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1 Form-Focused Instruction: Providing the Theoretical Basis |
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1 | (28) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Defining Grammar: Types, Models, Attitudes |
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1 | (4) |
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1.3 Form-Focused Instruction: Preliminaries |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Form-Focused Instruction and Meaning-Focused Instruction |
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6 | (2) |
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1.5 Different Types of Knowledge |
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8 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5.3 The Interface Position |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (12) |
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12 | (6) |
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18 | (5) |
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23 | (4) |
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27 | (2) |
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2 Language Learning Strategies: A Theoretical Backdrop |
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29 | (36) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2 Defining Language Learning Strategies |
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30 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Conceptual Problems |
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32 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Characteristics of Language Learning Strategies |
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35 | (3) |
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2.3 Selected Factors Affecting the Choice and Use of Learning Strategies |
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38 | (20) |
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38 | (6) |
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44 | (4) |
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2.3.3 Learners' Background |
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48 | (3) |
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2.3.4 Situational, Individual and Social Variables |
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51 | (7) |
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2.4 MacIntyre's Social Psychological Model |
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58 | (3) |
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2.4.1 An Attempt at Defining Language Learning Strategies |
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58 | (1) |
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2.4.2 MacIntyre's Strategy Use Model |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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2.5 The Place of Strategies in a Cognitive Framework |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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3 Investigating Grammar Learning Strategies |
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65 | (28) |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2 Classifying Language Learning Strategies |
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66 | (7) |
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3.2.1 Bialystok's (1978) Taxonomy |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Rubin's (1981) Taxonomy |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Carver's (1984) Taxonomy |
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68 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Chesterfields' (1985) Taxonomy |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2.5 O'Malley et al.'s (1985b) Taxonomy |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Oxford's (1990) Taxonomy |
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70 | (2) |
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3.2.7 Stern's (1992) Taxonomy |
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72 | (1) |
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3.3 Grammar Learning Strategies |
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73 | (18) |
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3.3.1 Research into Grammar Learning Strategies |
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74 | (11) |
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3.3.2 Oxford et al.'s (2007) Grammar Strategy Classification |
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85 | (4) |
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3.3.3 Pawlak's (2010a) Classification Model |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (2) |
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4 Strategy Training and Research Methodology |
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93 | (34) |
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93 | (1) |
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4.2 Strategy Instruction in the Foreign Language Classroom |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (5) |
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4.3.1 Implementation and Intensity of the Training |
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96 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Separate Versus Integrated Instruction |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Direct Versus Embedded Instruction |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Instructional Implementation |
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99 | (1) |
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4.3.6 The Strategies to Be Taught |
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100 | (1) |
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4.4 Learners' Metacognition |
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101 | (2) |
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4.5 Requirements of Strategy-Based Instruction |
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103 | (1) |
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4.6 Strategy Training Models |
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103 | (4) |
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4.6.1 Ellis and Sinclair's (1989) Model |
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103 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Oxford's (1990) Model |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (5) |
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4.8 Investigating Learning Strategies |
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112 | (8) |
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113 | (2) |
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4.8.2 Self-report Questionnaires |
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115 | (2) |
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4.8.3 Diaries and Journals |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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4.8.5 Think-Aloud Protocols |
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119 | (1) |
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4.9 Types of Strategy Studies |
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120 | (4) |
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4.9.1 Correlational Studies |
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121 | (1) |
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4.9.2 Interventionist Studies |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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4.10 Studies in New Contexts |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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5 Exploring the Effects of Strategy Training in the Foreign Language Classroom |
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127 | (42) |
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127 | (1) |
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5.2 Strategy Training and the Acquisition of Emphatic Devices |
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127 | (20) |
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5.2.1 Choice of the Target Form |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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5.2.3 The Design of the Study |
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130 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Data Collection and Analysis |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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5.2.6 The Instructional Treatment |
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135 | (12) |
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5.3 Results and Discussion |
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147 | (21) |
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5.3.1 The Impact of Strategic Intervention and Its Durability as Measured on the Pre-tests, the Immediate and Delayed Post-tests |
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148 | (3) |
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5.3.2 The Training's Influence on the Frequency of General Strategy Use, Operationalized as the Results of the Sill Introduced Before and After the Treatment |
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151 | (5) |
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5.3.3 Grammar Strategies Employed by Advanced Learners of English |
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156 | (6) |
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5.3.4 Teachers' Attitude Towards Strategy Training |
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162 | (6) |
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168 | (1) |
Conclusions and Implications |
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169 | (6) |
Appendix A Pre-test |
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175 | (4) |
Appendix B Immediate Post-test |
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179 | (4) |
Appendix C Delayed Post-test |
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183 | (4) |
References |
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187 | |
Erratum |
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1 | |