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E-grāmata: Flora of Middle-Earth: Plants of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium

4.39/5 (312 ratings by Goodreads)
(Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of Florida), (Adjunct Faculty, Minneapolis College of Art and Design)
  • Formāts: 304 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Jul-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190276331
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  • Cena: 23,48 €*
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  • Formāts: 304 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Jul-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190276331

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"Few settings in literature are as widely known or celebrated as J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-Earth. The natural landscape plays a major role in nearly all of Tolkien's major works, and readers have come to view the geography of this fictional universe as integral to understanding and enjoying Tolkien's works. And in laying out this continent, Tolkien paid special attention to its plant life; in total, over 160 plants are explicitly mentioned and described as a part of Middle-Earth. Nearly all of these plantsare real species, and many of the fictional plants are based on scientifically grounded botanic principles. In Flora of Middle Earth: Plants of Tolkien's Legendarium, botanist Walter Judd gives a detailed species account of every plant found in Tolkien's universe, complete with the etymology of the plant's name, a discussion of its significance within Tolkien's work, a description of the plant's distribution and ecology, and an original hand-drawn illustration by artist Graham Judd in the style of a woodcut print. Among the over three-thousand vascular plants Tolkien would have seen in the British Isles, the authors show why Tolkien may have selected certain plants for inclusion in his universe over others, in terms of their botanic properties and traditional uses. The clear, comprehensive alphabetical listing of each species, along with the visual identification key of the plant drawings, adds to the reader's understanding and appreciation of the Tolkien canon. "--

"This book catalogs every plant found in J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium, showing how these plants influenced Tolkien's stories and characters"--

Few settings in literature are as widely known or celebrated as J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-Earth. The natural landscape plays a major role in nearly all of Tolkien's major works, and readers have come to view the geography of this fictional universe as integral to understanding and enjoying Tolkien's works. And in laying out this continent, Tolkien paid special attention to its plant life; in total, over 160 plants are explicitly mentioned and described as a part of Middle-Earth. Nearly all of these plants are real species, and many of the fictional plants are based on scientifically grounded botanic principles.

In Flora of Middle Earth: Plants of Tolkien's Legendarium, botanist Walter Judd gives a detailed species account of every plant found in Tolkien's universe, complete with the etymology of the plant's name, a discussion of its significance within Tolkien's work, a description of the plant's distribution and ecology, and an original hand-drawn illustration by artist Graham Judd in the style of a woodcut print. Among the over three-thousand vascular plants Tolkien would have seen in the British Isles, the authors show why Tolkien may have selected certain plants for inclusion in his universe over others, in terms of their botanic properties and traditional uses. The clear, comprehensive alphabetical listing of each species, along with the visual identification key of the plant drawings, adds to the reader's understanding and appreciation of the Tolkien canon.

Recenzijas

[ Judd] has in this book produced an extremely detailed survey of the plants that create the distinctive landscapes of Middle-earth. Each plant is treated with the same botanical precision. * Lynn Forest-Hill, Tolkien Studies * The clear, comprehensive alphabetical listing of each species, along with the visual identification key of the plant drawings, adds to the readers understanding and appreciation of the Tolkien canon. * Ian Street, Annals of Botany * Walter Judd lifts lovely passages from Tolkien's prose to elucidate on different plant species. There is helpful basic botany to further offset [ our] 'plant blindness'. Graham Judd's rich, black and white illustrations are intriguing combinations of botanical likenesses and psychological commentary. * The New York Journal of Books *

List of Figures
xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 Introduction: The Importance of Plants in J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium
1(5)
2 Plant Communities of Middle-earth
6(23)
Arctic Tundra and Polar Desert
6(2)
Boreal Coniferous Forest (Taiga) and Montane Coniferous Forests
8(3)
Grasslands, Prairies, and Steppes
11(3)
Deserts
14(2)
Cool- to Warm-Temperate, Deciduous Forests
16(7)
Comparison of the Trees of Middle-earth with Those of England
23(2)
Plant Communities, as Altered by Hobbits, Humans, Elves, or Angelic Beings (Maiar or Valar)
25(4)
3 The Diversity of Life, with a Focus on the Green Plants
29(7)
4 Introduction to Plant Morphology: Learning the Language of Plant Descriptions
36(14)
Duration and Habit
37(1)
Roots
38(1)
Stems
38(1)
Leaves
39(5)
Inflorescences
44(1)
Flowers
45(3)
Fruits and Seeds
48(1)
Pollen and Seed Cones
49(1)
5 Identification of the Plants of Middle-earth
50(17)
Key 1 Key to Plants of Middle-earth
52(7)
Key 2 Flowering Herbs of Middle-earth
59(8)
6 Telperion and Laurelin: The Two Trees of Valinor
67(6)
Etymology
71(1)
Description of Telperion
72(1)
Description of Laurelin
72(1)
7 The Plants of Middle-earth
73(274)
List of Plants of J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium
74(4)
Aeglos, and Gorse or Whin (Ulex europaeus)
78(3)
Alders (Alnus spp.)
81(2)
Alfirin and Mallos (Fritillaria spp., yellow-flowered)
83(3)
Anemones (Anemone spp.)
86(3)
Apples (Malus domestica, M. sylvestris, and related species)
89(3)
Ashes (Fraxinus spp.)
92(3)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
95(2)
Bay (Laurus nobilis)
97(1)
Beard Lichens (Usnea spp.)
98(3)
Beeches (Fagus spp.)
101(3)
Billberry or Whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum, and related species)
104(3)
Birches (Betula spp.)
107(3)
Blackberries, Raspberries, Brambles (Rubus spp.)
110(4)
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)
114(3)
Buttercups (Ranunculus spp.)
117(1)
Campion (Sikne spp.)
118(2)
Cedar (Cedrus libani)
120(3)
Clovers (Trifolium spp.)
123(2)
Coffee (Cojfea arabica and C. canephora)
125(3)
Cress, Watercress (Nasturtium officinale, and related species)
128(2)
Cyanobacteria, Blue-Green Bacteria (various genera of Cyanobacteria, a subgroup of the Bacteria.)
130(3)
Daffodils (Narcissus spp.)
133(1)
Daisy (Bellis perennis)
134(2)
Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale, T. erythrospermum, and relatives)
136(1)
Ebony (Diospyros spp.)
137(1)
Elanor (a species of Anagallis, unique to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium)
138(4)
Elms (Ulmus spp.)
142(2)
Evermind, Simbelmyne, Ulios (a species of Anemone, unique to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium)
144(3)
Ferns (Adiantum, Asplenium, Athryium, Blechnum, Dryopteris, Polypodium, Polystichum, Thelypteris, Woodsia, and others)
147(1)
Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium)
148(4)
Firs (Abies spp.)
152(3)
Flag-Lilies or Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
155(2)
Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
157(2)
Forget-Me-Nots (Myosotis spp.)
159(3)
Fragrant Trees from Eressea (various species)
162(1)
Grape Vines, Wine (Vitis vinifera, and relatives)
163(3)
Grass (various genera dominating temperate prairies or steppes; e.g., Agropyron, Andropogon, Bouteloua, Bromus, Pestuca, Koeleria, Panicum, Poa, Schizachyrium, Sorghastrum, Stipa)
166(3)
Harts-Tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium)
169(3)
Hawthorns, Thorns (Crataegus spp.)
172(4)
Hazels and Filberts (Corylus avellana, C. maxima, and related species)
176(3)
Heath (Erica spp.)
179(1)
Heather, Ling (Calluna vulgaris)
180(4)
Hemlock, Hemlock-Umbels (Conium maculatum, poison hemlock, or perhaps Anthricus sylvestris, cow parsley)
184(3)
Hemp, Gallow-Grass (Cannabis sativa)
187(1)
Holly (Ilex aquifolium, and related species)
188(4)
Horse-Chestnuts, Chestnuts (Aesculus spp.)
192(3)
Ivy (Hedera helix, and relatives)
195(3)
Kingsfoil, Athelias (based, at least in part, on comfrey, Symphytum spp.)
198(4)
Laburnums, Field of Cormallen, Culumalda (Laburnum anagyroides, L. alpinum)
202(1)
Larches (Larix spp.)
203(1)
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia and relatives)
204(3)
Lilies (Lilium spp.)
207(3)
Lindens (Tilia spp.)
210(3)
Lissuin (An unknown species, never established in Middle-earth)
213(1)
Mallorn-Trees (species unique to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, based in part upon Fagus, Prunus)
213(3)
Moss (various genera)
216(3)
Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, and related species)
219(2)
Nasturtians, Nasturtiums, Indian Cresses (Tropaeolum majus, and related species)
221(3)
Nettles (Urtica dioica, and related species)
224(3)
Niphredil (a species unique to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, but based upon Galanthus nivalis)
227(2)
Oaks (Quercus spp.)
229(4)
Olive (Olea europaea)
233(2)
Pines (Pinus spp.)
235(4)
Pipe-Weed, Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
239(3)
Pole Beans, Beans (Phaseolus spp.)
242(3)
Poplars (Populus spp.)
245(3)
Potatoes, Taters (Solanum tuberosum)
248(2)
Reeds (Phragmites australis)
250(4)
Rockroses (Helianthemum nummularium, and relatives)
254(2)
Roots (probably Dioscorea spp.)
256(3)
Roses, Wild Roses, Eglantine (Rosa spp., but especially R. rubiginosa and R. arvensis)
259(3)
Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia, and related species)
262(3)
Rushes (Juncus spp.)
265(2)
Sages (Salvia spp.)
267(3)
Salt Marsh Grasses, Cordgrasses (Spartina spp.)
270(3)
Saxifrages (Saxifraga spp.)
273(2)
Seafire (various bioluminescent dinoflagellates)
275(3)
Seaweeds (various large marine algae, such as Macrocystis, Fucus, Laminaria, Saccharina, Alaria, Undaria, and Sargassum)
278(2)
Sedges (Carex spp.)
280(1)
Seregon and Stonecrops (Sedum spp.)
281(3)
Sloe, Plums, and Cherries (Prunus spinosa, P. domestica, P. cerasus, P. avium, and relatives)
284(4)
Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus, and related species)
288(2)
Sorrel (Rumex acetosa, and related species of Rumex with sour leaves; i.e., Rumex subgenus Acetosa)
290(3)
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
293(1)
Tea (Camellia sinensis)
294(1)
Thistles (Cirsium spp.)
295(3)
Thrift (Armeria maritima)
298(1)
Turnips (Brassica rapa, with an emphasis on turnips and their wild relatives)
299(3)
Unnamed Hollylike Tree (Banksia sp., perhaps related to B. integrifolia)
302(1)
Waterlilies (Nymphaea alba, and related species)
303(2)
Wheat (Triticum aestivum, and close relatives)
305(3)
White Flowers of the Morgul Vale (based on Arum spp.)
308(3)
White Tree of Gondor (a species unique to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.)
311(4)
Willows (Salix spp.)
315(4)
Wood-Parsley (Anthricus sylvestris)
319(2)
Yews (Taxus spp.)
321(2)
Plants of Ithilien
323(7)
Food Plants of Middle-earth
330(5)
Hobbit Names
335(7)
Bree Names
342(2)
Unidentified and Excluded Middle-earth Plants
344(3)
8 A Note from the Illustrator
347(4)
Glossary 351(8)
Bibliography 359(4)
Index 363
Walter S. Judd is a distinguished professor emeritus in the Department of Biology, University of Florida. His research focuses on the systematics and evolution of the flowering plants. He has published over 200 refereed articles and has described numerous new species of plants. He has received the Asa Gray Award from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Jose Cuatrecasas Medal for excellence in Tropical Botany from the Smithsonian Institution, and the Merit Award from the Botanical Society of America.

Graham Judd holds an MFA in Printmaking, and received a Jerome Foundation Fellowship for Emerging Printmakers at Highpoint Center for Printmaking. He currently teaches at Augsburg College and Minneapolis College of Art and Design.