List of Contributors |
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xvii | |
Editors |
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xxi | |
The Series Editor |
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xxiii | |
Series Preface |
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xxv | |
Part I: Introduction |
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1 | (26) |
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1 Governance Challenges Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events |
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3 | (20) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Facing hydrometeorological extreme events |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Definition and characteristics |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Impacts and adaptation |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Definition and characteristics |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Impacts and adaptation |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Coastal zone delimitation |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Definition and characteristics |
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13 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Impacts and adaptation |
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13 | (2) |
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1.6 Governance issues related to hydrometeorological extreme events |
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15 | (4) |
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1.6.1 Addressing governance issues |
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15 | (2) |
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1.6.2 Analytical framework based on adaptive governance |
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17 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Analytical framework based on risk governance |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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2 Overview of the Content of the Book |
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23 | (4) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
Part II: Floods |
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27 | (130) |
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II.1: Actors Involved in Flood Risk Management |
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29 | (26) |
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3 European Actors Facing Floods Risks |
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31 | (10) |
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3.1 European actors in the field of civil security: A competence which develops within a strict framework of cooperation between the Member States |
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32 | (2) |
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3.2 European actors in the field of the environment: Powers that are paradoxically limited |
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34 | (1) |
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3.2.1 The competence of EU actors |
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34 | (1) |
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3.2.2 The missions of EU actors |
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36 | (1) |
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3.3 European actors in the field of agriculture: Could there be specific powers to deal with floods? |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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4 Multi-actor, Multilevel Assessment of Social Capacity for Community Engagement in Flood Risk Preparedness: Results of Implementation in Five European Cases |
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41 | (14) |
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41 | (1) |
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4.1.1 Towards a multi-stakeholder flood risk management approach |
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41 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Social capacity building towards resilience |
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42 | (2) |
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4.2 Social capacity building framework for community engagement |
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44 | (1) |
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4.2.1 Social capacity definition |
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44 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Using civic capacity in flood-risk preparedness |
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45 | (1) |
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4.3 The capacity assessment tool |
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46 | (1) |
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4.4 Indicators and case findings |
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47 | (5) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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II.2: Strategies, Instruments, and Resources Used to Face Floods |
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55 | (44) |
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5 Flood Risks Perceptions and Goals/Ambitions |
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57 | (14) |
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57 | (1) |
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5.2 The problem stream: Perceptions on increased flood risks |
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58 | (2) |
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5.3 The policy stream: Perceptions on the solutions needed to deal with increased flood risks |
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60 | (2) |
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5.4 The political stream: Willingness to take action |
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62 | (1) |
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5.5 International policies |
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63 | (1) |
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5.6 European directives and policy documents |
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64 | (1) |
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5.7 Experiences with flood risk management in other countries |
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65 | (1) |
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5.8 Research on impacts and adaptation |
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65 | (1) |
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5.9 Economic costs (of inaction) |
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65 | (1) |
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5.10 Facilitating factors |
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66 | (1) |
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5.11 Factors contributing to agenda-setting |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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6 Instruments for Strategies to Face Floods through Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparation in Europe: The Age of Alignment |
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71 | (28) |
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71 | (1) |
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6.1.1 Recurring floods in Europe and risk management: A mounting dilemma |
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71 | (1) |
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6.1.2 From instruments to strategies: Definitions |
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72 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Five flood-management strategies |
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72 | (1) |
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6.1.4 The hard problem. Understanding the different combinations of flood-management instruments behind flood strategies in Europe |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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6.3 Comparison. Similarities and differences in flood instruments' implementation in Europe |
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77 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Prevention, a spatial planning oriented strategy |
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77 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Mitigation, a trend lacking strong instruments |
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80 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Preparation, a highly instrumentalized strategy |
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81 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Defence: A strategy relying on government-based instruments |
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83 | (1) |
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6.3.5 Recovery instruments based on political will |
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85 | (1) |
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6.4 Discussion. Political effects, power relations, and governance choices in flood management: What do flood instruments teach? |
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86 | (1) |
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6.4.1 Emerging trends in flood instruments and strategies |
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87 | (1) |
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6.4.2 A lack of alignment in flood instruments: What results in terms of flood public policies outcomes? |
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89 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Flood governance patterns Analysed Through the lens of instruments |
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90 | (4) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (4) |
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II.3: Lessons from Cases of Flood Governance |
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99 | (58) |
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7 A House of Cards: The Challenge of Establishing Societal Resilience to Flooding Through Multi-Layered Governance in England |
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101 | (14) |
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101 | (1) |
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7.2 Deciphering multi-layered governance |
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102 | (1) |
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7.2.1 Theoretical background |
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102 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Overview of flood risk governance in England |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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7.4 Flood-risk governance and implications for societal resilience |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Flood defence and mitigation |
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106 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Flood emergency management |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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7.5 Reflections on the 'house of cards' of flood risk governance |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (4) |
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8 Understanding Dutch Flood-Risk Management: Principles and Pitfalls |
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115 | (10) |
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115 | (1) |
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8.2 Historical background |
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116 | (1) |
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8.3 The concept of public interest |
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117 | (1) |
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8.4 Solidarity and subsidiarity |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (1) |
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8.6 Challenges and pitfalls |
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120 | (1) |
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8.7 Conclusion and recommendations |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (2) |
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9 Flood Governance in France: From Hegemony to Diversity in the French Flood-Risk Management Actors' Network |
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125 | (16) |
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9.1 Flood-risk management governance: A stakeholders' network still dominated by central government and municipalities |
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126 | (1) |
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9.1.1 The French central government, a major stakeholder for flood-risk management |
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126 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Municipalities are gaining competences for flood-risk management |
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128 | (3) |
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9.2 Inter-municipalities as new players within the French FRM governance |
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131 | (1) |
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9.2.1 Inter-municipalities, a long tradition in France |
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131 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Integrated inter-municipalities: New leading actors within FRM |
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132 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Defining flexible forms of inter-municipalities to support local FRM strategies |
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133 | (1) |
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9.3 Where are citizens in FRM? |
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134 | (1) |
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9.3.1 Citizens' involvement in FRM via prevention (vulnerability reduction), information, and crisis management policy instruments |
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135 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Urban planning in flood-prone areas: From conflict to cooperation |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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10 Flood-Risk Governance in Belgium: Towards a Resilient, Efficient, and Legitimate Arrangement? |
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141 | (18) |
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141 | (1) |
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10.2 Evaluation framework |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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10.4 Flood risk governance in Belgium |
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144 | (1) |
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10.4.1 The regional water system arrangements |
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144 | (1) |
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10.4.2 The flood preparation and recovery arrangement |
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145 | (1) |
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10.5 Comparing intrastate developments |
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145 | (1) |
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10.5.1 Spatial planning initiatives |
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146 | (1) |
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10.5.2 Coordination mechanisms |
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147 | (1) |
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10.5.3 Citizen engagement |
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148 | (1) |
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10.6 Evaluating resilience, efficiency, and legitimacy |
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149 | (1) |
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10.6.1 Impact on resilience |
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149 | (1) |
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10.6.2 Impact on efficiency |
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151 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Impact on legitimacy |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
Part III: Droughts |
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157 | (156) |
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III.1: Actors Involved in Drought Risk Management |
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159 | (30) |
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11 European Actors and Institutions Involved in Water Scarcity and Drought Policy |
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161 | (10) |
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161 | (1) |
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11.2 Actors in the European Union related to WS&D policy |
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162 | (1) |
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11.3 Roles and powers of European actors and institutions involved in WS&D policy |
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163 | (2) |
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11.4 Mapping European actors and institutions involved in WS&D policy |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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12 National and Local Actors of Drought Governance in Europe: A Comparative Review of Six Cases from North-West Europe |
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171 | (18) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (2) |
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12.3 Assessment of the national and local actors of drought governance |
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174 | (1) |
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12.3.1 The case of Eifel-Rur, Germany |
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174 | (1) |
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12.3.2 The case of Somerset, the United Kingdom |
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175 | (1) |
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12.3.3 The case of Vilaine, France |
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177 | (1) |
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12.3.4 The case of Flanders, Belgium |
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178 | (1) |
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12.3.5 The case of Twente, the Netherlands |
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180 | (1) |
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12.3.6 The case of Salland, The Netherlands |
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181 | (1) |
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12.4 Conclusions and recommendations |
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182 | (1) |
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12.4.1 Conclusions: What do we learn from the experiences in north-west Europe? |
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182 | (1) |
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12.4.2 Recommendations: How to improve the involvement of local and national actors in drought governance? |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (3) |
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III.2: Strategies, Instruments, and Resources Used to Face Droughts |
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189 | (30) |
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13 Awareness of Drought Impacts in Europe: The Cause or the Consequence of the Level of Goal Ambitions? |
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191 | (12) |
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191 | (1) |
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13.2 Drought governance analysis based on two methodological approaches |
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192 | (1) |
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13.2.1 The Governance Assessment Tool |
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192 | (1) |
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13.2.2 The study of water rivalries |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (2) |
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13.4 Case studies in the Mediterranean region |
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196 | (1) |
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13.5 Drought perceptions and goal ambitions in NWE |
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197 | (1) |
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13.6 Drought perceptions and goal ambitions in the Mediterranean region |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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14 Strategies and Instruments to Face Drought and Water Scarcity |
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203 | (16) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (3) |
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14.6 Discussion and overview |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (2) |
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III.3: Lessons from Cases of Droughts Governance |
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219 | (94) |
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15 Multilevel Governance for Drought Management in Flanders: Using a Centralized and Data Driven Approach |
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221 | (12) |
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221 | (1) |
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15.2 Water management in Flanders |
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222 | (2) |
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15.3 Past and future drought events |
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224 | (1) |
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15.4 Governance dimensions for Flemish drought management |
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225 | (1) |
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15.4.1 Administrative scales |
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225 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Inclusion of different actors and stakeholder groups |
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226 | (1) |
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15.4.3 Drought risk perceptions and goal ambitions |
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227 | (1) |
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15.4.4 Strategies and instruments for drought resilience |
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228 | (1) |
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15.4.5 Drought management responsibilities and available resources |
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229 | (1) |
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15.5 Summary and recommendations |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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16 Drought Governance in the Eifel-Rur Region: The Interplay of Fixed Frameworks and Strong Working Relationships |
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233 | (12) |
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233 | (1) |
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16.2 The water resources system in the Eifel-Rur region |
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234 | (2) |
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16.3 Beyond the water board: The role of other governance levels in Eifel-Rur's water management |
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236 | (1) |
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16.3.1 Water management in North-Rhine Westphalia |
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236 | (1) |
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16.3.2 The role of municipalities and lower water authorities in water management |
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236 | (1) |
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16.4 The drought perspective on Eifel-Rur's water governance |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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16.5 Conclusions: Factors for current and future success |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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17 Adaptation of Water Management to Face Drought and Water Scarcity: Lessons Learned from Two Italian Case Studies |
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245 | (16) |
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245 | (1) |
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17.2 Water management in Italy and the autonomous regime |
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246 | (1) |
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17.2.1 Changes in water legislation and hydraulic management since 2006 |
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246 | (1) |
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17.2.2 The specificities of the autonomous regime |
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247 | (1) |
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17.3 The Rio Mannu catchment |
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248 | (1) |
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17.3.1 Projections of the impacts of climate change |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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17.4.1 Projections of the impacts of climate change |
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251 | (1) |
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17.5 Comparative analysis and discussion |
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251 | (1) |
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17.5.1 Changes in water uses |
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251 | (1) |
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17.5.2 Saving water versus developing uses |
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252 | (1) |
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17.5.3 Adapting water management |
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253 | (1) |
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17.5.4 The divergence in the risk assessment by users and managers |
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254 | (1) |
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17.5.5 Low awareness of climate change |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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18 Power Asymmetries, Migrant Agricultural Labour, and Adaptation Governance in Turkey: A Political Ecology of Double Exposures |
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261 | (22) |
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261 | (2) |
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18.2 Double Exposures and political ecology of vulnerability |
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263 | (2) |
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18.3 Case study and methods |
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265 | (3) |
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18.4 A political ecology of Double Exposure in Kapi village |
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268 | (1) |
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18.4.1 Outcome Double Exposure in watermelon production |
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268 | (1) |
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18.4.2 Contextual Double Exposure and agricultural insurance |
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270 | (1) |
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18.4.3 Feedback Double Exposures and cost-shifting successes |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (6) |
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19 Drought Governance in Catalonia: Lessons Learnt? |
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283 | (18) |
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283 | (1) |
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19.2 Drought management in Spain |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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19.2.2 Administrative organization |
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286 | (1) |
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19.3 Drought management in Catalonia |
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287 | (2) |
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19.4 Drought crisis in Catalonia 2007-2008 |
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289 | (1) |
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19.4.1 Chronological milestones |
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289 | (1) |
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19.4.2 Public debates, adoption of measures, and actors involved |
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290 | (1) |
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19.4.3 Reflections on governance |
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292 | (4) |
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19.5 Drought planning in Catalonia after the crisis |
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296 | (2) |
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19.6 Deliberative public participation in drought management: Need, obligation, and opportunity |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (2) |
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20 What Could Change Drought Governance in Europe?: A Comparative Analysis between Two Case Studies in France and the UK |
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301 | (14) |
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301 | (1) |
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20.2 Vilaine catchment and Arzal dam |
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302 | (1) |
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20.3 Somerset Levels and moors |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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20.4.1 Governance Assessment Tool |
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303 | (1) |
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20.4.2 Contextual Interaction Theory |
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304 | (1) |
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20.4.3 Conducting the governance analysis |
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306 | (1) |
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20.5 Results and discussion |
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306 | (4) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
Part IV: Coastal And Wind Storms |
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313 | (170) |
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IV.1: Actors Involved in Coastal Risks Prevention and Management |
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315 | (24) |
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21 Sustainable Communities and Multilevel Governance in the Age of Coastal Storms |
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317 | (22) |
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21.1 Introduction: Addressing a social-ecological system |
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317 | (1) |
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21.2 Harmonizing coastal management, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation goals through meaningful public participation |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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21.2.2 International framework |
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319 | (3) |
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21.3 As a response, are national climate change strategies efficient enough? |
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322 | (5) |
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21.4 Key principles and responses for building sustainable, hazard-resilient communities |
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327 | (1) |
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21.4.1 Community's sense of ownership, at the core of planning and efficient implementation |
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328 | (1) |
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21.4.2 Governance trajectory |
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330 | (1) |
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21.4.3 Communities and partnerships |
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330 | (1) |
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21.4.4 Measuring recovery from disasters |
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332 | (3) |
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21.5 Conclusion: 'Hazard-resilient' communities vs. 'waves of adversity' |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (2) |
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IV.2: Strategies, Instruments, and Resources Used to Face Coastal Risks Prevention |
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339 | (52) |
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22 European Challenges to Coastal Management from Storm Surges: Problem-Structuring Framework and Actors Implicated in Responses |
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341 | (22) |
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22.1 Storm surge threats in European coasts |
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341 | (1) |
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22.1.1 European regions most impacted |
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341 | (1) |
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22.1.2 Management responses over the last century |
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343 | (3) |
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346 | (1) |
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22.2.1 An adapted problem-structuring framework to European coastal storms |
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346 | (1) |
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22.2.2 European legislative measures of response to climate change threats and coastal surges |
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348 | (1) |
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22.2.3 Actors involved in both pressures and responses |
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350 | (1) |
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22.2.4 Management measures |
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351 | (3) |
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22.3 Discussion and conclusions |
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354 | (1) |
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22.3.1 Challenges to coastal management from storm surges in Europe |
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354 | (1) |
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22.3.2 Management and governance aspects |
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355 | (1) |
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22.3.3 Economic and political aspects |
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356 | (1) |
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22.3.4 Societal aspects of flood protection |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (5) |
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23 Perceptions of Extreme Coastal Events: The Case of the French Atlantic and Mediterranean Coasts |
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363 | (28) |
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23.1 Contemporary society is increasingly unaware of risks related to the sea |
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365 | (1) |
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23.1.1 Residents and visiting populations relatively unaware of risks related to the sea |
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365 | (1) |
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23.1.2 Stakeholders from the political, professional, and associative spheres slightly more aware of coastal risks |
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371 | (1) |
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23.1.3 Past perceptions and representations were a closer match to the reality of marine risks |
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372 | (2) |
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23.2 Multiple factors behind the gradual dwindling of the 'culture of coastal risks' |
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374 | (1) |
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23.2.1 Practices and social representations of the sea increasingly detached from the notion of danger |
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374 | (1) |
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23.2.2 The gradual disempowerment of coastal societies |
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376 | (1) |
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23.2.3 The focus on coastal risks is proportional to the events experienced: The case of the French and North Sea coasts |
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377 | (1) |
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23.2.4 Inadequate information on coastal hazards and only recent scientific understanding of these phenomena |
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380 | (2) |
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23.3 What recommendations for public policy emerge from this research into the perceptions and representations of risks? |
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382 | (1) |
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23.3.1 Are preferences with regard to sea defence systems linked to the low risk culture? |
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382 | (1) |
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23.3.2 Sound knowledge of perceptions is vital in establishing relevant local policies |
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383 | (4) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (3) |
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IV.3: Lessons from Cases of Coastal Risks Governance |
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391 | (92) |
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24 After Xynthia on the Atlantic Coast of France: Preventive Adaptation Methods |
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393 | (20) |
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393 | (1) |
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24.2 A normal storm in terms of natural hazard but a major coastal flood due to the concomitance of the meteorological and marine agents |
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394 | (1) |
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24.2.1 Xynthia was a normal storm in terms of natural elements |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (2) |
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24.3 A tragic human and expensive material toll due to the addition of natural factors and management issues |
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396 | (1) |
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24.3.1 The problem of architecture |
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396 | (1) |
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24.3.2 The problem of dykes |
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396 | (1) |
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24.3.3 The age of the population |
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397 | (1) |
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24.3.4 The problem of urbanization and local policy |
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397 | (1) |
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24.4 Post-Xynthia policy: A new strategy for coastal management in France |
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397 | (3) |
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24.5 Life-saving maps: New geographical tools for a better coastal management |
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400 | (1) |
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24.5.1 Water depth assessment |
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400 | (1) |
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24.5.2 Link between water depth and architectural typology |
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401 | (1) |
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24.5.3 Assessment of potentially lethal houses for inhabitants: The VIE index |
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402 | (3) |
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24.6 Discussion about these different methods |
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405 | (2) |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (5) |
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25 Coastal Flooding and Storm Surges: How to Improve the Operational Response of the Risk Management Authorities: An Example of the CRISSIS Research Program on the French Coast of Languedoc |
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413 | (20) |
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413 | (4) |
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25.2 The coastal flood hazard and its likely evolution |
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417 | (1) |
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25.2.1 Materials and methods |
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418 | (1) |
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25.2.2 Results and discussion |
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420 | (1) |
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25.3 Vulnerability of the stakes |
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420 | (1) |
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25.3.1 Materials and methods |
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421 | (1) |
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25.3.2 Results and discussion |
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421 | (2) |
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25.4 Social representations and perceptions of the coastal flooding risk |
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423 | (1) |
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25.4.1 Materials and methods |
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423 | (1) |
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25.4.2 Results and discussion |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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25.5.1 Materials and methods |
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425 | (1) |
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25.5.2 Results and discussion |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (3) |
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26 Lessons Learnt from Coastal Risks Governance on Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, France |
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433 | (28) |
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433 | (2) |
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26.2 Context of the study |
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435 | (1) |
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26.2.1 Geographical setting |
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435 | (1) |
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26.2.2 Characteristics of TC Bejisa |
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438 | (1) |
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26.2.3 Material and methods |
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440 | (2) |
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26.3 Impacts of TC Bejisa and post-cyclone stakeholders' responses |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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26.3.2 Responses by local authorities and coastal residents |
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449 | (3) |
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26.4 Key findings and challenges for adaptation to climate change |
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452 | (1) |
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26.4.1 Efficiency of the cyclone alert system |
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452 | (1) |
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26.4.2 Urgent need for practical engagement and action by local authorities |
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453 | (1) |
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26.4.3 Design diversified, context-specific risk reduction strategies |
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454 | (1) |
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26.4.4 Promote adaptation |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (4) |
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27 Lessons from Cases of Coastal Risks Governance in the United Kingdom |
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461 | (24) |
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27.1 Introduction: Windstorms and their impacts in the UK |
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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27.1.3 Tracks of windstorms |
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462 | (1) |
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27.1.4 Impacts of windstorms |
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462 | (1) |
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27.1.5 Secondary impacts of windstorms |
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463 | (1) |
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27.2 Events that have shaped governance of natural disasters in the UK |
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464 | (1) |
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27.2.1 Background to the governance of coastal windstorm protection: The 1953 flood |
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464 | (1) |
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27.2.2 Background to the governance of storm warnings: The 1987 storm |
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468 | (3) |
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27.3 New developments in the warning environment |
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471 | (1) |
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27.3.1 Changing exposure and vulnerability |
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471 | (1) |
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27.3.2 Changing forecasting capability |
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471 | (1) |
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27.3.3 Changing governance |
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471 | (1) |
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27.3.4 Introduction of impact-based warnings |
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471 | (1) |
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27.3.5 Changing roles and crisis planning |
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472 | (1) |
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27.3.6 Changes in flood forecasting and warning |
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473 | (1) |
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27.4 How the warning systems work now |
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473 | (1) |
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27.4.1 UK Coastal Monitoring and Forecasting (UKCMF) |
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473 | (1) |
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27.4.2 National Severe Weather Warning Service |
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474 | (1) |
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27.4.3 Civil contingency advisors |
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475 | (1) |
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27.4.4 Naming of windstorms |
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475 | (1) |
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27.4.5 Responsibility for health warnings |
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475 | (1) |
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27.4.6 Operation of warning systems in the stormy winter of 2013-2014 |
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476 | (1) |
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27.5 Current and future issues |
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477 | (1) |
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27.5.1 Mental health impacts of storms |
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477 | (1) |
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27.5.2 Renewable power generation |
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477 | (1) |
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27.5.3 Making space for water |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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27.5.5 Improving the skill of forecasts and the response to warnings |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (4) |
Part V: Conclusions, Perspectives |
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483 | (22) |
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28 Hydrometeorological Extreme Events' Effects on Populations: A Cognitive Insight on Post-Traumatic Growth, Resilience Processes and Mental Well-Being |
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485 | (14) |
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485 | (2) |
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28.2 Resilient ecological systems for a psychological concept |
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487 | (1) |
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28.3 Psychosocial factors and post-traumatic growth |
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487 | (1) |
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28.4 Building resilience to mitigate social vulnerability |
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488 | (2) |
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28.5 Post-traumatic growth: Training for preventive psychological strategies |
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490 | (1) |
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28.6 Modern initiatives to coordinate a global governance |
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491 | (3) |
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28.7 The EU coordination to build up integrated resilient governance to decrease impacts on health and wellbeing due to hydrometeorological extreme events |
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494 | (1) |
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28.8 Elements of conclusion |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (3) |
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29 Overview of Multilevel Governance Strategies for Hydrometeorological Extreme Events |
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499 | (6) |
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29.1 Governance specificities depending on hydrometeorological extreme events |
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500 | (2) |
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500 | (1) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (1) |
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29.2 Actor systems facing hydrometeorological extreme events |
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502 | (2) |
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29.3 Perception and strategies |
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504 | (1) |
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504 | (1) |
Index |
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505 | |