Preface |
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ix | |
Authors |
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xi | |
Contributor |
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xiii | |
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Chapter 1 Fire and Explosion |
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1 | (34) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1 Category and Classification |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (5) |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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1.7 Explosion Classifications |
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14 | (11) |
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1.7.1 Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) |
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14 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Pressure Vessel Explosion (PVE) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7.3 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) |
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16 | (7) |
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1.7.4 Condensed-Phase Explosion (CPE) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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1.8 Fire and Explosion Characteristics |
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25 | (5) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.8.3 Autoignition Temperature (AIT) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.8.4 Spontaneous Combustion |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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1.8.7 Flammability Limits |
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27 | (1) |
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1.8.8 Limiting Oxygen Concentration |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (2) |
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1.9.1 Constructing Flammability Diagram |
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30 | (2) |
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1.10 Damage Consequences of Fire and Explosion |
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32 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Material Properties |
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35 | (28) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (2) |
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2.2.1 Carbon Steel and Alloying Elements |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3 Properties at High Temperature |
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39 | (6) |
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45 | (4) |
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2.4.1 Mechanical Properties |
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45 | (4) |
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49 | (7) |
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2.5.1 Mechanical Properties |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (4) |
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2.6 Functionally Graded Materials |
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56 | (7) |
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2.6.1 FGM for High Temperature |
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58 | (5) |
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63 | (114) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (3) |
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3.2 Development of a Fire |
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66 | (5) |
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71 | (5) |
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3.3.1 Objectives of Fire Safety |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.3.1.2 Property Protection |
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71 | (1) |
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3.3.1.3 Environment Protection |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Fire Safety Measures |
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74 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Structural Fire Safety |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.7 Fire Initiation and Flame Spread |
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82 | (1) |
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3.7.1 Phase Change and Decomposition |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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3.8.1 Pre-Flashover Fires |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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3.9 Energy and Burning Time |
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85 | (3) |
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3.9.1 Pre-Flashover Fire Calculations |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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3.11 Post-Flashover Fires |
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89 | (1) |
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3.12 Ventilation-Controlled Fire |
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89 | (3) |
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90 | (1) |
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3.12.2 Ventilation Factor |
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91 | (1) |
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3.12.3 Effects of Multiple Openings |
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91 | (1) |
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3.13 Fuel-Controlled Fire |
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92 | (1) |
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3.14 Time-Temperature Curves |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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3.15.1 Constant Peak Temperature |
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95 | (1) |
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3.15.1.1 Published Curves |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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3.18 Time-Temperature Curves |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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3.20 Equivalent Fire Severity |
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101 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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3.20.2 Maximum Temperature Equivalence |
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102 | (1) |
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3.20.3 Minimum Load Capacity Equivalence |
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102 | (1) |
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3.21 Thermodynamic Properties |
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103 | (12) |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (7) |
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3.22 Transient Heat Transfer |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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3.24 Lumped Capacity Idealization for Steel |
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118 | (3) |
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3.25 Semi-Infinite Idealization for Concrete and Masonry |
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121 | (4) |
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3.26 Structural Temperatures Under Standard Fire |
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125 | (12) |
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3.26.1 Temperature Calculation for Steel Structural Members |
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125 | (5) |
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3.26.2 Temperature Calculation for Concrete Structural Members |
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130 | (7) |
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3.27 Design Theory - Limit States of Design |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (5) |
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3.29 Design for Flexure - Beams |
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144 | (17) |
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144 | (7) |
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3.29.2 Reinforced Concrete Beams |
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151 | (10) |
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3.30 Compression Members - Columns |
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161 | (12) |
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161 | (6) |
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3.30.2 Reinforced Concrete Columns |
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167 | (6) |
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173 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Fire Protection |
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177 | (10) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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4.2 Active Fire Protection Systems |
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177 | (1) |
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4.3 Passive Fire Protection Systems |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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4.5 Station Nightclub, USA |
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179 | (1) |
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4.6 Grenfell Tower, London, UK |
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179 | (1) |
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4.7 Plasco Building, Tehran, Iran |
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180 | (1) |
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4.7.1 Fire Development and Growth |
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180 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Structural Collapse |
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181 | (1) |
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4.7.3 Important Observations |
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181 | (1) |
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4.8 Chennai Silks Building, Chennai, India |
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181 | (2) |
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4.8.1 Building Description and Use |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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4.8.3 Fire Development and Growth |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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4.8.5 Important Observations |
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183 | (1) |
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4.9 Takshashila Complex, Surat, India |
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183 | (4) |
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4.9.1 Building Description and Use |
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183 | (1) |
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4.9.2 Egress Arrangements |
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183 | (1) |
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4.9.3 Firefighting Access and Fire Protection Systems |
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184 | (1) |
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4.9.4 Fire Growth and Development |
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184 | (1) |
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4.9.5 Effects on Occupants |
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185 | (1) |
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4.9.6 Important Observations |
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185 | (2) |
References |
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187 | (6) |
Index |
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193 | |