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E-grāmata: Field Guide to Clean Drinking Water: How to Find, Assess, Treat, and Store It

4.20/5 (10 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Aug-2019
  • Izdevniecība: The Experiment LLC
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781615195688
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Aug-2019
  • Izdevniecība: The Experiment LLC
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781615195688
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A potentially lifesaving guide on how to find and prepare safe drinking water in extreme situations, ranging from backpacking treks to natural disasters

Humans can only survive three days without water, and most of the world’s water is not safe for drinking. What happens when a person’s water supply is unsafe? This frightening question is a real concern for backpackers who venture into territories with unstable water access. And for the many people who enjoy learning outdoor survival skills—whether seriously or for fun—understanding methods to filter or distill water, with minimal use of equipment, is of plenty interest, too.

Biologist, survival expert, and author Joe Vogel’s scientifically backed, practical, and easy-to-understand handbook offers lifesaving advice on how to find, assess, treat, and store safe drinking water in the most extreme places, ranging from hurricane-ravaged cities to remote deserts. Small enough for hikers to take with them on treks but broad enough to cover all relevant options for finding and purifying water, Vogel’s book is a vital manual for anyone hitting the trail, or otherwise unable to take clean water for granted.
Preface x
1 Basics 1(28)
Water and its role
3(6)
Water's purpose in the body
4(2)
From dehydration to exsiccosis
6(2)
Hyperhydration-water poisoning
8(1)
Water in emergencies-and while traveling
9(20)
Water requirement
10(4)
Formula for the calculation of the daily water requirement
10(2)
Model calculation for moderate consumption
12(1)
Model calculation for high consumption
12(2)
Water on trekking tours
14(1)
Reserves and rationing
15(8)
Water stores
17(1)
Water stores as domestic reserves
18(2)
Water stores as emergency provisions
20(3)
Drinking properly
23(15)
Dealing with a water emergency
25(1)
Water stress
26(1)
Water shortage
26(1)
Water crisis
26(3)
2 How to find water 29(46)
Properties of water
31(3)
How to read terrain structures
34(4)
Indicators for the presence of water
38(4)
Important indicators for moist soil
40(2)
Potential groundwater locations
42(1)
Wells
43(2)
Infiltration wells
44(1)
Suction wells
45(1)
Other sources
45(20)
Freshwater lenses
45(3)
Submarine freshwater sources
48(3)
Ice and snow
51(3)
Model calculation for two people with 3.5 liters drinking water each
53(1)
Humidity-dew
54(8)
Dew point
55(1)
Extracting water from the air
56(1)
Fog catchers
57(1)
Collecting dew
58(1)
Dew in the tent
59(1)
Further condensation methods
60(2)
Precipitation
62(2)
Cisterns and roof stores
64(1)
Water from food
65(10)
Water from plants
67(4)
Transpiration
67(2)
Extraction
69(1)
Simple Collection
70(1)
Water from animals
71(4)
3 How to assess water 75(56)
Properties of raw water
79(7)
Turbidity
79(3)
Discoloration
82(2)
Sensory assessment
84(2)
Raw water vs. drinking water
86(2)
Pathogens
88(16)
Viruses
88(4)
Rotaviruses
90(1)
Hepatitis A
90(2)
Bacteriophages
92(1)
Bacteria
92(6)
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae/EI Tor)
95(1)
Typhoid (Salmonella Typhi), paratyphoid (Salmonella Paratyphi), salmonellosis (Salmonella enterica), and others
95(1)
E. coli (EHEC, ETEC, and similar bacteria)
96(2)
Single-celled organisms and parasites
98(5)
Cryptosporidia (Cryptosporidium parvum and others)
98(1)
Giardia (Giardia duodenalis)
99(1)
Amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica/Dispar)
100(1)
Multicellular parasite larvae (e.g., Schistosoma haematobium, Trichobilharzia ocellata)
101(2)
Blue-green algae
103(1)
Chemical components of raw water
104(16)
Sodium chloride (table salt)
107(6)
Salinity levels of the seas
111(1)
Determining salinity
112(1)
Other minerals and heavy metals
113(2)
Radioactivity
115(3)
Nitrite, nitrate, and other nitrogen compounds
118(1)
Pesticides and other organic compounds
119(1)
The saprobic index
120(11)
Indicator species
123(1)
Trophic state
124(1)
Assessing water quality
125(10)
Indicator organisms
128(3)
4 How to make water safe to drink 131(70)
Preparation methods
135(6)
Sedimentation
135(1)
Heat precipitation
136(1)
Oxygen precipitation
137(1)
Chemical precipitation
137(2)
Decanting
139(1)
Prefiltration
139(1)
Nonwoven fabric filters
140(1)
Disinfection
141(34)
Drip filtration
141(8)
Filter housing
142(1)
Sediment filtration
143(2)
Clay pot filtration
145(1)
Candle filters
146(3)
Suction filters
149(1)
Backpacking water filters
149(4)
Hollow fiber filters
153(1)
Minisart filters
154(1)
Charcoal filters
155(2)
Boiling
157(3)
Solar heat
160(1)
UV radiation
161(6)
Electric UV radiation
162(2)
SODIS
164(3)
Chemical disinfection
167(8)
Iodine
168(2)
Chlorine dioxide
170(1)
Hypochlorites
171(2)
MOS (mixed oxidant solution)
173(2)
Desalination
175(26)
Reverse osmosis
175(4)
Functionality
177(2)
Passive osmosis
179(1)
Distillation
180(11)
Improvised distillation methods
184(7)
Small water supply systems
191(2)
Home water supply systems
192(1)
Filter housing
193(2)
Filtration stages
193(1)
Pressure system
194(1)
Stationary systems
195(14)
Stationary UV radiation
198(3)
5 How to preserve and store water 201(18)
Recontamination
204(2)
Tyndallization
206(1)
Repeated SODIS
206(1)
Chilling and shading
207(1)
Silver ions and other chemical substances
207(1)
Emergency water pouches
208(1)
Transport and storage containers
209(6)
Stationary storage tanks
210(1)
Mobile medium-size storage containers
211(2)
Bottles and drinking vessels
213(2)
Improvised transportation and storage methods
215(12)
Storage ponds
215(1)
Emergency containers
216(3)
Conclusion 219(4)
Acknowledgments 223(4)
Appendix 227(6)
Drinking water and diseases
229(3)
Water treatment process
232(1)
Glossary 233(4)
Index 237(15)
About the Author 252
Biologist and author Joe Vogel has spent years traveling the remotest regions of earth and mastering knowledge of plants, animals, and elements otherwise at risk of being lost. He teaches a wide range of survival skills through his courses, videos, and books, of which this is the second to be published in English.