This volume of the SeriesSpringerBriefs in Space Life Sciences summarizes the newest finding in the fieldof mental health and physiological exercise in Space. Currentlytwo major challenges are impacting human health in the western societies, onebeing a move towards a sedentary society, the second one being longevity. Bothhave a considerable impact on physical as well as mental health. Space lifescience research helps to understand the underlying degenerative physiologicaland neuro-psychological processes as living in space, living in microgravitycan be regarded as a time lapse of the sedentary and aging human being.Translational research of the past years has shown that exercise can beregarded as a key factor to counteract physical and mental deconditioning inspace, guaranteeing a holistic approach to health and a benefit to thesocio-demographic changes of our society.The book is written for scientists inbiomedicine, more specific in aging research, sports physiolo
gy andneurosciences.
Motor skills.- Adaptation of cartilage to immobilization.- Influence of Weightlessness on Aerobic Capacity, CardiacOutput and Oxygen Uptake Kinetics.- Enhancing mental health: Effectsof exercise on social well-being and social ill-being.- Neurocognitive and neuro-affectiveeffects of exercise.
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1 | (14) |
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1.2 Posture in Weightlessness |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Locomotion in Weightlessness |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 Manipulation in Weightlessness |
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5 | (2) |
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1.5 Motor Skills as a Constraint for Physical Exercise in Weightlessness |
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7 | (1) |
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1.6 Preflight Training of Physical Exercise |
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8 | (7) |
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10 | (5) |
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2 Adaptation of Cartilage to Immobilization |
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15 | (24) |
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2.2 Immobilization and Unloading in a Gravity Context |
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2.3 Structure and Function of Cartilage |
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2.4 Impact of Mechanical Loading on Cartilage Development, Growth, and Health |
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21 | (1) |
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2.5 Assessment of Cartilage Health In Vivo in Humans in Relation to Mechanical Loading |
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22 | (3) |
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2.6 Adaptations of Cartilage to Immobilization and Microgravity |
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25 | (5) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Space Flight-Related Research |
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2.7 Summary and Conclusions |
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30 | (9) |
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31 | (8) |
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3 Influence of Weightlessness on Aerobic Capacity, Cardiac Output and Oxygen Uptake Kinetics |
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39 | (24) |
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39 | (2) |
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3.2 Study of Aerobic Capacities Versus Study of Cardiopulmonary Regulation in Spaceflight |
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3.2.1 Aerobic Capacity and Weightlessness |
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47 | (4) |
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51 | (3) |
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3.3 Methodological Aspects of CPET During Spaceflight |
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54 | (5) |
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54 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Pulmonary Gas Exchange Analysis |
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55 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Heart Rate Monitoring |
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56 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Exercise Mode and Ergometer |
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56 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Exercise Test Protocols |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (4) |
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59 | (4) |
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4 Enhancing Mental Health: Effects of Exercise on Social Weil-Being and Social Ill-Being |
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63 | (30) |
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63 | (7) |
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4.1.1 Social Environment and Mental Health in Space |
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4.1.2 Definition of Social Well-Being |
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65 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Exercise and Social Well-Being |
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66 | (2) |
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4.1.4 Exercise and Social Ill-Being |
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4.1.5 Moderators of the Relationship Between Exercise and Well-Being or Ill-Being |
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4.2 Study 1: Enhancement of Social Well-Being---The Role of Task Interdependence |
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70 | (4) |
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4.3 Study 2: Reduction of Loneliness---The Role of Group Identification Within the Exercise Context |
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4.4 Study 3: Reduction of Aggressive Feelings---The Role of Movement Type and Task Interdependence |
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4.5.1 Social Relationship as a Moderator |
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4.5.2 Competition as a Moderator |
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4.5.3 Implications for Manned Spaceflight and Space Science |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (5) |
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5 Neurocognitive and Neuro-affective Effects of Exercise |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2 Physical Fitness in Space |
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5.3 Mental Fitness in Space |
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5.3.1 Cognitive Changes in Space |
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5.3.2 Affective Changes in Space and Analogue Environments |
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5.3.3 Underlying Neurophysiological Mechanisms |
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5.4 Countermeasures for Neurocognitive and Neuro-affective Changes in Space |
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5.4.2 Physical Activity/Exercise |
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5.5 Exercise in Space: Recommendations for the Future |
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Prof. Stefan Schneider is Director of the Zentrum für Integrative Physiology im Weltraum (ZiP) Center for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space. Cologne, Germany.
Dr. Vera Abeln is scientist and lecturer at the German Sport University Cologne at the Institute of Movement and Neurosciences with special interest in the effect of training interventions and active lifestyle on brain health.
Prof. Otmar Leo Bock is head of the Institute of Physiology and Anatomy at the German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Dr. Uwe Drescher is research associate at German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, Germany. He is involved in several projects dealing with exercise physiology with focus on cardio dynamic and pulmonary regulations as well as mathematical-physiological modelling. Dr. Drescher is member of the Zentrum für Integrative Physiology im Weltraum (ZiP) Center for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space. Cologne, Germany.
Dr. sportwiss. Uwe Hoffmann is senior researcher at German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, Germany. Since 1985 he is involved in Space physiology and assigned primary and co-investigator in several projects focused on exercise and training in Space and other extreme environments. His expertise are spiroergometric methods to evaluate metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular control. Dr. Hoffmann is member of the Zentrum für Integrative Physiology im Weltraum (ZiP) Center for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space. Cologne, Germany
Prof. Jens Kleinert is Head of the Institute of Psychology and Vice President for Learning and Teaching at the German Sport University Cologne. Central issues of his lab group are stress, emotion, motivation, and group processes in relation to exercise and sport.
Mrs. Jessica Koschate is research associate at the Institute of Physiology and Anatomy of the German Sport University in Cologne. Her research interests are related to the influences of changes in gravity, age and health status on cardiorespiratory regulations. Mrs. Koschate is member of the Zentrum für Integrative Physiology im Weltraum (ZiP) Center for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space. Cologne, Germany
Dr. Anna-Maria Liphardt is a research scientist at the Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology - of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), and at the Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics at the German Sport University Cologne. Dr. Liphardt is studying the influence of immobilization, microgravity and physical activity on cartilage and bone health in healthy subjects and patient cohorts.
PD Dr. Anja Niehoff is Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany and Head of the Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics atthe Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
Dr. Fabian Pels is a research assistant at the Institute of Psychology at the German Sport University Cologne. His research focus is on group processes in relation to exercise and sport.
Assist. Prof. Tobias Vogt is Head of Institute in the Institute of Professional Sport Education and Sport Qualifications at the German Sport University. Cologne, Germany.
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