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E-grāmata: Expanders for Oil and Gas Operations: Design, Applications, and Troubleshooting

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  • Formāts: 544 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-May-2014
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071799935
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Expanders for Oil and Gas Operations: Design, Applications, and TroubleshootingPalielināt
  • Formāts: 544 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-May-2014
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071799935
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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Effective methods for recovering gas energy using expandersExpanders for Oil and Gas Operations offers in-depth details on different types of expanders, addressing the background, mechanical design features, design and operating requirements, operational processes, and potential problems for each class of expander. The book also discusses rotor dynamics, vibration theory, material strength, life estimation, and probabilistic analysis. The information in this practical, illustrated resource will help you to maintain and improve existing expanders and implement design enhancements for increased expander capacity as well as lifespan and maximum energy reuse.

Comprehensive coverage includes:





CCU hot gas expanders Nitric acid expanders for chemical applications Turboexpanders/cryogenic turboexpanders Rotor dynamics Bladed disk vibration and reliability Damage in material and life analysis Probabilistic concept and risk assessment
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction 1(4)
2 CCU Hot Gas Expanders 5(128)
2.1 Historical Background
5(7)
2.2 Process Unit Descriptions and Applications
12(7)
2.3 Expander Applications
19(95)
2.4 Expander Performance
114(19)
3 Dirty Gas and Particle Separation 133(66)
3.1 Dirty Gas
133(2)
3.2 Particle Separation
135(10)
3.3 Expander Erosion
145(20)
3.4 CCU Expander Catalyst Deposition
165(15)
3.5 CCU Expander Corrosion
180(19)
4 CCU Expander Auxiliary Systems 199(34)
4.1 Expander Piping
199(1)
4.2 Structural Design Considerations
200(1)
4.3 Piping Pressure/"Blow-Off" Load
201(1)
4.4 Allowable Force and Moments
202(2)
4.5 Flange Design
204(2)
4.6 Fasteners
206(1)
4.7 Flange Gaskets
207(3)
4.8 Expansion Joints
210(3)
4.9 Lube Oil System
213(2)
4.10 Expander Cooling System
215(2)
4.11 Expander Sealing System
217(2)
4.12 Bearing Housing Seal System
219(1)
4.13 Expander Start-Up Steam
220(1)
4.14 Expander Casing and Duct Drains
221(1)
4.15 Online Expander Flow-Path Cleaning
222(1)
4.16 Abrasive Cleaning System
222(2)
4.17 Thermal Cleaning
224(1)
4.18 Online Blade Photography
225(4)
4.19 Supervisory Instrumentation
229(1)
4.20 Expander Alarm and Shutdowns
230(3)
5 Common Operational Problems and Failure Case Studies 233(26)
5.1 Plugging of Critical Flow Orifice
233(1)
5.2 Inlet and Piping Flange Failures
234(2)
5.3 Nose Cone Failures
236(2)
5.4 Expander Rotor Disc Failure-Corrosion
238(6)
5.5 Rotor Rubbing
244(2)
5.6 Expander Casing Drains
246(1)
5.7 Expander Online Cleaning
247(2)
5.8 Catalyst Deposition and Plugging
249(2)
5.9 Exhaust Diffuser Failure
251(1)
5.10 Expander Support: Unit Vibration
252(3)
5.11 Air-Blower Failures
255(4)
6 Nitric Acid Expanders for Chemical Applications 259(60)
6.1 Introduction
259(1)
6.2 Nitric Acid Process
260(4)
6.3 Machinery Selection
264(2)
6.4 Expander Selection and Design Considerations
266(8)
6.5 Nitric Acid Expander Design Considerations
274(1)
6.6 Expander Construction
275(2)
6.7 Expander Component Design
277(25)
6.8 Auxiliary Equipment
302(3)
6.9 Operational Considerations
305(2)
6.10 Maintenance
307(2)
6.11 Nitric Acid Expander Common Operational Problems
309(10)
7 Turboexpanders/Cryogenic Turboexpanders 319(20)
7.1 Introduction
319(1)
7.2 Historical Background
320(1)
7.3 Machinery Design and Configuration
321(13)
7.4 Process Descriptions and Applications
334(5)
8 Rotor Dynamics 339(10)
8.1 Introduction
339(1)
8.2 Introduction to Dynamics
340(1)
8.3 Procedural Steps in the Analysis
341(8)
9 Bladed Disc Vibration and Reliability 349(42)
9.1 Brief Description of Analytical Methods
350(7)
9.2 Vibration Behavior of Bladed Disc System
357(4)
9.3 Evaluation Concepts for Blade Resonant Vibration
361(11)
9.4 Effect of Mistuning of a Bladed Disc System on Vibration Response
372(7)
9.5 Special Topics Related to Reliability of the Expander Blade
379(6)
9.6 Reliability Evaluation of Blade Design
385(3)
9.7 Mathematical Expression of Work Done by Mistuned Force on a Mistuned System
388(3)
10 Damage in Material and Life Analysis 391(70)
10.1 Behavior of Material under Static Load
392(3)
10.2 Behavior of Material under Cyclic Loading
395(3)
10.3 Definition of Force
398(6)
10.4 Damage Mechanisms in Material
404(10)
10.5 Estimation of Component Life
414(16)
10.6 Life Evaluation during Creep Fatigue Interaction
430(5)
10.7 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
435(4)
10.8 Failure of Cracked Components Fracture Mechanics Approach
439(5)
10.9 Crack Growth during Thermal Cycle
444(2)
10.10 Creep Crack Growth
446(1)
10.11 Cumulative Damage
447(5)
10.12 Evaluation of Damage after Service
452(7)
10.13 Summary
459(2)
11 Probabilistic Concept and Risk Assessment 461(52)
11.1 Brief Probabilistic Theory Applied in the Design Process
462(7)
11.2 Probabilistic Aspect Leading to Estimation of Likelihood of Failure
469(2)
11.3 Basic Probabilistic Theory Using Limit Function
471(1)
11.4 Examples Pertaining to Expander Design
471(36)
11.5 Estimation of Business Risk
507(4)
11.6 Summary
511(2)
Bibliography 513(4)
References 517(4)
Index 521
Murari P. Singh, Ph.D., is the President of Safe Technical Solutions, Inc. (SAFETSOL). He has been involved in the design, development, and analysis of industrial turbomachinery for more than 40 years with Turbodyne Corporation, Dresser Industries, Dresser Rand Company, GE CONMEC, and most recently, GE Oil & Gas as Consulting Engineer.



Michael J. Drosjack, Ph.D., joined Shell Oil in 1975 as a member of the central Machinery Engineer Department in Houston, Texas. He retired from Shell in 2009 and since then has been a private machinery consultant. Through a variety of assignments over his Shell career, Dr. Drosjack was responsible for providing technical support for rotating and reciprocating machinery to Shell operations both upstream and downstream primarily in the U.S. but with responsibilities that extended around the world. He was chairman of the Shell U.S. Machinery Technical Network for many years.



David H. Linden is President of D.H. Linden Associates, Inc. He has 37 years of turbomachinery experience in a wide variety of areas that include hot gas expanders, steam turbines, axial compressors, power turbines, reliability, field engineering, and consulting. A renowned expert on FCC expanders, nitric acid expanders, and expander installations and applications, Linden has held positions as at steam turbine design engineer at Westinghouse Electric Corp, expander engineering supervisor and manager at Ingersoll-Rand, and founding partner of CONMEC, Inc.
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