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Financial Regulation in the European Union After the Crisis: A Minskian Approach [Mīkstie vāki]

(Universita di Macerata, Italy)
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In the wake of the financial crisis, new regulatory measures were introduced which, along with changes in monetary and macroeconomic policy, have transformed the global financial structure. However, this new financial structure displays various fragilities. A new shadow banking system has grown both inside and outside the traditional banks and the divergence between core and periphery countries banks has increased further due to both the new regulations and the European Central Banks very peculiar interventions.





Following Minskys approach, this volume explores the interplay between monetary policy, regulation and institutions in the aftermath of the great financial crisis. Minskys insights are used to interpret the recent regulatory changes and consider how they have affected the evolution of banks and financial markets. The unfortunate conclusion is that the changes in financial regulation introduced in various jurisdictions and inspired by the work of the Basel Committee, have not succeeded in thwarting the instability of the economic system. Instead, the mix of policies implemented so far has brought about increased fragility in the financial system. Minksys work on financial stability offers alternative solutions which policy-makers need to consider to resolve these issues.





Financial Regulation in the European Union After the Crisis is an important volume for those who study political economy, banking and monetary economics.
List of figures and tables
ix
List of abbreviations
xi
PART 1 Changes in financial regulation in the European Union: a critical analysis
1(100)
1 Minsky on the institutional development of the economy
3(15)
Introduction
3(1)
The system's endogeneous dynamics versus institutions and interventions
4(6)
Financial innovation as bricolage
7(3)
Minsky on money manager capitalism, finance and thwarting systems
10(5)
Conclusions
15(3)
2 Minsky on central banking and the current debate
18(16)
Introduction
18(1)
Recent proposals of change in financial regulation inspired by Minsky
19(4)
A proposal to constrain the growth rate of banks' assets
19(1)
Criticism of that proposal as a unique solution to the problem of financial instability
20(3)
The central bank as a dealer of last resort or as a guide to the financial system?
23(5)
Minsky's theory of central banking: the central bank as a guide to the financial system
23(2)
The central bank as a dealer of last resort for ever?
25(3)
Which regulatory changes should be pursued in order to enhance stability and avoid cumulative processes?
28(2)
Conclusions
30(4)
3 Main changes in regulation after the crisis
34(21)
Introduction
34(1)
The revised capital requirements: just a change in the weights?
34(4)
How the revision in capital requirements works in practice
38(3)
Other macroprudential measures
41(1)
The leverage ratio
42(7)
The definition of leverage ratio and how to calculate it
42(5)
Too much hope in this new tool?
47(2)
Total loss-absorbing capacity in the EU
49(2)
Conclusions
51(4)
4 Liquidity coverage and net stable funding ratios
55(24)
Introduction
55(1)
The liquidity coverage ratio
55(12)
How to calculate the numerator of the ratio
56(4)
How to calculate the denominator of the ratio
60(2)
Conclusions about the theoretical underpinnings of the ratio
62(2)
EBA's studies on the application of the BCBS designed liquidity coverage ratio to the EU banking system
64(3)
The net stable funding ratio
67(8)
The treatment of derivatives and repo in the NSFR and the discussion with industry representatives
69(5)
What type of banking does the NSFR favour?
74(1)
Conclusions
75(4)
5 The new resolution regime for banks and the euro
79(22)
Introduction
79(1)
The vanishing of the distinction between money, claim and security
80(2)
Repo markets and leverage
82(2)
Repos, securities lending and derivatives in the banking recovery and resolution directive
84(3)
Possible disruptions to the payments system during bank resolution procedures
87(3)
The failure to regulate the repo market in the EU
90(3)
Consequences of the recent regulation changes on the nature of the common currency
93(8)
PART II Financial regulation and the European crisis: some case studies
101(61)
6 Financial fragility in the European crisis: three episodes
103(21)
Introduction
103(1)
Financial innovation in Europe after 2007: new and old derivatives
104(8)
The CDS market and the fall in value of governments bonds during the European financial crisis
112(2)
Dexia's financial distress and its second bail-out in 2011
114(3)
Regulatory policy and the transmission of the crisis from core to peripheral countries' banks
117(3)
Conclusions
120(4)
7 Deleveraging in European banking and financial stability, 2010--13
124(19)
Introduction
124(1)
Deleveraging in European banks
124(3)
Changes in banks `assets and liabilities, 2010--13
127(1)
Changes in banks `assets and liabilities, 2012--13
128(3)
Changes in regulation in 2010--13
131(5)
Long-term refinancing by the ECB as a thwarting mechanism in the European crisis?
136(3)
Conclusions
139(4)
8 Italy's banking crisis
143(19)
Introduction
143(2)
The macroeconomics of the crisis
145(2)
The microeconomics of the crisis
147(7)
An historical excursus on Italian banks
147(1)
The 1993 Banking Act and the return to universal banking
148(4)
The return to universal banking: a Minskian reading
152(2)
The problem of bad loans in Italy and their management after the approval of the BRRD
154(4)
Conclusions
158(4)
Index 162
Domenica Tropeano is Associate Professor at the Department of Economics, Universitą di Macerata, Italy.