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E-grāmata: Evolution and Medicine

4.44/5 (12 ratings by Goodreads)
(Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics and the College, University of Chicago)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-May-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191637803
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Evolution and MedicinePalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-May-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191637803
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Evolution and Medicine provides an accessible introduction to the new field of evolutionary medicine. Evolutionary concepts help explain why we remain vulnerable to disease, how pathogens and cancer cells evolve, and how the diseases that affected our evolutionary ancestors have shaped our biology. The book interweaves the presentation of evolutionary principles with examples that illustrate how an evolutionary perspective enhances our understanding of disease. It discusses the theory of evolution by natural selection, the genetic basis of evolutionary change, evolutionary life history theory, and host-pathogen coevolution, and uses these concepts to provide new insights into diseases such as cystic fibrosis, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, and malaria, incorporating the latest research in rapidly developing fields such as epigenetics and the study of the human microbiome. The book concludes with a discussion of the ways in which recent, culturally constructed changes in the human environment are increasing the prevalence of man-made diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and are exacerbating socioeconomic disparities in health. Just as evolutionary biology is concerned with populations and with changes in populations over time, evolutionary medicine is concerned with the health of populations. Evolution and Medicine emphasizes the role of demographic processes in evolution and disease, and stresses the importance of improving population health as a strategy for improving the health of individuals. This accessible text is written primarily for physicians, biomedical scientists, and both premedical and medical students, and will appeal to all readers with a background or interest in medicine.

Recenzijas

In summary, Robert Perlmans Evolution and Medicine is packed with technical details, current research, and important discussions of a number of areas of concern in evolutionary medicine ... It is an excellent resource for those desiring to understand evolutionary medicine beyond the more generalized and popular writings * Wenda Trevathan, Reports of the National Center for Science Education * The book is written in a concise manner and the prose is clear, with minimal associated jargon. I would gladly recommend this volume to new medical students and practicing physicians alike, as it will surely help them to recognize the deeper evolutionary explanations behind many human diseases. * Daniel Promislow. Evolution, Medicine and Public Health. * It is good to see evolutionary medicine come into its own as a discipline, and I can recommend Evolution and Medicine to those looking for an overview of the foundations of this fascinating field. * American Journal of Human Biology * [ in this] lovely and highly welcome book Perlman brings an important dimension to this debate, which is that the implications for the understanding of medicine are important. His chapters on aging, cancer, host-pathogen coevolution, sexually transmitted diseases, malaria, gene-culture evolution, and man-made diseases are full of insighits. * Denis Noble, The Physiologist * Robert L. Perlman's Evolution and Medicine [ ..] offers a series of examples that beautifully illustrates the relevance of evolutionary thinking in medicine. * Pierre-Olivier Méthot, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences * The well-researched and documented work includes key up-to-date papers. It makes a nice introduction to this timely topic. * J. E. Platz, Choice * His [ Perlman] choice of subject is so astute, and his writing is so engaging and lucid that I plan to use it as a textbook. * Michael A. Bell, The Quarterly Review of Biology *

Abbreviations xii
1 Evolution and medicine
1(12)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 The theory of evolution by natural selection
3(4)
1.3 The different conceptual bases of medicine and evolutionary biology
7(4)
1.4 Why our evolutionary heritage has left us vulnerable to disease
11(2)
2 Human demography, history, and disease
13(16)
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Population growth: birth rates and death rates
13(2)
2.3 Population growth in age-structured populations: fertility rates
15(4)
2.4 Age-specific death rates
19(2)
2.5 History of human population growth
21(5)
2.6 The future of the human population
26(3)
3 Evolutionary genetics
29(14)
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Other evolutionary processes: mutation, genetic drift, and migration
30(3)
3.3 Genetic dominance
33(1)
3.4 Heterozygote advantage
34(1)
3.5 Pleiotropy and epistasis
35(1)
3.6 Linkage and hitchhiking
36(1)
3.7 Frequency dependent selection
36(1)
3.8 Epigenetic regulation of gene expression
37(1)
3.9 Population structure and mating patterns
38(1)
3.10 Genetic consequences of human evolutionary history
39(1)
3.11 Natural selection in human populations
40(3)
4 Cystic fibrosis
43(8)
4.1 Introduction
43(2)
4.2 CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
45(1)
4.3 Genotypic diversity and phenotypic heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis
46(1)
4.4 Relationship between genotype and phenotype
47(1)
4.5 Evolution of mutant CFTR alleles
48(3)
5 Life history tradeoffs and the evolutionary biology of aging
51(14)
5.1 Introduction
51(2)
5.2 The causes of death change through the life cycle
53(1)
5.3 What is aging?
54(1)
5.4 The life history theory of aging
55(2)
5.5 Genetic causes of aging
57(1)
5.6 Proximate causes of aging
58(1)
5.7 Somatic repair and the depletion of physiological capital
59(2)
5.8 Plasticity in rates of aging
61(1)
5.9 Developmental origins of health and disease
62(3)
6 Cancer
65(12)
6.1 Introduction
65(1)
6.2 Cancer as a disease of aging
65(1)
6.3 Regulation of cell growth and replication
66(3)
6.4 Selection for cells that escape normal growth controls
69(2)
6.5 Cancer progression
71(1)
6.6 Ecology of cancers
72(1)
6.7 Anti-cancer defenses
73(1)
6.8 Carcinogenesis and cancer prevention
74(3)
7 Host-pathogen coevolution
77(14)
7.1 Introduction
77(1)
7.2 Epidemiology of pathogen transmission
78(2)
7.3 Virulence and transmissibility
80(1)
7.4 Host-pathogen coevolution: hosts evolve in ways that minimize the fitness cost of pathogens
81(1)
7.5 Host-pathogen coevolution: pathogens evolve in ways that optimize their fitness
82(2)
7.6 Myxomatosis: a case study of host-pathogen coevolution
84(1)
7.7 Complexities in host-pathogen interactions
85(2)
7.8 Antibiotic resistance: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
87(3)
7.9 Manifestations of disease
90(1)
8 Sexually transmitted diseases
91(12)
8.1 Introduction
91(1)
8.2 The epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases
92(2)
8.3 Evolutionary responses of hosts to sexually transmitted pathogens
94(1)
8.4 Syphilis
95(3)
8.5 HIV/AIDS
98(5)
9 Malaria
103(12)
9.1 Introduction
103(1)
9.2 The life history of Plasmodium falciparum
103(3)
9.3 The natural history of malaria infections
106(2)
9.4 Ro, the basic reproductive number of P. falciparum
108(1)
9.5 Virulence of P. falciparum
109(1)
9.6 Evolution of P. falciparum and other malaria parasites
110(1)
9.7 Mosquitoes that transmit P. falciparum
111(1)
9.8 Effects of malaria on human evolution
112(2)
9.9 The future of malaria
114(1)
10 Gene-culture coevolution: lactase persistence
115(12)
10.1 Introduction
115(1)
10.2 Milk consumption
116(1)
10.3 A brief history of animal domestication and dairying
117(1)
10.4 The evolution of lactose synthesis and metabolism
118(2)
10.5 Lactase restriction and lactase persistence
120(2)
10.6 The coevolution of lactase persistence and dairying
122(5)
11 Man-made diseases
127(16)
11.1 Introduction
127(1)
11.2 Diet, obesity, and diabetes
128(3)
11.3 Salt intake and hypertension
131(3)
11.4 Elimination of old pathogens: the hygiene hypothesis
134(3)
11.5 Hierarchical societies and socioeconomic disparities in health
137(4)
11.6 Reducing the burden of man-made diseases
141(2)
Glossary 143(2)
References 145(14)
Index 159
Robert Perlman received an MD and a PhD (Biochemistry) from the University of Chicago and has had a career in academic medicine. He did research and taught at the National Institutes of Health, Harvard Medical School, and the University of Illinois at Chicago before returning to the University of Chicago. He has carried out research in a variety of fields, including the regulation of gene expression in bacteria and the biology of the sympathetic nervous system. He has been actively involved in medical education for most of his academic career and has taught courses on evolutionary medicine at the University of Chicago for over ten years.
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