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E-grāmata: Evidence

(Reader Emeritus in Law at the University of Cambridge. Fellow Emeritus at Peterhouse, Cambridge)
  • Formāts: 608 pages
  • Sērija : Core Texts Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192649607
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EvidencePalielināt
  • Formāts: 608 pages
  • Sērija : Core Texts Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192649607
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Munday's Evidence is a concise yet stimulating introduction to the key areas of the law of evidence. Vibrant and engaging, the book demystifies a traditionally intimidating subject. Careful analysis of the issues, both historic and current, ensures that the text thoroughly explores the 'core' of the subject.

Evidence is the ideal companion for those keen to grasp the core principles and current law of evidence.

Digital formats and resources

The eleventh edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources.

The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks

Guidance on answering the questions in the book can be found online.

Recenzijas

The ideal text for undergraduates...a perfect balance between presenting the most important aspects of law without over-simplifying * Jan Holloway, Associate Lecturer, Aberystwyth University * Excellent academic rigour and coverage...its academic weight and depth of analysis is its strength. * Susan Lazer, Subject Leader in Law, University of Huddersfield *

Table of cases
xix
Table of statutes
xl
Table of statutory instruments
xlviii
Table of international instruments
xlix
Introductory remarks on the law of evidence 1(12)
Origins of a `law of evidence'
2(2)
Properties of the law of evidence
4(8)
Envoi
12(1)
1 Relevance and admissibility of evidence
13(51)
The respective functions of judge and jury
14(4)
The concept of relevance
18(4)
Lifestyle evidence and drugs charges
19(2)
Fingerprint evidence
21(1)
The so-called `best evidence principle'
22(1)
Matters of which proof is unnecessary
23(5)
Judicial notice
23(5)
Formal admissions
28(1)
Judicial findings as evidence
28(10)
Estoppel
28(4)
Defence evidence of previous acquittals
32(1)
Convictions of non-defendants as evidence of commission of offences: Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, s 74
33(5)
Prejudicial evidence, unfairly obtained evidence, and suspect witnesses
38(19)
Judicial discretion to exclude relevant evidence
38(1)
Discretion to exclude evidence in criminal cases
38(9)
Discretion to exclude evidence in civil cases
47(2)
Judicial discretion in criminal cases to warn of the dangers of relying on the evidence of suspect witnesses: Makanjuola directions and cell confessions
49(8)
Evidence excluded as a matter of public policy
57(5)
Intercepted communications: Investigatory Powers Act 2016
57(5)
Further Reading
62(1)
Self-Test Questions
63(1)
2 Presumptions and the burden of proof
64(44)
Criminal and civil burdens of proof
65(1)
The `legal burden of proof and the evidential burden'
66(2)
The `tactical burden'
68(1)
The prosecution's legal burden of proof in criminal cases
69(2)
When the defendant in a criminal case bears the legal burden of proof
71(6)
Exceptions to the general rule: at common law: the defence of insanity imposes a burden of proof on the accused
71(1)
Exceptions to the general rule: statute may expressly decree that the defence bears the legal burden of proof
72(1)
Exceptions to the general rule: statute may impliedly cast the burden of proof on the defendant
73(4)
The standard of proof
77(2)
The evidential burden
79(3)
The judge's `invisible burden'
82(3)
The burden of proof when establishing the admissibility of evidence
85(1)
Presumptions and the incidence of the burden of proof
86(1)
Reversal of the burden of proof and the European Convention on Human Rights
86(20)
R v Lambert and the `reading down' of reverse burdens of proof
90(2)
Reverse burdens of proof after R v Lambert
92(3)
R v Lambert, R v Johnstone, and Sheldrake v DPP
95(2)
Criminal offences properly so-called and regulatory legislation
97(1)
The utility of human rights instruments other than the European Convention
98(5)
Statutes that create irrebuttable presumptions
103(1)
Statutes that impose strict liability
103(2)
Envoi
105(1)
Further Reading
106(1)
Self-Test Questions
106(2)
3 Witnesses: competence, compellability, and various privileges
108(34)
The competence of witnesses in civil and criminal cases
109(2)
Competence to testify in a civil case
109(1)
Competence to testify in a criminal case
109(2)
The compellability of witnesses
111(8)
The accused
112(1)
The accused's spouse or civil partner
113(6)
Sworn and unsworn evidence
119(1)
Privileges enjoyed by certain classes of witness
120(16)
The privilege against self-incrimination
120(3)
Legal professional privilege
123(11)
Common interest privilege
134(1)
`Without prejudice' privilege
135(1)
Public interest immunity
136(4)
Further Reading
140(1)
Self-Test Questions
140(2)
4 The course of the trial
142(53)
The right to begin
143(1)
The role of the judge
143(1)
The judge's right to call a witness
144(1)
Examination-in-chief
145(1)
Hostile witnesses
146(4)
Reluctance to testify
146(1)
Hostile witnesses and unfavourable witnesses
147(3)
Cross-examination
150(8)
Issue and credit, and the principle of collateral finality
153(5)
Re-examination
158(1)
Calling evidence relating to witnesses' veracity
158(5)
The Crown's right to reopen its case
163(2)
Special protections extended to various classes of witness in criminal cases
165(27)
Restrictions on the cross-examination of sexual complainants on their previous sexual histories
165(12)
Protection of sexual complainants, child witnesses, and others from cross-examination by the defendant in person
177(1)
The provision made for assisting the vulnerable at trial before the Crown Court or the Magistrates' Courts
178(1)
`Special measures directions' available to assist vulnerable and intimidated witnesses
178(14)
Vulnerable witnesses and parties in civil proceedings
192(1)
Further Reading
192(2)
Self-Test Questions
194(1)
5 Witnesses' previous consistent statements and the remnants of the rule against narrative
195(25)
The rule excluding previous consistent statements
195(20)
Exception 1: complaints by victims of crime (Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 120(4), (7), and (8))
196(8)
Exception 2: rebutting suggestions of concoction or afterthought (Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 120(2))
204(2)
Exception 3: res gestae
206(1)
Exception 4: previous statements of a party identifying or describing a person, object, or place (Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 120(5))
207(1)
Exception 5: supplementing deficiencies in the memory of witnesses (Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 139 and 120(6))
208(7)
Evidence-in-chief delivered by video recording (Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 137)
215(1)
Statements made by the accused when first taxed with incriminating facts
216(1)
Statements made by the accused when incriminating articles are recovered
217(1)
Further Reading
218(1)
Self-Test Questions
218(2)
6 Character and credibility
220(18)
Issue and credit
220(1)
The concept of `credibility'
221(1)
Bringing out the character of the parties and their witnesses
222(4)
Evidence relating to the character of one's own witness
222(3)
Evidence relating to the character of one's opponent's witness
225(1)
Introducing evidence of non-defendants' bad character: Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 100
226(10)
The defendant who alleges that a third party was the true culprit
236(1)
Further Reading
237(1)
Self-Test Questions
237(1)
7 Evidence of the defendant's good character in criminal cases
238(12)
Evidence of the defendant's good character
238(10)
What constitutes admissible character evidence?
239(1)
When will a defendant be considered of good character?
239(2)
The form of the good character direction
241(6)
Consequences of a defendant adducing evidence of good character
247(1)
Is evidence of the good character of prosecution witnesses ever admissible?
248(1)
Further Reading
249(1)
Self-Test Questions
249(1)
8 Evidence of the defendant's bad character
250(76)
Whether or not to admit evidence of a defendant's misconduct on other occasions
251(4)
I The admission of evidence of a defendant's bad character in criminal cases: Pt 11 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003
255(66)
Two important classes of situation that fall outside the bad character provisions
256(3)
Judicial discretion to exclude technically admissible bad character evidence
259(2)
What constitutes evidence of `bad character'?
261(4)
Acquittals may be admissible as `evidence of bad character'
265(3)
When is evidence of a defendant's bad character admissible under the 2003 Act?
268(2)
Situations in which bad character evidence becomes admissible under s 101: the seven gateways
270(43)
Contaminated evidence (s 107)
313(1)
The court's duty to give reasons for rulings on matters affecting bad character (s 110)
314(1)
Rules of court (sill)
314(1)
Jointly charged offences treated as separate proceedings (s 112(2))
315(1)
Appealing against trial court rulings and directions on bad character
316(1)
Surviving legislation allowing the Crown to adduce evidence of a defendant's wrongdoing and bad character
317(3)
Envoi
320(1)
II Similar fact evidence in civil cases
321(2)
Further Reading
323(1)
Self-Test Questions
324(2)
9 The opinion rule and the presentation of expert evidence
326(33)
The general rule excluding evidence of opinion
326(1)
Four exceptions to the opinion rule born of necessity
327(1)
The principal exception to the opinion rule: expert opinion
328(29)
Who may qualify as an expert witness?
331(5)
Matters on which an expert may deliver opinion evidence
336(1)
The expert's field of expertise
336(2)
Particular problems posed by opinion evidence proffered by psychiatrists, psychologists, et simil
338(3)
Cut-throat defences, and psychological and psychiatric opinion evidence
341(1)
The expert witness and the ultimate issue
342(1)
Experts do not testify only to matters of opinion
342(1)
Expert evidence and the hearsay rule
343(2)
Expert opinion evidence in civil cases
345(2)
Expert opinion evidence in criminal cases
347(1)
Scientific evidence: the presentation of DNA evidence
348(6)
Scientific evidence: the presentation of Bayes' theorem and instructing the jury in mathematical probabilities
354(3)
Further Reading
357(1)
Self-Test Questions
358(1)
10 The rule against hearsay
359(68)
The rationale underlying a rule against hearsay
359(2)
I Hearsay in criminal cases
361(60)
Defects in the rule against hearsay prior to the enactment of the Criminal Justice Act 2003
361(4)
What constitutes hearsay evidence under the Criminal Justice Act 2003?
365(5)
Exceptions to the rule against hearsay (s 114)
370(32)
Admissibility of `multiple hearsay' (s 121)
402(2)
Testing the credibility of makers of statements who do not testify (s 124)
404(1)
Stopping the case in which hearsay evidence is unconvincing (s 125)
405(1)
The court's discretion to exclude evidence in the interest of case management (s 126)
406(1)
Other statutory exceptions to the hearsay rule (s 114(1)(a))
407(2)
Human rights law, the rule against hearsay, and its exceptions (Art 6(3)(d))
409(8)
Anonymous witnesses: Coroners and Justice Act 2009, ss 86--96
417(4)
II Hearsay in civil proceedings
421(4)
Further Reading
425(1)
Self-Test Questions
425(2)
11 Confessions
427(40)
What constitutes a `confession' under PACE, s 82(1)?
429(1)
At common law, an accused's silence may amount to an admission
430(2)
Can a denial ever amount to a `confession' under PACE, s 82(1)?
432(3)
The conditions of admissibility of confessions under PACE
435(16)
A confession must be excluded if it has been obtained by oppression: PACE, s 76(2)(a)
438(1)
A confession must be excluded if it has been made in consequence of things said or done that might render it unreliable: PACE, s 76(2)(b)
439(3)
A confession may be excluded if its admission might reflect adversely on the fairness of the proceedings: PACE, s 78
442(9)
A confession may be excluded under the common law discretion retained in PACE, s 82(3) if the prejudicial effect of admitting it is likely to exceed its probative value
451(1)
What if the accused, having first made an inadmissible confession, later makes a further confession that is obtained by proper methods?
451(1)
Confessions made by mentally handicapped persons: PACE, s 77
452(1)
The admissibility of evidence discovered in consequence of an inadmissible confession
453(1)
Using an inadmissible confession to show that the accused speaks, writes, or expresses himself in a particular way
454(1)
The status of `mixed statements'
454(1)
An accused's statement to the police is not normally evidence against another co-accused
455(3)
An accused's right to use his co-accused's confession: PACE, s 76A
458(4)
Confessions by third parties, the prosecution, and the hearsay rule
462(2)
Further Reading
464(1)
Self-Test Questions
465(2)
12 Drawing adverse inferences from a defendant's omissions, lies, or false alibis
467(44)
I Inferences drawn from the defendant's silence
468(4)
Erosion of English law's traditional right of silence
468(2)
The right of silence and European human rights law
470(2)
II The silence provisions of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
472(33)
Section 34: the effect of the defendant's failure to mention facts when questioned or charged
472(2)
Failure to mention facts following legal advice
474(7)
Section 34 applies only to facts upon which the defendant subsequently relies at trial
481(3)
Directing the jury on s 34
484(5)
Inferences stemming from failures occurring after the police have sufficient evidence to charge a suspect
489(2)
Section 36: the effect of a defendant's failure or refusal to account for objects, substances, or marks
491(1)
Section 37: the effect of a defendant's failure or refusal to account for his presence in a particular place
492(1)
Section 35: drawing an adverse inference when the defendant elects not to give evidence at trial
493(5)
The silence provisions: an envoi
498(1)
The effect of a defendant's silence at common law
499(1)
The right of silence and evidence obtained under compulsion
500(5)
III Inferences drawn from lies told by the defendant: Lucas directions
505(3)
IV Inferences drawn from false alibis put forward by the defendant
508(1)
Further Reading
509(1)
Self-Test Questions
510(1)
13 Identification evidence
511(32)
The inherent unreliability of evidence of identification
511(1)
The Court of Appeal's decision in Turnbull
512(12)
Cases that must be withdrawn from the tribunal of fact
513(2)
The need to deliver a warning in the summing-up: the Turnbull direction
515(9)
Identification procedures and PACE Code D
524(6)
When must an identification procedure be held?
525(5)
Code D and the various methods of identification
530(9)
`Voice identification parades'
532(1)
Dock identifications
532(2)
Police photographs
534(1)
Identifications made from photographs and videotape
534(5)
Other assorted means of identification, including tracker dogs
539(1)
Further Reading
540(1)
Self-Test Questions
541(2)
Index 543
Roderick Munday is a Reader Emeritus in Law at the University of Cambridge. He is a Fellow Emeritus at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Along with Evidence, he is also the author of Cross and Tapper on Evidence (OUP: 2018) and Agency: Law and Principles (OUP: 2016) as well as a co-author of Commercial Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (OUP: 2020).
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