Preface |
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xiii | |
About the Author |
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xvii | |
The first page |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (28) |
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1.1 Our Earth's populations |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (6) |
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11 | (16) |
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1.4 Designing to fit the body |
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27 | (6) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (8) |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (4) |
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2.3 Designing for mobility |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (9) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (16) |
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53 | (5) |
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3.2 Dynamic and static efforts, strength tests |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (1) |
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3.4 Use of muscle strength data in design |
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63 | (6) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (18) |
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4.1 Static and dynamic strength exertions |
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70 | (2) |
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4.2 Maximal or minimal strength exertion |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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4.6 Design for use preferences |
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79 | (8) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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SECTION II The human mind |
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87 | (18) |
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88 | (2) |
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5.2 Seeing the environment |
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90 | (7) |
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5.3 Dim and bright viewing conditions |
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97 | (8) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (20) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (6) |
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6.3 Noise and its effects |
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113 | (12) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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7 How we sense objects and energy |
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125 | (12) |
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7.1 Sensing body movement |
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125 | (2) |
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7.2 The feel of objects, energy, and pain |
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127 | (3) |
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7.3 Designing for tactile perception |
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130 | (7) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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8 How we experience indoor and outside climates |
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137 | (22) |
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8.1 Human thermoregulation |
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137 | (6) |
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8.2 Climate factors: Temperatures, humidity, drafts |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (3) |
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8.4 Working in hot environments |
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148 | (2) |
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8.5 Working in cold environments |
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150 | (3) |
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8.6 Climate effects on mental tasks |
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153 | (1) |
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8.7 Designing comfortable climates |
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153 | (6) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (24) |
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9.1 The brain-nerve network |
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159 | (9) |
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9.2 Taking up and processing information |
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168 | (5) |
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173 | (3) |
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9.4 Actions and reactions |
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176 | (7) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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SECTION III Body and mind working together |
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183 | (16) |
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10.1 Physiological principles |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (5) |
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10.3 Heart rate as a measure of work demands |
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189 | (2) |
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10.4 Limits of human labor capacity |
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191 | (4) |
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10.5 Designing heavy human work |
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195 | (4) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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11 Light and moderate work |
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199 | (20) |
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11.1 Physiological and psychological principles |
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200 | (3) |
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11.2 Tiredness, boredom, and alertness at work |
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203 | (3) |
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11.3 Suitable postures at work |
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206 | (3) |
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11.4 Accurate, fast, skillful activities |
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209 | (10) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (3) |
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219 | (16) |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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12.4 Underload and overload |
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225 | (1) |
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12.5 Psychophysical assessments of task loads |
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226 | (9) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (5) |
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SECTION IV Organizing and managing work |
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235 | (12) |
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13.1 Getting along with others |
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236 | (2) |
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13.2 Motivation and behavior |
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238 | (4) |
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13.3 Task demands, job rewards |
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242 | (5) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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14 The organization and you |
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247 | (14) |
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14.1 The human is in the center |
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248 | (1) |
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14.2 Organizational strategy |
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249 | (1) |
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14.3 Organizational structure |
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250 | (2) |
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14.4 Organizational conduits |
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252 | (1) |
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14.5 Organizational guidelines and rules |
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252 | (1) |
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14.6 Organizational culture |
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253 | (1) |
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14.7 Individual thoughts, feelings, and behavior |
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254 | (2) |
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14.8 A good place to work |
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256 | (5) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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15 Working hours and sleep |
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261 | (18) |
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15.1 Circadian body rhythms |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (5) |
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15.3 Rest pauses and time off work |
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269 | (2) |
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15.4 Daily and weekly working time |
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271 | (8) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (12) |
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16.1 Organizing shift work |
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281 | (1) |
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16.2 Three basic solutions for shift work |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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16.4 Selecting suitable shift systems |
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285 | (6) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (4) |
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SECTION V Human engineering |
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291 | (12) |
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17.1 Designing for mother and child |
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292 | (1) |
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17.2 Designing for impaired and elderly persons |
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293 | (1) |
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17.3 Access, walkways, steps, and stairs |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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17.5 Bedroom, bath, and toilet |
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295 | (2) |
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17.6 Lighting, heating, and cooling |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (6) |
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301 | (1) |
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Notes and more information |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (32) |
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304 | (3) |
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18.2 The physical environment |
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307 | (10) |
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307 | (5) |
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312 | (5) |
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317 | (4) |
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18.4 Ergonomic design of the office workstation |
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321 | (14) |
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330 | (3) |
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Notes and more information |
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333 | (2) |
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19 Computer design and use |
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335 | (18) |
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19.1 Sholes' "typewriting machine" with its QWERTY keyboard |
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336 | (1) |
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19.2 From typewriter to computer keyboard |
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337 | (2) |
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19.3 Human factor considerations for keyboarding |
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339 | (4) |
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19.4 Input-related anthromechanical issues |
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343 | (1) |
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19.5 Possible design solutions |
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344 | (3) |
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19.6 Design alternatives for keyboards |
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347 | (1) |
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19.7 Designing for new syntax and diction |
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348 | (1) |
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19.8 Designing smart software |
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349 | (1) |
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19.9 Designs that combine solutions |
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349 | (4) |
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350 | (1) |
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Notes and more information |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (16) |
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20.1 Sizing the workplace to fit the body |
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353 | (3) |
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20.2 On the feet or sitting down? |
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356 | (3) |
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20.3 Manipulating, reaching, grasping |
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359 | (3) |
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20.4 Displays and controls |
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362 | (7) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (20) |
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21.1 Material handling strains the body |
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369 | (1) |
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21.2 Body capabilities related to load handling |
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370 | (3) |
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21.3 Assessing load handling capabilities |
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373 | (3) |
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21.4 NIOSH's lifting and lowering guidelines |
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376 | (1) |
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21.5 Liberty Mutual's material handling guidelines |
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377 | (2) |
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21.6 Designing for easy load handling |
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379 | (10) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (4) |
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22 Healthcare for patients and providers |
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389 | (14) |
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22.1 Patient care and safety |
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390 | (1) |
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22.2 Care staff performance and safety |
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390 | (1) |
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22.3 Emergency medical services (EMS), paramedics, first aid physicians, ambulances |
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391 | (1) |
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22.4 Design of wheelchairs and hospital beds |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (1) |
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22.7 Electronic personal and health records |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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22.9 Stress in the workplace |
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397 | (1) |
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22.10 Safety guidelines, standards, and laws |
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398 | (5) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (4) |
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23 Autonomous automobiles: Emerging ergonomic issues |
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403 | (10) |
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23.1 Road travel by automobile |
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404 | (1) |
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23.2 Reasons for reengineering road traffic |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (3) |
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23.4 New technologies---New ergonomic challenges |
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408 | (5) |
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410 | (2) |
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412 | (1) |
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24 Making work efficient and pleasant |
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413 | (14) |
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24.1 Using our skills and interests; getting along with others at work |
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413 | (4) |
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24.2 Setting up our own work, workplace, and work environment |
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417 | (10) |
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423 | (1) |
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Notes and more information |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (2) |
References |
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427 | (18) |
Index |
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445 | |