| Preface |
|
vii | |
| Preface to the SPE Printing |
|
ix | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xi | |
| Recent Developments in the Flow of Gas/Liquid Mixtures in Pipes |
|
xiii | |
| Errata |
|
xviii | |
|
|
|
xxxiii | |
|
Classification and Characteristics of Complex Mixtures |
|
|
1 | (66) |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Classification of Complex Mixtures |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Phase Separation and Settling Behavior |
|
|
3 | (20) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Terminal Settling Velocity |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
|
4 | (5) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Irregularly Shaped Particles |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Effect of Concentration and Hindered Settling Velocity |
|
|
13 | (6) |
|
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Recommended Design Procedure |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
Classification of Single-Phase and Pseudohomogeneous Multiphase Mixtures |
|
|
23 | (32) |
|
|
|
23 | (4) |
|
Time-Independent Viscous Fluids |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
|
29 | (3) |
|
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
Time-Dependent Viscous Fluids |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
|
|
41 | (5) |
|
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
|
51 | (4) |
|
Rheological Measurements and Interpretation of Data |
|
|
55 | (8) |
|
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
Interpretation of Rheological Measurements |
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
The Flow Properties of Fluids |
|
|
67 | (52) |
|
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
|
68 | (20) |
|
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
|
68 | (3) |
|
|
|
71 | (6) |
|
|
|
77 | (4) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (5) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Pseudohomogeneous Multiphase Systems |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (12) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (5) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Multicomponent Miscible Liquids |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Pseudohomogeneous Suspensions of Spherical Particles in Liquids |
|
|
97 | (3) |
|
Consistency Measures for Common Non-Newtonian Materials |
|
|
100 | (10) |
|
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
Pseudohomogeneous Materials |
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
Pseudohomogeneous Materials |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension |
|
|
110 | (4) |
|
Relationship Between Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Surface Tension of Single-Component Liquids |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Estimation from Refractive Index |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Estimation from Viscosity |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Estimation from Corresponding States |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Surface Tension of Multicomponent Liquids |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (5) |
|
Basic Concepts of the Flow of Newtonian Fluids |
|
|
119 | (18) |
|
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
The Constitutive Equation |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
The Mechanical Energy Equation |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
The Flow of Newtonian Fluids in Pipes |
|
|
137 | (45) |
|
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Criteria for Laminar, Transitional, or Turbulent Flow |
|
|
137 | (6) |
|
Criteria for Laminar and Turbulent Flow Remote from the Entrance |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
Distance from the Entrance Required for the Development of Stabilized Flow |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Steady-State Laminar Flow |
|
|
143 | (8) |
|
The Hagen-Poiseuille Relationships |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
The Friction Factor Concept |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
145 | (5) |
|
General Form of the Pressure Drop Equation |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
Steady-State Turbulent Flow |
|
|
151 | (24) |
|
Smooth Wall (SW) Turbulent Flow |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Empirical Friction Factor Relations |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Velocity Profile Relations |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
Friction Factor Relations Based on Velocity Profile Analysis |
|
|
156 | (4) |
|
Wall Roughness and Its Effectiveness |
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
Fully Rough Wall (FRW) Turbulent Flow |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
Partially Rough Wall (PRW) Turbulent Flow |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
The Friction Factor Chart |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
General Form of the Pressure Drop Equation |
|
|
169 | (6) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
175 | (3) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy of Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Acceleration or Kinetic Effects |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Pressure Gradient for the Steady Flow of Incompressible Fluids (Liquids; and Gases and Vapors when ΔP < 0.10P1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Steps in Estimating ΔP when D and Q (or V) are Known |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Steps in Estimating D when Q (or V) and ΔP (or ΔPf) are Known |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Steps in Estimating Q (or V) when D and ΔP are Known |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Pressure Gradient for the Steady Flow of Compressible Fluids (Gases and Vapors when ΔP > 0.10P1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (4) |
|
The Flow of Time-Independent Non-Newtonian Fluids in Pipes |
|
|
182 | (85) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Steady-State Laminar Flow |
|
|
183 | (29) |
|
The Rabinowitsch-Mooney Relations |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
The Relations for Pseudoplastic Fluids |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
|
186 | (6) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
The Relations for a Bingham Fluid |
|
|
196 | (5) |
|
The Relations for a Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluid |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
The Metzner and Reed Generalized Approach |
|
|
203 | (3) |
|
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
General Form of the Pressure Drop Equation |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow |
|
|
212 | (5) |
|
Steady-State Turbulent Flow |
|
|
217 | (34) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
The Relations for Pseudoplastic Fluids |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
The Dodge and Metzner Relations |
|
|
217 | (3) |
|
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
The Lord, Husley, and Melton Scale-Up Procedure |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
The Relations for a Bingham Fluid |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
The Hanks and Dadia Analysis |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
The Relations for a Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluid; The Torrance Relations |
|
|
233 | (4) |
|
The Relations for Viscoelastic Fluids |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (4) |
|
The Kilbane and Greenkorn Correlation |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Logarithmic Relationships (Meyer, and Seyer and Metzner) |
|
|
242 | (4) |
|
The Astarita et al. Relationships |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
General Form of the Pressure Drop Equation |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
The Flow of Suspensions of Fibrous Materials |
|
|
251 | (6) |
|
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
Prediction of Pressure Gradient |
|
|
253 | (4) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
257 | (5) |
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Acceleration or Kinetic Energy Effects |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Pressure Gradient for Steady Flow |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
|
|
262 | (5) |
|
The Flow of Time-Dependent Non-Newtonian Fluids in Pipes |
|
|
267 | (23) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (16) |
|
|
|
268 | (4) |
|
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
Integration of the General Equation |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
The Method of Govier and Ritter |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
The Method of Ritter and Batycky |
|
|
276 | (5) |
|
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
General Form of the Pressure Drop Equation |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
General Form of the Pressure Drop Equation |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Pressure Gradient for Steady Flow Beyond the Stabilization Distance, Lc |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Concepts of the Flow of Multiphase Mixtures |
|
|
290 | (32) |
|
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
Description of a General Two-Phase System |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (5) |
|
Total System Continuity Equation |
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
Individual Component Continuity Equations |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
The Total Energy Equation |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
The Mechanical Energy Equation |
|
|
301 | (7) |
|
Derivation from the Momentum Equation |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
Derivation from the Total Energy Equation |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
The Irreversibility Term, dPf |
|
|
305 | (3) |
|
The Slip or Holdup Effect |
|
|
308 | (12) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Ratio of the Average in situ Velocities (Holdup Ratio or Slip Ratio) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Bankoff K Factor, Armand C Factor |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Factors Influencing Holdup |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Effect of Velocity and Concentration Profile |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Effect of Local Relative Velocity Between Phases |
|
|
314 | (6) |
|
Variation of Holdup with Length |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
The Vertical Flow of Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Mixtures in Pipes |
|
|
322 | (131) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Typical Flow Patterns, Holdup and Pressure Gradient |
|
|
323 | (12) |
|
|
|
323 | (6) |
|
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
|
|
331 | (4) |
|
Empirical Overall Correlations |
|
|
335 | (27) |
|
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Analyses of Correlations Not Involving Estimates of the in situ Concentration or Density |
|
|
340 | (11) |
|
Analyses or Correlations Involving Estimates of the in situ Concentration or Density |
|
|
351 | (10) |
|
The Prediction Scheme of Orkiszewski |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (27) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Bubble Generation at Submerged Orifices |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
The Rise Velocity of Single Bubbles in a Stagnant Liquid |
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
The Effect of the Tube Wall |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
Effect of Radial and Axial Interaction Between Bubbles |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
Axial Interaction - Approach to Stabilization |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Rise Velocity of a Continuous Swarm of Bubbles in a Stagnant Liquid |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
Cross-Sectional Distribution of Bubbles in a Flowing Stream |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Cross Sectional Distribution of Bubble Velocity in a Flowing Stream |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
The Average Absolute Rise Velocity of Bubbles in a Flowing Stream |
|
|
379 | (5) |
|
The Overall Mechanics of the Bubble Flow Pattern |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
The Transition from Bubble to Slug Flow |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (25) |
|
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
391 | (4) |
|
The Flow of a Taylor Bubble in Stagnant Liquids |
|
|
395 | (5) |
|
The Flow of a Taylor Bubble in Flowing Liquids |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Small Bubbles in the Liquid Slug |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Relationship Between Bubble Length and Slug Length (Bubble Separation Distance) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Axial Interaction Between Bubbles |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
The Flow of the Film Surrounding the Taylor Bubble |
|
|
404 | (4) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Transition from Slug to Froth Flow |
|
|
411 | (3) |
|
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
The Annular-Mist Flow Pattern |
|
|
416 | (28) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Pure Annular Flow - No Entrainment |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Pure Annular Flow - No Entrainment |
|
|
419 | (11) |
|
Annular-Mist Flow - The Effect of Entrainment |
|
|
430 | (10) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Pure Annular Flow - No Entrainment |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
444 | (3) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Acceleration or Kinetic Energy Effects |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Flow Pattern, Holdup and Pressure Gradient for the Steady Flow of Incompressible Mixtures (Liquid-Gas Mixtures when ΔP < 0.10P1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Prediction by General Methods |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Confirmation by Specific Flow Pattern Methods |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (6) |
|
The Vertical Flow of Gas-Solid and Liquid-Solid Mixtures in Pipes |
|
|
453 | (50) |
|
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
|
|
455 | (13) |
|
|
|
456 | (5) |
|
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
|
463 | (5) |
|
|
|
468 | (29) |
|
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
|
469 | (6) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Analyses or Correlations Not Involving Estimates of the in situ Concentration or Density |
|
|
477 | (4) |
|
Analyses or Correlations Involving Estimates of the in situ Concentration or Density |
|
|
481 | (12) |
|
|
|
493 | (4) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Acceleration or Kinetic Energy Effects |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Flow Pattern, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient for the Steady Flow of Incompressible Mixtures (Liquid-Solid Mixtures And Gas-Solid Mixtures when ΔP < 0.10P1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (3) |
|
The Horizontal Flow of Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Mixtures in Pipes |
|
|
503 | (114) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Typical Flow Patterns, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient |
|
|
504 | (12) |
|
|
|
504 | (8) |
|
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Empirical Overall Correlations |
|
|
516 | (38) |
|
|
|
516 | (11) |
|
|
|
527 | (5) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
The Lockhart and Martinelli and Related Correlations |
|
|
532 | (9) |
|
The Bertuzzi, Tek, and Poettmann Correlation |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
The Baxendell Correlation |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
The Hoogendoorn and Related Correlations |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
The Dukler, Wicks, and Cleveland Correlation |
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
Effect of Pipe Inclination |
|
|
550 | (4) |
|
|
|
554 | (7) |
|
|
|
554 | (2) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Relative Velocity of the Bubbles |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Brown and Kranich for Dispersed Bubbles |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Transition to Stratified or Slug Flow Pattern |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
The Stratified Flow Pattern |
|
|
561 | (15) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
562 | (4) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
|
566 | (4) |
|
The Laminar-Turbulent or Turbulent-Turbulent Case |
|
|
570 | (5) |
|
Flow Pattern, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Transition to the Annular-Mist and to the Wave Flow Patterns |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (12) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
Overall Momentum Considerations |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
The Hubbard and Dukler Model |
|
|
581 | (5) |
|
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
Flow Pattern, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Transition to Annular-Mist Flow |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
The Annular-Mist Flow Pattern |
|
|
589 | (21) |
|
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Pure Annular Flow - No Entrainment |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Concentric Film Flow - No Entrainment |
|
|
592 | (8) |
|
Circumferential Variation of Film Thickness |
|
|
600 | (3) |
|
|
|
603 | (4) |
|
|
|
607 | (2) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
610 | (3) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Acceleration or Kinetic Energy Effects |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Flow Pattern, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient for the Steady Flow of Incompressible Mixtures (Liquid-Solid Mixtures and Gas-Solid Mixtures when ΔP < 0.10P1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Prediction by General Methods |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Confirmation by Specific Flow Pattern Methods |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (4) |
|
The Horizontal Flow of Gas-Solid and Liquid-Solid Mixtures in Pipes |
|
|
617 | (95) |
|
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
Typical Flow Patterns, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient |
|
|
619 | (22) |
|
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
|
|
621 | (11) |
|
|
|
632 | (3) |
|
|
|
635 | (6) |
|
|
|
641 | (63) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (19) |
|
Velocity and Concentration Profiles |
|
|
662 | (3) |
|
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (12) |
|
Symmetric Concentration Flow Pattern |
|
|
680 | (5) |
|
Asymmetric Concentration Flow Pattern |
|
|
685 | (5) |
|
Moving and Stationary Bed Flow Patterns |
|
|
690 | (14) |
|
Recommended Design Methods |
|
|
704 | (4) |
|
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
Kinetic Energy or Acceleration Effects |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Flow Pattern, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient for the Steady Flow of Incompressible Mixtures (Liquid-Solid Mixtures; Gas-Solid Mixtures when ΔP < 0.10P1) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Predictions by General Methods |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Confirmation by Specific Flow Pattern Methods |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
|
708 | (4) |
|
The Flow of Capsules in Pipes |
|
|
712 | (46) |
|
|
|
712 | (2) |
|
Typical Flow Patterns, Holdup, and Pressure Gradient |
|
|
714 | (11) |
|
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Overall Continuity Considerations |
|
|
716 | (3) |
|
|
|
719 | (4) |
|
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
General Analyses and Correlations |
|
|
725 | (27) |
|
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Concentric Cylindrical Capsules |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
Velocity and Holdup Analysis-Laminar Flow |
|
|
726 | (2) |
|
Velocity and Holdup Analysis-Turbulent Flow |
|
|
728 | (2) |
|
Pressure Gradient Analysis-Laminar and Turbulent Flow |
|
|
730 | (3) |
|
Nonconcentric Cylindrical Capsules |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Laminar Flow-Analysis in Terms of Clearance |
|
|
733 | (8) |
|
Laminar and Turbulent Flow-Approximate Force Balance Analyses |
|
|
741 | (11) |
|
Recommended Design Methods (Preliminary Only) |
|
|
752 | (3) |
|
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bends and Fittings |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Potential Energy or Hydrostatic Head Effects |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Acceleration or Kinetic Energy Effects |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Pressure Gradient and Holdup for the Steady Flow of Capsules |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
|
755 | (3) |
|
|
|
758 | (21) |
|
Constants and Physical Properties of Common Pure Substances |
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
Values of Z(0) for Compressibility Factor Calculation |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
Values of Z(0) in the Critical Region and Near the Two-Phase Region |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
Values of Z(1) for Compressibility Factor Calculation |
|
|
763 | (2) |
|
Values of Z(1) in the Critical Region and Near the Two-Phase Region |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Constants for the Alani and Kennedy Equation |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
Reduced Liquid Volumes for the Lyckman et al. Equation |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
Values of the Constant n in the Goldhammer Equation (Eq. 2.26) |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
Typical Liquid Compressibilities |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
Gas-Viscosity Temperature Function for the Bromley and Wilke Equation |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
Liquid Molal Volume at the Normal Boiling Point |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
Structural Contributions to Calculate the Constant B in Eq. 2.54 |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Group Contributions to the Parachor [ P] |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
Group Contributions to the Molar Refraction [ RD] |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
Constant for the Eykman Equation |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Constants for the Pelofsky Equation |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Values of the Constant a in the Meissner and Michaels Equation |
|
|
777 | (2) |
| Index |
|
779 | |
