Chapter 7 Summary of translating Event Structure Metaphors through the body 129(42)
Overview of Event-Structure Metaphor expressions in the AFS parallel corpus
130(3)
The maintenance of Event-Structure Metaphor expressions from English to ASL in the AFS parallel corpus
133(15)
Maintenance of Location-ESM expressions
133(4)
Maintenance of Object-ESM expressions
137(4)
Maintenance of Container-ESM expressions
141(6)
Summary of maintenance of the three major ESM branches
147(1)
The shifting of ESM expressions in the AFS parallel corpus
148(12)
Shifting from one ESM branch in English to another ESM branch in ASL
148(6)
Shifting from Location-ESM expressions
148(3)
Shifting from Object-ESM expressions
151(2)
Shifting from Container-ESM expressions
153(1)
Shifting from ESM branch expressions in English to literal or non-ESM expressions in ASL
154(2)
Shifting from Location-ESM expressions
155(1)
Shifting from Object-ESM expressions
155(1)
Shifting from literal or non-ESM expressions in English to ESM expressions in ASL
156(3)
Shifting to Location-ESM expressions
156(1)
Shifting to Object-ESM expressions
157(1)
Shifting to Container-ESM expressions
158(1)
Comparison of all types of shifting in the AFS parallel corpus
159(1)
The explicitation of ESM expressions in ASL where there are zero corresponding expressions in the English
160(3)
Explicitation of Location-ESM expressions in ASL
160(2)
Explicitation of Object-ESM expressions in ASL
162(1)
Explicitation of Container-ESM expressions in ASL
162(1)
Comparison between explicitations of all ESM expressions in the AFS parallel corpus
163(1)
The omission of ESM expressions in the English source text
163(2)
Omission of Location-ESM expressions
164(1)
Omission of Object-ESM expressions
164(1)
Comparison, between omissions of all ESM expressions in the American freedom speeches parallel corpus
165(1)
Summary
165(6)
Chapter 8 Conclusion: Different bodies, different metaphor preferences? 171(14)
Implications of the research results
173(10)
The universality of the location and object branches of ESMs
173(2)
The variation of Event-Structure Metaphors and its implication for translation
175(2)
Alternative metaphors
175(1)
Preferential conceptualization
176(1)
The prominence of the newly proposed Container-ESM branch in ASL
177(3)
The usefulness of a cognitive-descriptive framework for studying metaphor in translation and metaphor variation
180(3)
Limitations of the study Future directions
183(2)
References 185(8)
Appendix A. American Freedom Speeches parallel corpus design, building, and annotation guidelines 193(18)
Appendix B. American Freedom Speeches English source texts 211(6)
Index of topics and names 217(4)
Index of analyzed ASL signs 221(2)
Index of conceptual metaphors and metonymies 223