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E-grāmata: Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions

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, (Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Lausanne, Switzerland), (Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland),
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Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin ImpressionsPalielināt
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Since its publication, the first edition of Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions has become a classic in the field. This second edition is completely updated, focusing on the latest technology and techniquesincluding current detection procedures, applicable processing and analysis methodsall while incorporating the expansive growth of literature on the topic since the publication of the original edition.

Forensic science has been challenged in recent years as a result of errors, courts and other scientists contesting verdicts, and changes of a fundamental nature related to previous claims of infallibility and absolute individualization. As such, these factors represent a fundamental change in the way training, identifying, and reporting should be conducted. This book addresses these questions with a clear viewpoint as to where the professionand ridge skin identification in particularmust go and what efforts and research will help develop the field over the next several years.

The second edition introduces several new topics, including





Discussion of ACE-V and research results from ACE-V studies Computerized marking systems to help examiners produce reports New probabilistic models and decision theories about ridge skin evidence interpretation, introducing Bayesnet tools Fundamental understanding of ridge mark detection techniques, with the introduction of new aspects such as nanotechnology, immunology and hyperspectral imaging Overview of reagent preparation and application

Chapters cover all aspects of the subject, including the formation of friction ridges on the skin, the deposition of latent marks, ridge skin mark identification, the detection and enhancement of such marks, as well the recording of fingerprint evidence. The book serves as an essential reference for practitioners working in the field of fingermark detection and identification, as well as legal and police professionals and anyone studying forensic science with a view to understanding current thoughts and challenges in dactyloscopy.
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Preface to the First Edition xiii
Authors xix
Chapter 1 Friction Ridge Skin and Prints
1(32)
1.1 Structure of the Skin
1(2)
1.2 Morphogenesis of Friction Ridge Skin: Primary Dermal Ridge Development
3(3)
1.3 Factors Affecting the General Pattern and the Configuration of Minutiæ
6(6)
1.4 Morphogenesis of Friction Ridge Skin: Secondary Dermal Ridge Development and Dermal Papillae
12(2)
1.5 Other Features than Major Epidermal Papillary Lines on Friction Ridge Skin
14(3)
1.6 Abnormal Friction Ridge Skin
17(2)
1.7 Summary of the Stages of Friction Ridge Skin Morphogenesis
19(1)
1.8 Relationship with Permanency and Alterations
20(7)
1.9 Relationship with Selectivity
27(6)
References
28(5)
Chapter 2 Friction Ridge Identification Process
33(94)
2.1 Analysis
39(17)
2.1.1 Purpose of the Analysis
39(4)
2.1.2 Factors Considered during Analysis
43(2)
2.1.3 Documentation of the Analysis
45(5)
2.1.4 Quality Metrics for Marks
50(1)
2.1.5 Decisions Reached Following Analysis
51(2)
2.1.6 Variability in the Conclusions Reached Following the Analysis Phase
53(3)
2.2 Search Heuristics to Facilitate the Comparison
56(11)
2.2.1 Predicting the Finger Number of the Hand at the Source of a Mark
56(9)
2.2.2 Predicting the Source Area of the Finger or the Palm
65(2)
2.2.3 Predicting Gender and Other Characteristics of the Donor
67(1)
2.3 Comparison
67(3)
2.4 Evaluation
70(34)
2.4.1 The Weight to Be Assigned to the Observations
70(7)
2.4.2 Decisions Reached Following Evaluation
77(1)
2.4.2.1 Identification
78(18)
2.4.2.2 Exclusion
96(1)
2.4.2.3 Inconclusive
97(2)
2.4.3 Left, Touched or Handled: The Hierarchy of Propositions
99(3)
2.4.4 Reliability of the Evaluation Process
102(2)
2.5 Verification
104(1)
2.6 How Many Similarities Are Required for an Identification?
105(6)
2.6.1 Historical Milestones
105(1)
2.6.2 Current Views and Practices
106(1)
2.6.2.1 Predetermined Minimum Number of Minutiæ: An Empirical Standard
106(2)
2.6.2.2 No Predetermined Numerical Standard: A Holistic Approach
108(3)
2.7 Probability Models Applied to Fingermarks
111(3)
2.8 An LR-Based Reporting Scheme
114(13)
References
116(11)
Chapter 3 Chemistry, Light, and Photography
127(52)
3.1 Standard Weights and Measures
127(1)
3.2 Chemistry Theory
128(5)
3.3 Light Theory
133(22)
3.3.1 Introduction
133(1)
3.3.2 Wave Theory
133(1)
3.3.3 Particle Theory
134(1)
3.3.4 White Light and Colored Light
135(1)
3.3.5 Spectral Sensitivity of the Human Eye
136(1)
3.3.6 Absorption and Reflection of Light
137(1)
3.3.7 Polarization of Light
138(1)
3.3.8 Photoluminescence
139(1)
3.3.9 Optical Filters
140(4)
3.3.10 Absorption Mode
144(4)
3.3.11 Diffused Reflection Mode
148(1)
3.3.12 Episcopic Coaxial Illumination
149(1)
3.3.13 Photoluminescence Mode
150(2)
3.3.14 Polarized Light Examinations
152(1)
3.3.15 Ultraviolet Illumination Techniques
153(2)
3.4 Forensic Light Sources
155(5)
3.4.1 Conventional Light Sources
155(1)
3.4.2 LED-Based Light Sources
156(2)
3.4.3 FLS Requirements
158(2)
3.5 Photography
160(9)
3.5.1 Introduction
160(1)
3.5.2 Basic Image Formation and Capture
160(2)
3.5.3 Digital Cameras
162(1)
3.5.3.1 Image Sensors
162(2)
3.5.3.2 Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera
164(1)
3.5.3.3 Camera Lenses
165(1)
3.5.3.4 Camera Settings
165(2)
3.5.3.5 Sensitivity and Noise
167(1)
3.5.3.6 Choosing a Digital Camera
168(1)
3.5.3.7 Photography in the Luminescence Mode
168(1)
3.6 Digital Imaging
169(6)
3.6.1 Introduction
169(1)
3.6.2 Data Compression and File Formats
170(1)
3.6.3 Image Processing Techniques
171(2)
3.6.4 Legal Requirements
173(2)
3.7 Hyperspectral Imaging
175(4)
References
171(8)
Chapter 4 Fingermark Detection and Enhancement
179(136)
4.1 Types of Fingermarks
179(3)
4.1.1 Visible Fingermarks
179(1)
4.1.2 Latent Fingermarks
179(3)
4.2 Surface Characteristics
182(3)
4.2.1 Porous Surfaces
183(1)
4.2.2 Nonporous Surfaces
184(1)
4.2.3 Semiporous Surfaces
185(1)
4.3 Optical Detection Techniques
185(5)
4.3.1 Absorption
185(1)
4.3.2 Luminescence
185(1)
4.3.3 Diffused Reflection
186(1)
4.3.4 Ultraviolet Imaging
187(1)
4.3.5 Near-Infrared Imaging
188(1)
4.3.6 Visible Hyperspectral Imaging
189(1)
4.4 Detection Techniques for Porous Surfaces
190(26)
4.4.1 Ninhydrin
190(1)
4.4.1.1 General
190(3)
4.4.1.2 Ninhydrin Formulations
193(2)
4.4.1.3 Secondary Metal Salt Treatment
195(3)
4.4.2 Ninhydrin Analogs
198(2)
4.4.3 Diazafluorenone
200(3)
4.4.4 Indanedione
203(4)
4.4.5 Other Amino Acid Reagents
207(1)
4.4.6 Physical Developer
208(3)
4.4.7 Lipid Stains
211(1)
4.4.7.1 Oil Red O
211(2)
4.4.7.2 Nile Red
213(1)
4.4.8 Recommended Detection Sequence
214(2)
4.5 Detection Techniques for Nonporous Surfaces
216(20)
4.5.1 Fingerprint Powders
216(2)
4.5.2 Powder Suspensions
218(1)
4.5.2.1 Small Particle Reagent
218(1)
4.5.2.2 Thick Powder Suspensions
219(2)
4.5.3 Cyanoacrylate Fuming
221(1)
4.5.3.1 Conventional Cyanoacrylate Fuming
221(4)
4.5.3.2 Portable Fuming Systems
225(1)
4.5.3.3 Vacuum Cyanoacrylate Fuming
225(1)
4.5.3.4 Enhancement of CA-Developed Marks
226(5)
4.5.4 Vacuum Metal Deposition
231(4)
4.5.5 Recommended Detection Sequence
235(1)
4.6 Nanoparticle-Based Detection Methods
236(5)
4.6.1 Nanopowders
236(1)
4.6.2 Multimetal Deposition
237(1)
4.6.3 Single-Metal Deposition
238(1)
4.6.4 Quantum Dots
239(1)
4.6.5 Silica-Based Nanocomposites
240(1)
4.6.6 Health and Safety Concerns
241(1)
4.7 Miscellaneous Techniques
241(7)
4.7.1 Iodine--Benzoflavone
241(2)
4.7.2 Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
243(2)
4.7.3 Ruthenium Tetroxide
245(1)
4.7.4 Silver Nitrate
246(1)
4.7.5 Sudan Black
247(1)
4.8 Novel Approaches to Fingermark Detection
248(4)
4.8.1 Upconverters
248(2)
4.8.2 Immunology: Antibodies and Aptamers
250(1)
4.8.3 Mass Spectrometric Imaging
251(1)
4.9 Fingermark Detection on Semiporous Surfaces
252(2)
4.10 Fingermark Detection on Human Skin
254(6)
4.10.1 General
254(1)
4.10.2 Powdering
255(1)
4.10.3 Transfer Techniques
255(1)
4.10.4 Iodine Fuming
256(1)
4.10.5 Cyanoacrylate
257(1)
4.10.6 Ruthenium Tetroxide
258(1)
4.10.7 Fingermarks in Blood on Skin
258(1)
4.10.8 Recommended Detection Sequence
259(1)
4.11 Fingermark Detection on Adhesive Surfaces
260(6)
4.11.1 Gentian Violet
261(1)
4.11.2 Powder Suspensions
262(2)
4.11.3 Cyanoacrylate Fuming
264(1)
4.11.4 Miscellaneous Techniques
264(1)
4.11.5 Recommended Detection Sequence
264(2)
4.12 Fingermark Detection on Thermal Paper
266(1)
4.13 Fingermark Detection on Fabrics
267(1)
4.14 Fingermark Detection on Firearms and Cartridge Cases
268(4)
4.14.1 Cyanoacrylate Fuming
269(1)
4.14.2 Gun Blue
269(1)
4.14.3 Miscellaneous Techniques
270(1)
4.14.4 Recommended Detection Sequence
271(1)
4.15 Enhancement of Fingermarks in Blood
272(8)
4.15.1 Optical Techniques
273(1)
4.15.2 Protein Stains
274(3)
4.15.3 Diaminobenzidine
277(1)
4.15.4 Miscellaneous Techniques
277(1)
4.15.5 Recommended Detection Sequence
278(2)
4.16 Fingermark Detection at the Crime Scene
280(1)
4.17 Effects of Fingermark Detection Techniques on Subsequent Forensic Analyses
281(7)
4.17.1 Document Examination
281(1)
4.17.2 DNA Profiling
282(4)
4.17.3 Recovery and Analysis of Explosive Residues
286(2)
4.18 Standards for Fingermark Detection Research
288(2)
4.19 Health and Safety Considerations
290(25)
4.19.1 Hazardous Substances
290(2)
4.19.2 Light Sources
292(1)
References
293(22)
Chapter 5 Issues Related to the Exploitation of Fingerprints and Fingermarks
315(28)
5.1 Terminology
315(3)
5.2 Use of Fingerprints
318(3)
5.2.1 Print-to-Print Comparison
319(1)
5.2.2 Trace-to-Record or Trace-to-Print Comparison
319(1)
5.2.3 Trace-to-Trace Comparison
320(1)
5.2.4 Combining Evidence Types
321(1)
5.2.5 Identification Decision in Other Forums than the Court
321(1)
5.3 Relevance
321(1)
5.4 Age Estimation of Marks
322(5)
5.5 Forged and Fabricated Fingerprint Evidence
327(4)
5.5.1 Forgeries Committed by Law Enforcement Personnel
328(1)
5.5.2 Forgeries Committed by Criminals
328(1)
5.5.3 Detection of Forged Marks
329(2)
5.6 Errors
331(12)
5.6.1 Error Types
333(1)
5.6.2 Quality Assurance
333(1)
5.6.2.1 Fingerprint Examiner
334(2)
5.6.2.2 Processes
336(1)
5.6.2.3 The Product
336(1)
References
337(6)
Chapter 6 Conclusions
343(4)
6.1 Fingermark Detection
343(1)
6.2 Fingerprint Identification
344(3)
References
346(1)
Appendix A Statistical Data for General Fingerprint Patterns, Ridge Widths, and Gender 347(12)
Appendix B Statistical Data on Minutiæ 359(6)
Appendix C Fingermark Detection Sequences 365(8)
Appendix D Reagent Preparation and Application 373(42)
Appendix E Abbreviations 415(6)
Index 421
Christophe Champod, Chris J. Lennard, Pierre Margot, Milutin Stoilovic
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/97814987289592e.html
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