Preface and acknowledgements |
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xx | |
Guided tour of MyAccountingLab |
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xxv | |
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Part 1 INCOME AND ASSET VALUE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS |
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1 | (98) |
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1 Accounting and reporting on a cash flow basis |
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3 | (19) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 What skills does an accountant require in respect of external reports? |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.5 What skills does an accountant require in respect of internal reports? |
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5 | (1) |
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1.6 Procedural steps when reporting to internal users |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.8 Illustration of periodic financial statements prepared under the cash flow concept to disclose realised operating cash flows |
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8 | (4) |
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1.9 Illustration of preparation of statement of financial position |
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12 | (2) |
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1.10 Treatment of non-current assets in the cash flow model |
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14 | (1) |
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1.11 What are the characteristics of these data that make them reliable? |
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15 | (1) |
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1.12 Reports to external users |
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16 | (6) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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2 Accounting and reporting on an accrual accounting basis |
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22 | (18) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2 Historical cost convention |
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23 | (1) |
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2.3 Accrual basis of accounting |
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24 | (1) |
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2.4 Mechanics of accrual accounting - adjusting cash receipts and payments |
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24 | (1) |
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2.5 Subjective judgements required in accrual accounting - adjusting cash receipts in accordance with IAS 18 |
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25 | (2) |
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2.6 Subjective judgements required in accrual accounting - adjusting cash payments in accordance with the matching principle |
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27 | (1) |
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2.7 Mechanics of accrual accounting - the statement of financial position |
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28 | (1) |
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2.8 Reformatting the statement of financial position |
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28 | (1) |
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2.9 Accounting for the sacrifice of non-current assets |
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29 | (3) |
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2.10 Reconciliation of cash flow and accrual accounting data |
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32 | (8) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (2) |
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3 Income and asset value measurement: an economist's approach |
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40 | (19) |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2 Role and objective of income measurement |
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40 | (3) |
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3.3 Accountant's view of income, capital and value |
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43 | (3) |
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3.4 Critical comment on the accountant's measure |
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46 | (1) |
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3.5 Economist's view of income, capital and value |
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47 | (6) |
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3.6 Critical comment on the economist's measure |
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53 | (1) |
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3.7 Income, capital and changing price levels |
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53 | (6) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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4 Accounting for price-level changes |
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59 | (40) |
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59 | (1) |
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4.2 Review of the problems of historical cost accounting (HCA) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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4.4 The concepts in principle |
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60 | (1) |
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4.5 The four models illustrated for a company with cash purchases and sales |
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61 | (4) |
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4.6 Critique of each model |
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65 | (3) |
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4.7 Operating capital maintenance - a comprehensive example |
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68 | (11) |
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4.8 Critique of CCA statements |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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4.10 The IASC/IASB approach |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (15) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (9) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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Part 2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - AN ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE UNIFORMITY |
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99 | (156) |
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5 Financial reporting - evolution of global standards |
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101 | (28) |
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101 | (1) |
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5.2 Why do we need financial reporting standards? |
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101 | (1) |
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5.3 Why do we need standards to be mandatory? |
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102 | (2) |
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5.4 Arguments in support of standards |
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104 | (1) |
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5.5 Arguments against standards |
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104 | (1) |
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5.6 Standard setting and enforcement in the UK under the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) |
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105 | (1) |
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5.7 The Accounting Standards Board (ASB) |
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106 | (1) |
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5.8 The Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) |
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106 | (2) |
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5.9 Standard setting and enforcement in the US |
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108 | (1) |
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5.10 Why have there been differences in financial reporting? |
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109 | (4) |
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5.11 Efforts to standardise financial reports |
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113 | (4) |
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5.12 What is the impact of changing to IFRS? |
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117 | (1) |
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5.13 Progress towards adoption by the USA of international standards |
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118 | (1) |
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5.14 Advantages and disadvantages of global standards for publicly accountable entities |
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119 | (1) |
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5.15 How do reporting requirements differ for non-publicly accountable entities? |
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119 | (4) |
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5.16 Evaluation of effectiveness of mandatory regulations |
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123 | (2) |
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5.17 Move towards a conceptual framework |
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125 | (4) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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6 Concepts - evolution of a global conceptual framework |
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129 | (27) |
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129 | (1) |
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6.2 Historical overview of the evolution of financial accounting theory |
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130 | (4) |
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6.3 FASB Concepts Statements |
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134 | (3) |
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6.4 IASC Framework for the Presentation and Preparation of Financial Statements |
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137 | (1) |
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6.5 ASB Statement of Principles 1999 |
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138 | (11) |
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6.6 Conceptual framework developments |
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149 | (7) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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7 Ethical behaviour and implications for accountants |
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156 | (30) |
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156 | (1) |
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7.2 The meaning of ethical behaviour |
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156 | (2) |
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7.3 Financial reports - what is the link between law, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and ethics? |
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158 | (1) |
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7.4 What does the accounting profession mean by ethical behaviour? |
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159 | (2) |
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7.5 Implications of ethical values for the principles versus rules based approaches to accounting standards |
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161 | (2) |
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7.6 The principles based approach and ethics |
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163 | (1) |
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7.7 The accounting standard-setting process and ethics |
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164 | (1) |
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7.8 The IFAC Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants |
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165 | (3) |
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7.9 Ethics in the accountants' work environment - a research report |
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168 | (1) |
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7.10 Implications of unethical behaviour for financial reports |
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169 | (3) |
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7.11 Company codes of ethics |
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172 | (2) |
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7.12 The increasing role of whistle-blowing |
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174 | (4) |
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7.13 Why should students learn ethics? |
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178 | (8) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (2) |
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8 Preparation of statements of comprehensive income and financial position |
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186 | (37) |
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186 | (1) |
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8.2 The prescribed formats - the statement of comprehensive income |
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187 | (7) |
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8.3 The prescribed formats - the statement of financial position |
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194 | (3) |
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8.4 Statement of changes in equity |
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197 | (1) |
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8.5 Has prescribing the formats meant that identical transactions are reported identically? |
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198 | (3) |
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8.6 The fundamental accounting principles underlying statements of comprehensive income and statements of financial position |
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201 | (1) |
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8.7 What is the difference between accounting principles, accounting bases and accounting policies? |
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201 | (5) |
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8.8 What does an investor need in addition to the financial statements to make decisions? |
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206 | (17) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (10) |
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222 | (1) |
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9 Annual Report: additional financial statements |
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223 | (32) |
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223 | (1) |
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9.2 The value added by segment reports |
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223 | (1) |
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9.3 Detailed review and evaluation of IRFS 8 - Operating Segments |
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224 | (8) |
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9.4 IFRS 5 - meaning of `held for sale' |
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232 | (1) |
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9.5 IFRS 5 - implications of classification as held for sale |
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232 | (1) |
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9.6 Meaning and significance of `discontinued operations' |
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233 | (2) |
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9.7 IAS 10 - Events after the reporting period |
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235 | (2) |
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9.8 Related party disclosures |
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237 | (18) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (11) |
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253 | (2) |
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Part 3 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION - EQUITY, LIABILITY AND ASSET MEASUREMENT AND DISCLOSURE |
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255 | (292) |
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10 Share capital, distributable profits and reduction of capital |
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257 | (26) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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10.3 Total owners' equity: an overview |
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258 | (1) |
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10.4 Total shareholders' funds: more detailed explanation |
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259 | (3) |
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10.5 Accounting entries on issue of shares |
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262 | (1) |
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10.6 Creditor protection: capital maintenance concept |
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263 | (1) |
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10.7 Creditor protection: why capital maintenance rules are necessary |
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264 | (1) |
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10.8 Creditor protection: how to quantify the amounts available to meet creditors' claims |
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264 | (1) |
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10.9 Issued share capital: minimum share capital |
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265 | (1) |
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10.10 Distributable profits: general considerations |
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265 | (2) |
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10.11 Distributable profits: how to arrive at the amount using relevant accounts |
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267 | (1) |
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10.12 When may capital be reduced? |
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267 | (1) |
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10.13 Writing off part of capital which has already been lost and is not represented by assets |
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268 | (5) |
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10.14 Repayment of part of paid-in capital to shareholders or cancellation of unpaid share capital |
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273 | (1) |
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10.15 Purchase of own shares |
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274 | (9) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (5) |
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282 | (1) |
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11 Off balance sheet finance |
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283 | (29) |
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283 | (1) |
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11.2 Traditional statements - conceptual changes |
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283 | (1) |
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11.3 Off balance sheet finance - its impact |
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284 | (2) |
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11.4 Illustrations of the application of substance over form |
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286 | (3) |
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11.5 Provisions - their impact on the statement of financial position |
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289 | (8) |
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11.6 ED IAS 37 Non-financial Liabilities |
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297 | (6) |
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11.7 ED/2010/1 Measurement of Liabilities in IAS 37 |
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303 | (1) |
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11.8 Special purpose entities (SPEs) - lack of transparency |
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304 | (1) |
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11.9 Impact of converting to IFRS |
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305 | (7) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (31) |
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312 | (1) |
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12.2 Financial instruments - the IASB's problem child |
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312 | (3) |
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12.3 IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation |
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315 | (5) |
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12.4 IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement |
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320 | (10) |
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12.5 IFRS 7 Financial Statement Disclosures |
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330 | (3) |
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12.6 Financial instruments developments |
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333 | (10) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (4) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (32) |
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343 | (1) |
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13.2 Greater employee interest in pensions |
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343 | (1) |
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13.3 Financial reporting implications |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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13.5 Defined contribution pension schemes |
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346 | (1) |
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13.6 Defined benefit pension schemes |
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347 | (2) |
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13.7 IAS 19 (revised) Employee Benefits |
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349 | (1) |
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13.8 The liability for pension and other post-retirement costs |
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349 | (3) |
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13.9 The statement of comprehensive income |
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352 | (1) |
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13.10 Comprehensive illustration |
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353 | (2) |
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13.11 Plan curtailments and settlements |
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355 | (1) |
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13.12 Multi-employer plans |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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13.14 Other long-service benefits |
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356 | (1) |
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13.15 Short-term benefits |
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357 | (1) |
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13.16 Termination benefits |
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358 | (1) |
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13.17 IFRS 2 Share-Based Payment |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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13.19 Recognition and measurement |
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360 | (1) |
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13.20 Equity-settled share-based payments |
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360 | (3) |
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13.21 Cash-settled share-based payments |
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363 | (1) |
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13.22 Transactions which may be settled in cash or shares |
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363 | (1) |
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13.23 Transitional provisions |
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364 | (1) |
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13.24 IAS 26 Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans |
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364 | (11) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (4) |
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374 | (1) |
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14 Taxation in company accounts |
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375 | (29) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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14.3 Corporation tax systems - the theoretical background |
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376 | (1) |
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14.4 Corporation tax systems - avoidance and evasion |
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377 | (3) |
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14.5 Corporation tax - the system from 6 April 1999 |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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14.7 IAS 12 - accounting for current taxation |
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382 | (2) |
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384 | (8) |
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14.9 FRS 19 (the UK standard on deferred taxation) |
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392 | (1) |
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14.10 A critique of deferred taxation |
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393 | (3) |
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14.11 Examples of companies following IAS 12 |
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396 | (1) |
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14.12 Value added tax (VAT) |
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396 | (8) |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (2) |
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15 Property, plant and equipment (PPE) |
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404 | (37) |
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404 | (1) |
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15.2 PPE - concepts and the relevant IASs and IFRSs |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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15.4 How is the cost of PPE determined? |
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406 | (2) |
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15.5 What is depreciation? |
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408 | (3) |
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15.6 What are the constituents in the depreciation formula? |
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411 | (1) |
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15.7 How is the useful life of an asset determined? |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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15.9 Calculation of depreciation |
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412 | (4) |
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15.10 Measurement subsequent to initial recognition |
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416 | (2) |
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15.11 IAS 36 Impairment of Assets |
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418 | (6) |
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15.12 IFRS 5 Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations |
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424 | (1) |
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15.13 Disclosure requirements |
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424 | (1) |
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15.14 Government grants towards the cost of PPE |
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425 | (2) |
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15.15 Investment properties |
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427 | (1) |
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15.16 Effect of accounting policy for PPE on the interpretation of the financial statements |
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428 | (13) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (9) |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (20) |
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441 | (1) |
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16.2 Background to leasing |
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441 | (2) |
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16.3 Why was the IAS 17 approach so controversial? |
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443 | (1) |
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16.4 IAS 17 - classification of a lease |
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444 | (1) |
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16.5 Accounting requirements for operating leases |
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445 | (1) |
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16.6 Accounting requirements for finance leases |
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446 | (1) |
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16.7 Example allocating the finance charge using the sum of the digits method |
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447 | (4) |
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16.8 Accounting for the lease of land and buildings |
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451 | (1) |
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16.9 Leasing - a form of off balance sheet financing |
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452 | (1) |
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16.10 Accounting for leases - a new approach |
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453 | (2) |
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16.11 Accounting for leases by lessors |
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455 | (6) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (3) |
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460 | (1) |
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17 R&D; goodwill; intangible assets and brands |
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461 | (36) |
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461 | (1) |
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17.2 Accounting treatment for research and development |
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461 | (1) |
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17.3 Research and development |
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461 | (1) |
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17.4 Why is research expenditure not capitalised? |
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462 | (1) |
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17.5 Capitalising development costs |
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463 | (1) |
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17.6 The judgements to be made when deciding whether to capitalise development costs |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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17.9 The accounting treatment of goodwill |
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466 | (2) |
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17.10 Critical comment on the various methods that have been used to account for goodwill |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (3) |
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474 | (1) |
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17.14 Justifications for reporting all brands as assets |
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475 | (1) |
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17.15 Accounting for acquired brands |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (2) |
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17.17 Intellectual property |
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479 | (3) |
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17.18 Review of implementation of IFRS 3 |
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482 | (15) |
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484 | (1) |
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485 | (2) |
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487 | (8) |
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495 | (2) |
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497 | (26) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (7) |
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507 | (2) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (2) |
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18.9 Audit of the year-end physical inventory count |
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512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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18.11 Agricultural activity |
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514 | (9) |
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517 | (1) |
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518 | (1) |
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519 | (3) |
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522 | (1) |
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19 Construction contracts |
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523 | (24) |
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523 | (1) |
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19.2 The accounting issue for construction contracts |
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523 | (2) |
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19.3 Identification of contract revenue |
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525 | (1) |
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19.4 Identification of contract costs |
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525 | (1) |
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19.5 Recognition of contract revenue and expenses |
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526 | (6) |
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19.6 Public-private partnerships (PPPs) |
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532 | (15) |
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538 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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539 | (6) |
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545 | (2) |
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Part 4 CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS |
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547 | (92) |
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20 Accounting for groups at the date of acquisition |
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549 | (19) |
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549 | (1) |
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20.2 The definition of a group |
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549 | (1) |
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20.3 Consolidated accounts and some reasons for their preparation |
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549 | (2) |
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20.4 The definition of control |
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551 | (1) |
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20.5 Alternative methods of preparing consolidated accounts |
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552 | (2) |
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20.6 The treatment of positive goodwill |
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554 | (1) |
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20.7 The treatment of negative goodwill |
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554 | (1) |
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20.8 The comparison between an acquisition by cash and an exchange of shares |
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555 | (1) |
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20.9 Non-controlling interests |
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555 | (3) |
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20.10 The treatment of differences between a subsidiary's fair value and book value |
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558 | (1) |
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20.11 How to calculate fair values |
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|
559 | (9) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (5) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
21 Preparation of consolidated statements of financial position after the date of acquisition |
|
|
568 | (15) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
21.2 Pre- and post-acquisition profits/losses |
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
21.3 Inter-company balances |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
21.4 Unrealised profit on inter-company sales |
|
|
572 | (5) |
|
21.5 Provision for unrealised profit affecting a non-controlling interest |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
21.6 Uniform accounting policies and reporting dates |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
21.7 How is the investment in subsidiaries reported in the parent's own statement of financial position? |
|
|
578 | (5) |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
578 | (4) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
22 Preparation of consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows |
|
|
583 | (20) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
22.2 Preparation of a consolidated statement of comprehensive income - the Ante Group |
|
|
583 | (3) |
|
22.3 The statement of changes in equity (SOCE) |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
22.4 Other consolidation adjustments |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
22.5 Dividends or interest paid by the subsidiary out of pre-acquisition profits |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
22.6 A subsidiary acquired part of the way through the year |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
22.7 Published format statement of comprehensive income |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
22.8 Consolidated statements of cash flows |
|
|
591 | (12) |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (9) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
23 Accounting for associates and joint ventures |
|
|
603 | (20) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
23.2 Definitions of associates and of significant influence |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
23.3 The treatment of associated companies in consolidated accounts |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
23.4 The Brill Group - the equity method illustrated |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
23.5 The treatment of provisions for unrealised profits |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
23.6 The acquisition of an associate part-way through the year |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
|
608 | (15) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (11) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
24 Accounting for the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates under IAS 21 |
|
|
623 | (16) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
24.2 The difference between conversion and translation and the definition of a foreign currency transaction |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
24.3 The functional currency |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
24.4 The presentation currency |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
24.5 Monetary and non-monetary items |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
24.6 The rules on the recording of foreign currency transactions carried out directly by the reporting entity |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
24.7 The treatment of exchange differences on foreign currency transactions |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
24.8 Foreign exchange transactions in the individual accounts of companies illustrated - Boil plc |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
24.9 The translation of the accounts of foreign operations where the functional currency is the same as that of the parent |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
24.10 The use of a presentation currency other than the functional currency |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
24.11 Granby Ltd illustration |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
24.12 Granby Ltd illustration continued |
|
|
629 | (3) |
|
24.13 Implications of IAS 21 |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
24.14 Critique of use of presentation currency |
|
|
632 | (7) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
633 | (4) |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
|
639 | (160) |
|
|
641 | (27) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
25.2 Why is the earnings per share figure important? |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
25.3 How is the EPS figure calculated? |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
25.4 The use to shareholders of the EPS |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
25.5 Illustration of the basic EPS calculation |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
25.6 Adjusting the number of shares used in the basic EPS calculation |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
647 | (5) |
|
25.8 Adjusting the earnings and number of shares used in the diluted EPS calculation |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
25.9 Procedure where there are several potential dilutions |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
25.10 Exercise of conversion rights during financial year |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
25.11 Disclosure requirements of IAS 33 |
|
|
656 | (3) |
|
25.12 The Improvement Project |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
25.13 Convergence project |
|
|
659 | (9) |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
661 | (6) |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
26 Statements of cash flows |
|
|
668 | (28) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
26.2 Development of statements of cash flows |
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
26.3 Applying IAS 7 (revised) Statements of Cash Flows |
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
26.4 IAS 7 (revised) format of statements of cash flows |
|
|
672 | (5) |
|
26.5 Consolidated statements of cash flows |
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
26.6 Analysing statements of cash flows |
|
|
679 | (5) |
|
26.7 Critique of cash flow accounting |
|
|
684 | (12) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (9) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
27 Review of financial ratio analysis |
|
|
696 | (40) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
27.3 What are accounting ratios? |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
698 | (5) |
|
27.5 Illustrating the calculation of the six key ratios |
|
|
703 | (3) |
|
27.6 Description of subsidiary ratios |
|
|
706 | (9) |
|
27.7 Comparative ratios: inter-firm comparisons and industry averages |
|
|
715 | (3) |
|
27.8 Limitations of ratio analysis |
|
|
718 | (2) |
|
27.9 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) used for management control purposes |
|
|
720 | (16) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (12) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
28 Analytical analysis - selective use of ratios |
|
|
736 | (46) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
28.2 Improvement of information for shareholders |
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
28.3 Disclosure of risks and focus on relevant ratios |
|
|
738 | (7) |
|
28.4 Shariah compliant companies - why ratios are important |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
28.5 Ratios set by lenders in debt covenants |
|
|
747 | (2) |
|
28.6 Predicting corporate failure |
|
|
749 | (7) |
|
28.7 Performance related remuneration - shareholder returns |
|
|
756 | (4) |
|
28.8 Valuing shares of an unquoted company - quantitative process |
|
|
760 | (4) |
|
28.9 Professional risk assessors |
|
|
764 | (18) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
767 | (2) |
|
|
769 | (11) |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
29 An introduction to financial reporting on the Internet |
|
|
782 | (17) |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
29.2 The reason for the development of a business reporting language |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
29.3 Reports and the flow of information pre-XBRL |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
29.4 What are HTML, XML and XBRL? |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
29.5 Reports and the flow of information post-XBRL |
|
|
785 | (1) |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
29.7 Why should companies adopt XBRL? |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
29.8 What is needed to use XBRL for outputting information? |
|
|
787 | (2) |
|
29.9 What is needed when receiving XBRL output information? |
|
|
789 | (5) |
|
29.10 Progress of XBRL development for internal accounting |
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
794 | (5) |
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
797 | (2) |
|
|
799 | (85) |
|
|
801 | (37) |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
30.3 Corporate governance effect on corporate behaviour |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
30.4 Pressures on good governance behaviour vary over time |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
30.5 Types of past unethical behaviour |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
30.6 Different jurisdictions have different governance priorities |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
30.7 The effect on capital markets of good corporate governance |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
30.8 The role of accounting in corporate governance |
|
|
807 | (2) |
|
30.9 External audits in corporate governance |
|
|
809 | (5) |
|
30.10 Corporate governance in relation to the board of directors |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
30.11 Executive remuneration |
|
|
814 | (3) |
|
30.12 Market forces and corporate governance |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
30.14 Corporate governance, legislation and codes |
|
|
820 | (2) |
|
30.15 Corporate governance - the UK experience |
|
|
822 | (16) |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
|
832 | (2) |
|
|
834 | (2) |
|
|
836 | (2) |
|
31 Sustainability - environmental and social reporting |
|
|
838 | (46) |
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
31.2 How financial reporting has evolved to embrace sustainability reporting |
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
31.3 The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
31.4 The Connected Reporting Framework |
|
|
840 | (2) |
|
31.5 IFAC Sustainability Framework |
|
|
842 | (2) |
|
31.6 The accountant's role in a capitalist industrial society |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
31.7 The accountant's changing role |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
31.8 Sustainability - environmental reporting |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
31.9 Environmental information in the annual accounts |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
31.10 Background to companies' reporting practices |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
31.11 European Commission's recommendations for disclosures in annual accounts |
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
31.12 Evolution of stand-alone environmental reports |
|
|
848 | (4) |
|
31.13 International charters and guidelines |
|
|
852 | (2) |
|
31.14 Self-regulation schemes |
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
31.15 Economic consequences of environmental reporting |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
31.16 Summary on environmental reporting |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
31.17 Environmental auditing: international initiatives |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
31.18 The activities involved in an environmental audit |
|
|
859 | (2) |
|
31.19 Concept of social accounting |
|
|
861 | (2) |
|
31.20 Background to social accounting |
|
|
863 | (3) |
|
31.21 Corporate social responsibility |
|
|
866 | (2) |
|
31.22 Need for comparative data |
|
|
868 | (2) |
|
31.23 International initiatives towards triple bottom line reporting |
|
|
870 | (14) |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
873 | (2) |
|
|
875 | (6) |
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
|
882 | (2) |
Index |
|
884 | |