Foreword |
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v | |
Preface |
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vi | |
Guide to using this book |
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vii | |
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xiii | |
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xxiv | |
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1 Fundamentals of evidence |
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1 | (22) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (5) |
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1.4 Proof of facts without evidence |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.6 General exclusionary discretion |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.8 Tribunals of fact and law |
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18 | (5) |
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2 The burden and standard of proof |
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23 | (11) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2 The burden and standard of proof in criminal proceedings |
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24 | (6) |
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2.3 The burden and standard of proof in civil proceedings |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (7) |
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34 | (1) |
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3.2 Presumptions with proof of basic facts |
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34 | (1) |
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3.3 Irrebuttable presumptions of law |
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34 | (1) |
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3.4 Rebuttable presumptions of law |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.7 Conflicting presumptions |
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40 | (1) |
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3.8 Presumptions without proof of basic facts |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (28) |
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41 | (1) |
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4.2 Competence and compellability |
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41 | (7) |
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4.3 Oaths and affirmations |
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48 | (2) |
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4.4 Form of witness evidence |
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50 | (3) |
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4.5 The content of witness evidence |
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53 | (1) |
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4.6 Power of a party to choose its witnesses |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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4.8 Calling a witness after the close of the case |
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56 | (1) |
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4.9 Judges' powers to call and examine witnesses |
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57 | (1) |
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4.10 Securing the attendance of witnesses |
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58 | (1) |
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4.11 Special measures directions |
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58 | (6) |
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64 | (2) |
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4.13 The vulnerable accused |
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66 | (3) |
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5 Corroboration and care warnings |
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69 | (7) |
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69 | (1) |
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5.2 Offences requiring corroboration |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (3) |
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5.4 Identification witnesses |
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74 | (1) |
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5.5 Sudden unexplained infant deaths |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (16) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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6.3 Refreshing memory before giving evidence |
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77 | (1) |
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6.4 Refreshing memory while giving evidence in court |
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77 | (5) |
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6.5 Previous consistent statements |
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82 | (6) |
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6.6 Previous inconsistent statements |
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88 | (1) |
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6.7 Unfavourable and hostile witnesses |
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89 | (3) |
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7 Cross-examination and re-examination |
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92 | (24) |
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92 | (1) |
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7.2 Liability to cross-examination |
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92 | (1) |
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7.3 Restrictions on cross-examination |
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93 | (7) |
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7.4 Consequences of failing to cross-examine |
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100 | (1) |
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7.5 Cross-examination as to credit |
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100 | (1) |
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7.6 Cross-examination and inadmissible evidence |
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101 | (1) |
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7.7 Cross-examination on documents |
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102 | (1) |
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7.8 Previous inconsistent statements |
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102 | (2) |
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7.9 Complainants in sexual cases |
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104 | (8) |
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7.10 The rule of finality |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (1) |
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8 Character evidence: civil proceedings |
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116 | (5) |
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116 | (1) |
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8.2 The relevance of character evidence |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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8.4 Persons other than parties to the proceedings |
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119 | (2) |
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9 Character evidence: the defendant in criminal proceedings |
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121 | (40) |
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121 | (1) |
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9.2 The defendant's good character |
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121 | (3) |
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9.3 The defendant's bad character |
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124 | (1) |
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9.4 Bad character under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 |
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125 | (4) |
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9.5 Agreement of the parties (s 101(1)(a)) |
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129 | (1) |
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9.6 Evidence adduced by the defendant (s 101(1)(b)) |
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129 | (1) |
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9.7 Important explanatory evidence (s 101(1)(c)) |
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130 | (2) |
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9.8 Important matters in issue between the prosecution and defence (s 101(1)(d)) |
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132 | (11) |
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9.9 Substantial probative value to an important matter in issue between a defendant and co-defendant(s) (s 101(1)(e)) |
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143 | (3) |
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9.10 Evidence to correct a false impression (s 101(1)(f)) |
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146 | (4) |
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9.11 A defendant's attack on the character of another person (s 101(1)(g)) |
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150 | (4) |
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9.12 Stopping the case where evidence is contaminated |
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154 | (1) |
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9.13 Offences committed when the defendant was a child |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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9.15 The duty to give reasons |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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9.17 Handling stolen goods (Theft Act 1968, s 27) |
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159 | (2) |
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10 Character evidence: persons other than the defendant in criminal proceedings |
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161 | (8) |
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10.1 Evidence of good character |
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161 | (1) |
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10.2 Evidence of bad character |
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161 | (7) |
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10.3 Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 100 and Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, s 41 |
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168 | (1) |
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11 The rule against hearsay: defining `hearsay' |
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169 | (14) |
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11.1 Introduction to hearsay evidence |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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11.3 Justifications for the rule against hearsay |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (3) |
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11.5 Hearsay in civil proceedings |
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175 | (1) |
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11.6 Hearsay in criminal proceedings |
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176 | (6) |
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11.7 The potential for injustice |
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182 | (1) |
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12 Hearsay evidence in civil proceedings |
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183 | (10) |
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183 | (1) |
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12.2 Admissibility of hearsay in civil proceedings |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (4) |
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12.4 Conditions of admissibility |
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188 | (1) |
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12.5 Proof of a hearsay statement |
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188 | (1) |
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12.6 Preservation of the common law rules |
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189 | (2) |
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12.7 Hearsay admissible under other statutory provisions |
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191 | (2) |
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13 Hearsay evidence in criminal proceedings |
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193 | (32) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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13.3 Admissibility under a statutory provision of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 |
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194 | (8) |
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13.4 Admissibility under preserved common law exceptions |
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202 | (8) |
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13.5 Admissibility by agreement |
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210 | (1) |
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13.6 Admissibility in the interests of justice |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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13.8 Article 6 of the ECHR |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (7) |
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13.10 Other statutory exceptions to the rule against hearsay in criminal cases |
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224 | (1) |
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14 Confessions and illegally or improperly obtained evidence |
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225 | (11) |
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225 | (1) |
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14.2 Confessions adduced by the prosecution |
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225 | (7) |
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14.3 Confessions adduced by a co-defendant |
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232 | (2) |
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14.4 Illegally or improperly obtained evidence other than confessions |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (19) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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15.3 Lies in criminal cases |
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238 | (2) |
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15.4 Silence in criminal cases |
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240 | (15) |
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16 Identification evidence |
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255 | (21) |
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255 | (1) |
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16.2 Identification evidence and miscarriages of justice |
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255 | (1) |
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16.3 The special need for caution---Turnbull warnings |
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256 | (1) |
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16.4 Form of a Turnbull warning |
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257 | (1) |
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16.5 Poor-quality identification evidence---submissions of no case |
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258 | (1) |
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16.6 Support for poor-quality identification evidence |
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259 | (1) |
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16.7 Situations in which a Turnbull warning may be unnecessary |
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259 | (2) |
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16.8 Appeals and identification evidence |
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261 | (1) |
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16.9 Establishing a link between the accused and the crime |
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262 | (14) |
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276 | (15) |
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276 | (1) |
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17.2 Witnesses of fact who offer their opinion |
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276 | (1) |
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17.3 Expert opinion evidence |
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277 | (14) |
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18 Judgments as evidence of the facts on which they are based |
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291 | (9) |
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291 | (1) |
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18.2 The rule in Hollington v F Hewthorn and Co Ltd |
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291 | (1) |
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18.3 The use of a previous judgment as evidence of the facts in a civil case |
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292 | (3) |
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18.4 The use of a previous judgment as evidence of the facts in criminal cases |
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295 | (5) |
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19 Privilege and public policy |
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300 | (23) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (14) |
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19.3 Public policy exclusion |
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314 | (9) |
Appendix 1 |
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323 | (2) |
Index |
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325 | |