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E-grāmata: Fifty Years of Peeling Away the Lead Paint Problem: Saving Our Children's Future with Healthy Housing

(Chief Scientist, National Center for Healthy Housing, IL, USA)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780443187377
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780443187377
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Fifty Years of Peeling Away the Lead Paint Problem: Saving Our Children's Future with Healthy Housing documents the history of childhood lead poisoning from paint between 1970 and 2022. Tracing the failure of the medical model (treatment after exposure) that marked the 1970s and 1980s and its replacement with a prevention housing-focused effort, the book documents the changes in health, housing and environmental science and policy. It is the first book to examine how the lead poisoning law in the U.S. was passed in 1992 and later implemented, with implications for the future, in particular, the emergence of a healthy housing movement.

The book describes the roles played by Congress, various administrations, agencies, local governments, the private sector, researchers, and a popular citizen's movement, especially parents. The role of the courts is discussed, including a controversial lead paint case on research ethics in Baltimore through an environmental justice lens. This book is the first to examine another recent case in California, where ten local jurisdictions established a precedent by successfully suing the lead paint industry to help pay for abatement.

  • Elucidates sources and pathways of lead paint exposure
  • Details how the environment, housing and public health sectors can best collaborate with researchers and citizens to develop and implement change in housing and health
  • Contains new stories and archived scientific data not available elsewhere
About the author xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xxv
Acknowledgments xxix
A short summary: lead is a long-lasting insidious poison xxxi
Part 1 Paralysis and the abject failure to address lead paint before 1985
Chapter 1 Banning lead paint: the missed opportunity
3(32)
1.1 The beginning
3(1)
1.2 Finger pointing--food versus gasoline versus paint versus bad landlords versus bad parents
4(7)
1.3 "It's right in front of you--it's the paint!"
11(2)
1.4 Inadequate measurement methods obscure the lead paint problem
13(4)
1.5 Where lead was used
17(1)
1.6 The first international lead paint ban
18(3)
1.7 How the US government changed from promoting lead paint to banning it
21(4)
1.8 Lead-free versus lead-safe
25(2)
1.9 Toxicity research and intervention solution research
27(1)
References
28(7)
Chapter 2 Early failures and the seeds of success
35(26)
2.1 Limitations of the Medical Model: The 1971 Lead Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
36(1)
2.2 Treatment versus prevention
36(5)
2.3 Surveillance and population surveys
41(2)
2.4 Reagan's "New Federalism": lead poisoning disappears from the policy agenda
43(1)
2.5 Where was the housing profession?
44(1)
2.5.1 Decent safe and sanitary housing
44(1)
2.6 Early lead paint removal efforts backfire
45(4)
2.7 Housing codes fail to regulate lead paint
49(1)
2.8 Housing law and public housing
50(2)
2.9 Lawsuits and affordable housing
52(1)
2.10 Seeds of success: new pathway studies reveal the importance of lead dust from paint
53(2)
2.11 Time for change
55(1)
References
55(6)
Part 2 Breaking the Barriers to Progress (1986-2001)
Chapter 3 Solutions take shape: the lead paint Title X law
61(52)
3.1 Science, policy, and practice meet--an unlikely venue
62(5)
3.2 Bombshell report to Congress: "corrective actions have been a clear failure"
67(2)
3.3 Congress tries again: the 1987 Housing Act and the 1988 Stewart McKinney Amendments
69(2)
3.4 Leaders in public housing take action: the birth of lead paint risk assessments
71(4)
3.5 A scandal prompts Congress to create the HUD lead paint office
75(4)
3.6 Moving remediation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Department of Housing and Urban Development: The 1990 Public Housing Guidelines
79(5)
3.7 Sticker shock: The Department of Housing and Urban Development's comprehensive and workable plan
84(1)
3.8 A new Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning marshals political will
85(3)
3.9 The nation's health secretary declares lead poisoning the number one childhood environmental disease over White House objections
88(1)
3.10 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues public health strategic plan and new medical guidance
88(3)
3.11 Congress acts: Title X of the 1992 Housing and Community Development Act
91(11)
3.11.1 Moving from reaction to prevention
94(2)
3.11.2 Creating the workforce
96(1)
3.11.3 Seven principal purposes
97(1)
3.11.4 Using science to define "lead paint hazard"
97(1)
3.11.5 Show me the money: new Congressional appropriations for private housing
98(1)
3.11.6 Reforming housing regulations
98(1)
3.11.7 The right to know
99(2)
3.11.8 Renovation, repair, and painting
101(1)
3.12 Bringing science to bear: a new National Center for Lead-Safe Housing brings health and housing together
102(3)
3.13 Confidence emerges
105(1)
References
105(8)
Chapter 4 Growing pains--new regulations, enforcement, capacity, and proof emerge
113(74)
4.1 The 1995 rescission and bringing science to the Department of Housing and Urban Development
114(8)
4.2 The 1995 Department of Housing and Urban Development lead paint guidelines
122(4)
4.3 The Title X task force fills in the gaps
126(3)
4.4 The fight over lead dust standards
129(11)
4.4.1 "Model" wars
135(5)
4.5 Do the new remediation methods work?
140(7)
4.6 The struggle to reform all federal housing lead paint regulations
147(15)
4.6.1 Cold feet
159(3)
4.7 Improved lead paint testing--how government stimulated private innovation
162(3)
4.8 National lead laboratory accreditation program
165(1)
4.9 First enforcement actions
166(8)
4.10 Mustering the proof
174(1)
References
175(12)
Chapter 5 The Nation Acts: community organizing, a 10-year solution from the President's Cabinet, and political sabotage
187(56)
5.1 Parents and communities
188(6)
5.2 The Campaign for a Lead-Safe America
194(6)
5.3 The Community Environmental Health Resource Center
200(3)
5.4 Community groups and the press
203(3)
5.4.1 Advocates and scientists
204(2)
5.5 The President's Cabinet approves a 10-year strategy, 2000-10
206(13)
5.5.1 Lead paint industry interference
215(3)
5.5.2 Why the 2010 goal was not achieved
218(1)
5.6 Political sabotage
219(12)
5.6.1 Attack and counterattack at HUD, 2004
219(8)
5.6.2 Attempted elimination of the CDC lead program, 2012
227(4)
References
231(12)
Chapter 6 Research ethics and the Grimes court case
243(48)
6.1 The context: lead poisoning and the courts
243(5)
6.1.1 The Kennedy Krieger Institute and health research
245(2)
6.1.2 City Homes and affordable housing
247(1)
6.2 Legal and scientific evidence
248(4)
6.3 Research ethics and protection of research study participants
252(2)
6.4 The Baltimore lead paint abatement and repair and maintenance study
254(6)
6.5 The Grimes decision
260(10)
6.5.1 Therapeutic and nontherapeutic research
261(2)
6.5.2 Protecting children or putting them in harm's way?
263(1)
6.5.3 New ground
264(1)
6.5.4 Parents versus the court of appeals
264(1)
6.5.5 Institutional review boards
265(1)
6.5.6 Special duty
265(1)
6.5.7 Informed consent
266(1)
6.5.8 The facts in the case
267(1)
6.5.9 Confusion on lead dust testing methods
267(1)
6.5.10 Federal oversight
268(1)
6.5.11 The Appeals Court comparison to Nazi and Tuskegee research
269(1)
6.6 Ethics in housing intervention research
270(6)
6.7 The best of intentions or the best of community-based science?
276(4)
6.8 Environmental justice and community participation in research
280(1)
6.9 The legacy of the Maryland Court of Appeals Grimes decision
281(2)
References
283(8)
Part 3 The new consensus (2001--22)
Chapter 7 If "you make a mess, you have to clean it up"- the Rhode Island and California court decisions
291(22)
7.1 Local jurisdiction lawsuits against the lead paint industry
291(4)
7.2 The Rhode Island court decision, 1999-2008
295(4)
7.2.1 Public nuisance law
297(2)
7.3 The California court decision, 2000-2022
299(7)
7.4 The industry fights back
306(2)
7.5 The new consensus
308(1)
References
309(4)
Chapter 8 The US and international healthy homes movement
313(38)
8.1 The detective scientists who solved the Cleveland mold mystery
313(6)
8.2 The Department of Housing and Urban Development healthy homes report to Congress
319(6)
8.3 The Surgeon General's Call to Action
325(1)
8.4 Assembling the evidence
326(4)
8.4.1 Does it work? A systematic review of housing interventions and health
329(1)
8.5 The formation of the National Safe and Healthy Housing Coalition
330(1)
8.6 The World Health Organization Healthy Homes Movement
331(8)
8.7 "A Kid Who Grew Up in Public Housing"
339(2)
Appendix: Vilnius Declaration
341(4)
References
345(6)
Chapter 9 Reframing health, environment, and housing
351(22)
9.1 Health: reframing communicable and noncommunicable disease
351(3)
9.2 Environment: reframing the shared commons
354(5)
9.3 Housing: reframing wealth, affordability, and equity
359(7)
9.4 Toward a healthy housing consensus
366(2)
References
368(5)
Chapter 10 Conclusion: the triumph of science and citizen action over policy paralysis
373(24)
10.1 Knowing and doing
373(4)
10.2 Two steps forward, one step back
377(2)
10.3 The Find It, Fix It, Fund It campaign
379(4)
10.4 Getting the housing market to work
383(1)
10.5 Getting government to work
384(1)
10.6 Getting the procedures right and recruiting the necessary expertise
385(1)
10.7 Strategic plans
386(2)
10.7.1 A new forecast to eliminate lead paint poisoning by 2027
388(1)
10.8 The influence of industry
388(1)
10.9 Nine lessons from lead paint poisoning prevention
389(2)
10.10 Ending a policy paralysis paradox
391(1)
References
392(5)
Appendix 1 US government agencies involved in lead paint 397(2)
Appendix 2 Honor role-leaders in lead paint poisoning prevention and healthy housing 399(18)
Glossary 417(4)
Index 421
Dave Jacobs led the US childhood lead poisoning prevention efforts from 1995-2004, when he directed the lead paint and healthy homes office at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The rare scientist to work across the housing, health, and environmental fields, Dr. Jacobs helped design, reform and implement evidence-based policies, laws, and regulations that together with mobilized citizens and parents protected millions of children from lead poisoning. Currently Chief Scientist at the National Center for Healthy Housing, he holds appointments in the Schools of Public Health at the University of Illinois Chicago and Johns Hopkins University and has testified before Congress, most recently in August 2021. He is Director of the US Collaborating Center for Healthy Housing Research and Training for the World Health Organization. He has more than a hundred peer-reviewed papers and book chapters. He holds degrees in technology and science policy, environmental health, engineering, and political science and is board certified in occupational health.