| Foreword |
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xvii | |
| Contributors |
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xix | |
| 1 Handling, Restraint, and Preanesthetic Assessment |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (8) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Intubation and Airway Management |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (2) |
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Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (3) |
| 2 Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology |
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17 | (18) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (5) |
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17 | (2) |
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Cardiac Electrical Conductivity |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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Central Nervous System (CNS) Anatomy |
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25 | (1) |
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Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy |
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26 | (1) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) |
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26 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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Renal Blood Flow and Autoregulation |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Hepatic Metabolism and Pharmacology of Anesthetics, Analgesics, and Sedatives |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
| 3 Sedation and Premedication |
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35 | (14) |
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35 | (1) |
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Drugs used for Sedation in Cats |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Diazepam versus Midazolam |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Agonists of slpha2-Adrenergic Receptors |
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40 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
| 4 Injectable Anesthetics and Induction of Anesthesia |
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49 | (18) |
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49 | (1) |
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General Considerations for Induction of Anesthesia |
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50 | (1) |
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Drugs used for Induction of Anesthesia |
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51 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Dissociative Anesthetics (Ketamine and Tiletamine) |
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55 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Induction with Volatile Anesthetics |
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60 | (1) |
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Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Injectable-only Protocols |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
| 5 Local Anesthetics and Loco-regional Techniques |
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67 | (22) |
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67 | (1) |
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Physicochemical and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Local Anesthetics |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Factors Influencing Onset and Duration of Action |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (6) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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Eutectic Mixture of Lidocaine and Prilocaine |
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73 | (1) |
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Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (4) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Treatment of Systemic Toxicity |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Techniques for Nerve Location |
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77 | (1) |
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Local Anesthetic Techniques |
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78 | (7) |
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78 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Inferior Alveolar (Mandibular) Nerve Block |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Peribulbar and Retrobulbar Blocks |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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Brachial Plexus (using ENS) |
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80 | (2) |
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Metacarpal/Metatarsal "Ring" Block |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Sciatic and Femoral Nerve Block (using the ENS Technique) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (9) |
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84 | (1) |
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Intraperitoneal and Incisional Anesthesia |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
| 6 Inhalation and Balanced Anesthesia |
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89 | (16) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Balanced Anesthetic Techniques |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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Intravenous Administration |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Transdermal Administration |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Balanced Anesthesia Summary |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (2) |
| 7 Monitoring |
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105 | (18) |
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105 | (1) |
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Clinical Monitoring using Physical Senses ("Hands On") |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (5) |
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Doppler Ultrasound Probe, Pressure Cuff, and Sphygmomanometer |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (9) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (5) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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Use and Interpretation of the Capnogram |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (2) |
| 8 Fluid Therapy |
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123 | (16) |
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123 | (1) |
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Feline Physiology and Pathology with regard to Fluid Therapy |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (3) |
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Dehydration versus Hypovolemia |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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Urethral or Ureteral Obstruction |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (4) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
| 9 Anesthetic Management of Special Conditions |
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139 | (20) |
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139 | (1) |
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Urethral Obstruction and Uroabdomen |
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139 | (4) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (2) |
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) |
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143 | (2) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Emergencies |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Idiopathic Hepatic Lipidosis |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
| 10 Anesthetic Complications |
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159 | (24) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (6) |
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Complications from Intubation |
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163 | (4) |
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Respiratory Insufficiency |
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167 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (4) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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Airway Obstruction and Hypoxemia |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Postanesthetic Renal Failure |
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177 | (1) |
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) |
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177 | (3) |
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Recognition of Cardiopulmonary Arrest |
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178 | (1) |
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Treatment - Basic Life Support |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
| 11 Mechanisms of Pain |
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183 | (16) |
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183 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Modulation in Tissues |
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183 | (3) |
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Mechanisms of Modulation in Peripheral Nerves |
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186 | (2) |
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Mechanisms of Modulation in The Spinal Cord |
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188 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Modulation in the Brain |
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189 | (2) |
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The Role of Glial Cells (Glia, Neuroglia) and the Immune System |
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191 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Cancer Pain |
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192 | (3) |
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Pain caused by Cancers in Bone |
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192 | (2) |
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Secretion of Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Responses |
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194 | (1) |
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Central Nociceptive Mechanisms |
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195 | (1) |
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Pain from Cancer Treatment |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
| 12 Assessment and Recognition of Acute Pain |
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199 | (22) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (7) |
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Physiological Indicators of Pain |
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200 | (1) |
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Mechanical Threshold Testing |
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200 | (1) |
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Attributes of Pain-Assessment Tools |
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201 | (5) |
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Behavior-based Indicators of Pain |
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206 | (6) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Response to Touch, Pressure, and Palpation |
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208 | (1) |
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Attention to the Wound or Painful Site |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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Appetite and Elimination Behaviors |
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211 | (1) |
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Other Factors to Consider in an Overall Assessment |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Using Response to Treatment as a Diagnostic Tool |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Personality, Fear and Stress |
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213 | (3) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Using Pain-assessment Tools |
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216 | (1) |
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Continued Assessment at Home |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
| 13 Treatment of Acute (Adaptive) Pain |
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221 | (20) |
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221 | (1) |
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Challenges in Feline Pain Management |
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222 | (1) |
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Principles of Pain Management |
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223 | (4) |
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Nonpharmacological Therapies in Acute Pain Management |
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227 | (2) |
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Pharmacological Therapy in Acute Pain Management |
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229 | (8) |
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229 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) |
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231 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Agonists of a2-Adrenergic Receptors |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (9) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (4) |
| 14 Assessment and Recognition of Chronic (Maladaptive) Pain |
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241 | (16) |
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241 | (3) |
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Common Causes of Chronic Pain |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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Implications for Quality of Life |
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246 | (2) |
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Stepwise Approach for Assessment and Recognition of Chronic Pain in Cats in the Clinical Setting |
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246 | (2) |
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The Concept of Analgesic Challenge |
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248 | (1) |
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Assessing Chronic Pain in Specific Conditions |
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248 | (7) |
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Degenerative Joint Disease and Osteoarthritis |
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248 | (4) |
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248 | (2) |
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Orthopedic Examination and Goniometric Measurements |
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250 | (1) |
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Clinical Signs versus Radiographic Signs |
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251 | (1) |
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Other Conditions causing Chronic Pain |
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252 | (9) |
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252 | (1) |
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Persistent Postsurgical Pain |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Chronic Pain Syndrome after Feline Onychectomy |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Feline Orofacial Pain Syndrome |
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254 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Conditions |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Diabetes-induced Neuropathy |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
| 15 Treatment of Chronic (Maladaptive) Pain |
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257 | (24) |
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257 | (1) |
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Client Communication: A Crucial Component of Treatment for Chronic Painful Conditions |
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258 | (1) |
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Challenges in the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Cats |
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258 | (3) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) |
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263 | (4) |
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264 | (1) |
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Clinical Use in Cancer Pain |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Emerging Analgesic Modalities |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Nonpharmacological Treatment |
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272 | (1) |
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Physical Activity and Weight Control |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Physical Therapy, Massage, Acupuncture, and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) |
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273 | (3) |
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Physical Therapy and Massage |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation |
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275 | (1) |
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Monitoring for Treatment Efficacy |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) |
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Physical Activity and Weight Control |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (3) |
| Index |
|
281 | |
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