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E-grāmata: Fitting the Human: Introduction to Ergonomics / Human Factors Engineering, Seventh Edition

3.96/5 (23 ratings by Goodreads)
(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA)
  • Formāts: 480 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Mar-2017
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315398365
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  • Formāts: 480 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Mar-2017
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315398365
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This new edition undergraduate introductory textbook follows the motto of the previous versions: "Solid information, easy-to-read, easy to understand, easy to apply." The aim remains the same: "Human engineering" workplaces, tools, machinery, computers, lighting, shiftwork, work demands, the environment, officers, vehicles, the home – and everything else that we can design to fit the human. The new edition is up-to-date in content and language, in data and illustrations. Like previous versions, this book is for students and professionals in engineering, design, architecture, safety and management and to everybody else who wants to make work safe, efficient, satisfying, and even enjoyable.

Recenzijas

"Kroemer“s book is a canon in the field of ergonomics. It gives an easy-to-read, but still comprehensive introduction to many of the different aspects of ergonomics. The chapters contain a number of tables, thorough information of relevance for designers and engineers. The book will help designers and engineers to designing systems and environments that fit the human body and mind." Kjell Ivar Ųvergård, University College of Southeast Norway

"This book is definitely a must have for beginners. In addition, it is a great book to have for an update to the most recent topics in ergonomics and human factors engineering. This book provides depth and rigor contents yet its easy to understand." Satoshi Muraki, Kyushu University, Japan

Preface xiii
About the Author xvii
The first page 1(4)
SECTION I The human body
1 Body sizes
5(28)
1.1 Our Earth's populations
5(1)
1.2 Measurements
5(6)
1.3 No "average person"
11(16)
1.4 Designing to fit the body
27(6)
Summary
29(1)
Fitting steps
30(1)
Further reading
30(1)
Notes
31(2)
2 Mobility
33(20)
2.1 Work in motion
33(2)
2.2 Body joints
35(8)
2.2.1 The hand
35(4)
2.2.2 The spine
39(4)
2.3 Designing for mobility
43(1)
2.4 Workspaces
44(9)
Summary
51(1)
Fitting steps
51(1)
Notes
51(2)
3 Muscular work
53(16)
3.1 Physiological basics
53(5)
3.2 Dynamic and static efforts, strength tests
58(4)
3.3 Fatigue and recovery
62(1)
3.4 Use of muscle strength data in design
63(6)
Summary
67(1)
Fitting steps
67(1)
Notes
67(2)
4 Body strength
69(18)
4.1 Static and dynamic strength exertions
70(2)
4.2 Maximal or minimal strength exertion
72(1)
4.3 Hand strength
73(3)
4.4 Foot strength
76(2)
4.5 Whole body strength
78(1)
4.6 Design for use preferences
79(8)
Summary
83(1)
Fitting steps
83(1)
Further reading
84(1)
Notes
84(3)
SECTION II The human mind
5 How we see
87(18)
5.1 Our eyes
88(2)
5.2 Seeing the environment
90(7)
5.3 Dim and bright viewing conditions
97(8)
Summary
102(1)
Fitting steps
102(1)
Further reading
102(1)
Notes
103(2)
6 How we hear
105(20)
6.1 Our ears
105(2)
6.2 Hearing sounds
107(6)
6.3 Noise and its effects
113(12)
Summary
123(1)
Fitting steps
123(1)
Notes
124(1)
7 How we sense objects and energy
125(12)
7.1 Sensing body movement
125(2)
7.2 The feel of objects, energy, and pain
127(3)
7.3 Designing for tactile perception
130(7)
Summary
134(1)
Fitting steps
134(1)
Notes
135(2)
8 How we experience indoor and outside climates
137(22)
8.1 Human thermoregulation
137(6)
8.2 Climate factors: Temperatures, humidity, drafts
143(2)
8.3 Our personal climate
145(3)
8.4 Working in hot environments
148(2)
8.5 Working in cold environments
150(3)
8.6 Climate effects on mental tasks
153(1)
8.7 Designing comfortable climates
153(6)
Summary
154(1)
Fitting steps
155(1)
Notes
156(3)
9 Mental activities
159(24)
9.1 The brain-nerve network
159(9)
9.2 Taking up and processing information
168(5)
9.3 Making decisions
173(3)
9.4 Actions and reactions
176(7)
Summary
179(1)
Fitting steps
180(1)
Notes
180(3)
SECTION III Body and mind working together
10 Hard physical work
183(16)
10.1 Physiological principles
183(1)
10.2 Energy consumption
184(5)
10.3 Heart rate as a measure of work demands
189(2)
10.4 Limits of human labor capacity
191(4)
10.5 Designing heavy human work
195(4)
Summary
196(1)
Fitting steps
196(2)
Notes
198(1)
11 Light and moderate work
199(20)
11.1 Physiological and psychological principles
200(3)
11.2 Tiredness, boredom, and alertness at work
203(3)
11.3 Suitable postures at work
206(3)
11.4 Accurate, fast, skillful activities
209(10)
Summary
215(1)
Fitting steps
216(1)
Notes
216(3)
12 Task load and stress
219(16)
12.1 Task load
219(3)
12.2 Mental workload
222(1)
12.3 Distress
223(2)
12.4 Underload and overload
225(1)
12.5 Psychophysical assessments of task loads
226(9)
Summary
230(1)
Fitting steps
230(1)
Notes
230(5)
SECTION IV Organizing and managing work
13 Working with others
235(12)
13.1 Getting along with others
236(2)
13.2 Motivation and behavior
238(4)
13.3 Task demands, job rewards
242(5)
Summary
244(1)
Fitting steps
245(1)
Notes
245(2)
14 The organization and you
247(14)
14.1 The human is in the center
248(1)
14.2 Organizational strategy
249(1)
14.3 Organizational structure
250(2)
14.4 Organizational conduits
252(1)
14.5 Organizational guidelines and rules
252(1)
14.6 Organizational culture
253(1)
14.7 Individual thoughts, feelings, and behavior
254(2)
14.8 A good place to work
256(5)
Summary
257(1)
Fitting steps
258(1)
Notes
259(2)
15 Working hours and sleep
261(18)
15.1 Circadian body rhythms
261(3)
15.2 Sleep
264(5)
15.3 Rest pauses and time off work
269(2)
15.4 Daily and weekly working time
271(8)
Summary
276(1)
Fitting steps
277(1)
Further reading
277(1)
Notes
277(2)
16 Night and shift work
279(12)
16.1 Organizing shift work
281(1)
16.2 Three basic solutions for shift work
282(2)
16.3 Shift patterns
284(1)
16.4 Selecting suitable shift systems
285(6)
Summary
286(1)
Fitting steps
287(1)
Notes
287(4)
SECTION V Human engineering
17 Designing the home
291(12)
17.1 Designing for mother and child
292(1)
17.2 Designing for impaired and elderly persons
293(1)
17.3 Access, walkways, steps, and stairs
293(1)
17.4 Kitchen
294(1)
17.5 Bedroom, bath, and toilet
295(2)
17.6 Lighting, heating, and cooling
297(1)
17.7 Home office
297(6)
Summary
301(1)
Notes and more information
301(2)
18 Office design
303(32)
18.1 Office spaces
304(3)
18.2 The physical environment
307(10)
18.2.1 Office lighting
307(5)
18.2.2 Office climate
312(5)
18.3 Office furniture
317(4)
18.4 Ergonomic design of the office workstation
321(14)
Summary
330(3)
Notes and more information
333(2)
19 Computer design and use
335(18)
19.1 Sholes' "typewriting machine" with its QWERTY keyboard
336(1)
19.2 From typewriter to computer keyboard
337(2)
19.3 Human factor considerations for keyboarding
339(4)
19.4 Input-related anthromechanical issues
343(1)
19.5 Possible design solutions
344(3)
19.6 Design alternatives for keyboards
347(1)
19.7 Designing for new syntax and diction
348(1)
19.8 Designing smart software
349(1)
19.9 Designs that combine solutions
349(4)
Summary
350(1)
Notes and more information
351(2)
20 Workplace design
353(16)
20.1 Sizing the workplace to fit the body
353(3)
20.2 On the feet or sitting down?
356(3)
20.3 Manipulating, reaching, grasping
359(3)
20.4 Displays and controls
362(7)
Summary
367(1)
Notes
368(1)
21 Load handling
369(20)
21.1 Material handling strains the body
369(1)
21.2 Body capabilities related to load handling
370(3)
21.3 Assessing load handling capabilities
373(3)
21.4 NIOSH's lifting and lowering guidelines
376(1)
21.5 Liberty Mutual's material handling guidelines
377(2)
21.6 Designing for easy load handling
379(10)
Summary
384(1)
Notes
385(4)
22 Healthcare for patients and providers
389(14)
22.1 Patient care and safety
390(1)
22.2 Care staff performance and safety
390(1)
22.3 Emergency medical services (EMS), paramedics, first aid physicians, ambulances
391(1)
22.4 Design of wheelchairs and hospital beds
392(1)
22.5 Moving patients
393(2)
22.6 Medication alerts
395(1)
22.7 Electronic personal and health records
396(1)
22.8 Medical devices
397(1)
22.9 Stress in the workplace
397(1)
22.10 Safety guidelines, standards, and laws
398(5)
Summary
398(1)
Notes
399(4)
23 Autonomous automobiles: Emerging ergonomic issues
403(10)
23.1 Road travel by automobile
404(1)
23.2 Reasons for reengineering road traffic
404(1)
23.3 Better ergonomics
405(3)
23.4 New technologies---New ergonomic challenges
408(5)
Summary
410(2)
Notes
412(1)
24 Making work efficient and pleasant
413(14)
24.1 Using our skills and interests; getting along with others at work
413(4)
24.2 Setting up our own work, workplace, and work environment
417(10)
Summary
423(1)
Notes and more information
423(2)
The last page
425(2)
References 427(18)
Index 445
Karl H. E. Kroemer is professor emeritus of industrial and systems engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. He was a member of the Committee on Human Factors of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. He was an elected fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and of the Ergonomics Society. Dr. Kroemer earned a BS, an MS, and a PhD in mechanical engineering, from Technical University Hannover, Germany. He has authored or coauthored over 200 publications and articles on various human factors, ergonomics, and physiology topics.