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Experimental Combustion: An Introduction [Hardback]

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(Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 390 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 1500 g, 24 Tables, black and white; 156 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-May-2014
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1466517352
  • ISBN-13: 9781466517356
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Experimental Combustion: An IntroductionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 390 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 1500 g, 24 Tables, black and white; 156 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-May-2014
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1466517352
  • ISBN-13: 9781466517356
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781466517356.html
Keywords:
Fulfilling the need for a classical approach, Experimental Combustion: An Introduction begins with an overview of the key aspects of combustionincluding chemical kinetics, premixed flame, diffusion flame, and liquid droplet combustionfollowed by a discussion of the general elements of measurement systems and data acquisition and analysis. In addition to these aspects, thermal flow measurements, gas composition measurements, and optical combustion diagnostics are covered extensively.

Building upon this foundation in the fundamentals, the text addresses measurements, instruments, analyses, and diagnostics specific to combustion experiments, as well as:











Describes the construction, working principles, application areas, and limitations of the necessary instruments for combustion systems Familiarizes the reader with the procedure for uncertainty analysis in combustion experiments Discusses advanced optical techniques, namely particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser Doppler anemometry (LDA), and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) methods

From stoichiometry to smoke meters and statistical analysis, Experimental Combustion: An Introduction provides a solid understanding of the underlying concepts and measurement tools required for the execution and interpretation of practical combustion experiments.

Recenzijas

" other books available in this area do not cover the detailed topics covered here. Energy and combustion is a hot issue. It is expected to be even hotter with more demand in this area as we search for cleaner methods of energy conversion from chemical to thermal energy." Ashwani K. Gupta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA

"Providing a collection of measurement techniques that are generally never combined into one book makes this book unusual and valuable for anyone wanting to learn about various methods that could be used to characterize flame combustion or other gaseous combustion events." IEEE Electrical Insulation, November/December 2016

List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xxiii
Preface xxv
Author xxvii
1 Introduction to Combustion
1(42)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Definition of Fuel/Oxidizer
2(1)
1.3 Kinds of Fuels and Oxidizers
3(1)
1.4 Stoichiometry
4(2)
1.5 Ideal Gas Mixture
6(3)
1.6 Heat of Formation and Reaction
9(1)
1.7 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
10(3)
1.8 Chemical Kinetics
13(2)
1.9 Flame
15(1)
1.10 Premixed Flame
16(9)
1.10.1 Thermal Analysis of a Planar Laminar Flame
17(3)
1.10.2 Methods of Measuring Flame Speed
20(5)
1.11 Diffusion Flames
25(1)
1.12 Gaseous Jet Flame
26(5)
1.12.1 Physical Description of a Jet Flame
26(1)
1.12.2 Phenomenological Analysis
27(4)
1.13 Liquid Droplet Combustion
31(12)
1.13.1 Droplet Burning Time
33(3)
1.13.2 Droplet Combustion in Convective Flow
36(5)
References
41(2)
2 Elements of Measurement Systems
43(34)
2.1 Introduction
43(1)
2.2 What Is Measurement?
44(1)
2.3 Fundamentals of Measurement Methods
44(2)
2.4 Elements of Generic Measuring System
46(2)
2.5 Types of Transducers
48(1)
2.6 Basic Requirements of a Transducer
49(1)
2.7 Performance Characteristics of a Measuring Device
49(28)
2.7.1 Static Performance Characteristics
51(7)
2.7.2 Dynamic Performance Characteristics
58(17)
References
75(2)
3 Data Acquisition
77(40)
3.1 Introduction
77(1)
3.2 Data Acquisition System
78(2)
3.3 Signal Conditioning Systems
80(10)
3.3.1 Signal Amplifiers
81(4)
3.3.2 Operational Amplifier
85(4)
3.3.3 Differential Amplifier
89(1)
3.4 Signal Filtering System
90(10)
3.4.1 Analog Filters
92(5)
3.4.2 Active Filters
97(2)
3.4.3 Digital Filters
99(1)
3.5 Sampling and Data Acquisition
100(4)
3.6 A/D and D/A Conversion
104(8)
3.6.1 Digital-to-Analog Conversion
105(1)
3.6.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
106(2)
3.6.3 Successive Approximation A/D Converter
108(4)
3.7 Data Storage and Display
112(5)
References
115(2)
4 Data Analysis
117(34)
4.1 Introduction
117(1)
4.2 Critical Analysis of Experimental Data
118(1)
4.3 Experimental Error Analysis
118(2)
4.4 Uncertainty in Experimental Data
120(3)
4.5 General Uncertainty Analysis
123(4)
4.5.1 Applications of the Uncertainty Analysis
127(1)
4.6 Statistical Analysis of Data
127(8)
4.6.1 Normal Error Distribution
128(3)
4.6.2 Student's t Distribution
131(4)
4.7 Data Visualization and Analysis
135(1)
4.8 Graphical Analysis
136(2)
4.8.1 Choice of Graphical Format
136(2)
4.9 Regression Analysis
138(6)
4.9.1 Least-Square Regression Method
138(5)
4.9.2 Multivariable Regression Analysis
143(1)
4.10 Report Writing
144(7)
References
149(2)
5 Thermal Flow Measurements
151(64)
5.1 Introduction
151(1)
5.2 Pressure Measurement
152(8)
5.2.1 Manometers
153(4)
5.2.2 Elastic Pressure Transducers
157(1)
5.2.3 Dynamic Pressure Transducers
158(1)
5.2.4 Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers
159(1)
5.3 Sound Pressure Level Measurements
160(10)
5.3.1 Sound Measurement Devices
163(7)
5.4 Gas Velocity Measurements
170(12)
5.4.1 Pitot-Static Probe Method
172(3)
5.4.2 Three-Hole Probe
175(1)
5.4.3 Five-Hole Pitot Probe
176(2)
5.4.4 Hot Wire Anemometers
178(4)
5.5 Temperature Measurements
182(15)
5.5.1 Thermocouples
182(6)
5.5.2 Thermocouple Probes
188(2)
5.5.3 Temperature Corrections in a Bare Thermocouple
190(2)
5.5.4 Suction Pyrometers
192(2)
5.5.5 Unsteady Temperature Measurements
194(3)
5.6 Flow Meters
197(18)
5.6.1 Obstruction Flow Meters
198(4)
5.6.2 Variable Area Flow Meters
202(4)
5.6.3 Mass Flow Meters
206(7)
References
213(2)
6 Gas Composition Measurements
215(32)
6.1 Introduction
215(1)
6.2 Quantification of Composition
216(2)
6.3 Sampling Systems
218(7)
6.3.1 Sampling Probes
220(2)
6.3.2 Molecular Beam Sampling Probe
222(1)
6.3.3 Langmuir Probe
223(2)
6.4 Analytical Methods for Combustion Product Measurement
225(12)
6.4.1 Orsat Apparatus
225(1)
6.4.2 Flame Ionization Detector
226(2)
6.4.3 Thermal Conductivity Detectors
228(1)
6.4.4 Gas Chromatography
229(2)
6.4.5 Mass Spectroscopy
231(3)
6.4.6 Spectroscopic Technique
234(3)
6.5 Luminescence-Based Analyzer
237(3)
6.6 Electrochemical Gas Analyzers
240(1)
6.7 Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzers
241(2)
6.8 Smoke Meters
243(4)
References
246(1)
7 Optical Combustion Diagnostics
247(66)
7.1 Introduction
247(1)
7.2 Types of Light Sources
248(1)
7.3 Laser Lights
249(5)
7.3.1 Types of Lasers
251(1)
7.3.2 He-Ne Lasers
252(1)
7.3.3 Argon-Ion Lasers
252(1)
7.3.4 Nd-YAG Lasers
253(1)
7.3.5 Dye Lasers
253(1)
7.4 Basic Principles of Light Scattering
254(8)
7.4.1 Rayleigh Scattering
256(2)
7.4.2 Mie Scattering
258(2)
7.4.3 Bragg Scattering and Brillouin Scattering
260(1)
7.4.4 Raman Scattering
260(2)
7.4.5 Fluorescence Emission
262(1)
7.5 Flow Visualization
262(1)
7.6 Flame Visualization
263(2)
7.6.1 Luminous Photography
263(1)
7.6.2 Chemiluminescence Photography
264(1)
7.6.3 Optical Flame Visualization
265(1)
7.7 Light Refraction in an Inhomogeneous Medium
265(3)
7.8 Schlieren Methods
268(6)
7.8.1 Two-lens Schlieren Arrangement
268(5)
7.8.2 Twin-mirror Schlieren Arrangement
273(1)
7.9 Shadowgraph Methods
274(3)
7.10 Interferometry
277(5)
7.11 Laser-Based Optical Velocimetry
282(1)
7.12 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV)
283(9)
7.12.1 Doppler Effect
283(4)
7.12.2 Dual Beam LDV System
287(3)
7.12.3 Signal Processing and Data Analysis
290(2)
7.13 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
292(8)
7.13.1 Basic Principles of a PIV System
292(2)
7.13.2 Particle Image Locations
294(3)
7.13.3 Image Processing in PIV
297(1)
7.13.4 Seeding Particles for PIV
298(2)
7.14 Planar-Laser-Induced Fluorescence Method
300(6)
7.14.1 Concentration Measurement
301(3)
7.14.2 Details of the PLIF System
304(2)
7.15 Rayleigh Temperature Measurement
306(7)
References
311(2)
Appendix A 313(2)
Appendix B 315(2)
Appendix C 317(2)
Appendix D 319(2)
Appendix E 321(22)
Index 343
Dr. D. P. Mishra is a professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, where he has been instrumental in establishing a combustion laboratory. His areas of research include combustion, computational fluid dynamics, and atomization. He is also an assistant editor for the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Elsevier, USA, and serves as an editorial board member for several other international journals. He has been the recipient of several awards, including the Young Scientist Award, INSA-JSPS Fellowship, Sir Rajendranath Mookerjee Memorial Award, and Samanta Chadrasekhar Award. Dr. Mishra has six Indian patents and more than 178 research papers published in referred journals and conference proceedings. He has authored two textbooks titled Fundamentals of Combustion, published by Prentice Hall of India, and Engineering Thermodynamics, published by Cengage India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.