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E-grāmata: Explorations in Empirical Translation Process Research

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This book assembles fifteen original, interdisciplinary research chapters that explore methodological and conceptual considerations as well as user and usage studies to elucidate the relation between the translation product and translation/post-editing processes. It introduces numerous innovative empirical/data-driven measures as well as novel classification schemes and taxonomies to investigate and quantify the relation between translation quality and translation effort in from-scratch translation, machine translation post-editing and computer-assisted audiovisual translation.





The volume addresses questions in the translation of cognates, neologisms, metaphors, and idioms, as well as figurative and cultural specific expressions. It re-assesses the notion of translation universals and translation literality, elaborates on the definition of translation units and syntactic equivalence, and investigates the impact of translation ambiguity and translation entropy. The results and findings are interpreted in the context of psycho-linguistic models of bilingualism and re-frame empirical translation process research within the context of modern dynamic cognitive theories of the mind. The volume bridges the gap between translation process research and machine translation research. It appeals to students and researchers in the fields.
Part I Translation Technology, Quality and Effort
Editing Actions: A Missing Link Between Translation Process Research and Machine Translation Research
3(36)
Felix do Carmo
Word-Based Human Edit Rate (WHER) as an Indicator of Post-editing Effort
39(18)
Jie Huang
Michael Carl
What Do You Say? Comparison of Metrics for Post-editing Effort
57(24)
Cristina Cumbreno
Nora Aranberri
Measuring Effort in Subprocesses of Subtitling
81(32)
Anke Tardel
Part II Translation and Entropy
Information and Entropy Measures of Rendered Literal Translation
113(28)
Michael Carl
RedBird: Rendering Entropy Data and ST-Based Information into a Rich Discourse on Translation
141(24)
Haruka Ogawa
Devin Gilbert
Samar Almazroei
Entropy and Eye Movement: A Micro-analysis of Information Processing in Activity Units During the Translation Process
165(38)
Yuxiang Wei
Analyzing the Effects of Lexical Cognates on Translation Properties: A Multivariate Product and Process Based Approach
203(30)
Arndt Heilmann
Carme Llorca-Bofi
Part III Translation Segmentation and Translation Difficulty
Micro Units and the First Translational Response Universal
233(26)
Michael Carl
Metrics of Syntactic Equivalence to Assess Translation Difficulty
259(36)
Bram Vanroy
Orphee De Clercq
Arda Tezcan
Joke Daems
Lieve Macken
Using a Product Metric to Identify Differential Cognitive Effort in Translation from Japanese to English and Spanish
295(20)
Isabel Lacruz
Haruka Ogawa
Rika Yoshida
Masaru Yamada
Daniel Ruiz Martinez
Translating Chinese Neologisms Without Knowledge of Context: An Exploratory Analysis of an Eye-Tracking and Key-Logging Experiment
315(26)
Jinjin Chen
Part IV Translation Process Research and Post-cognitivism
Computation and Representation in Cognitive Translation Studies
341(16)
Michael Carl
Translation Norms, Translation Behavior, and Continuous Vector Space Models
357(32)
Michael Carl
A Radical Embodied Perspective on the Translation Process
389(18)
Michael Carl
Index 407
Michael Carl is a Professor at Kent State University/USA and Director of the Center for Research and Innovation in Translation and Translation Technology (CRITT). He has published widely in the fields on machine translation, natural language processing and cognitive translation studies. His current research interest is related to the investigation of human translation processes and interactive machine translation.