Preface |
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ix | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (10) |
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4 | (7) |
2 Porous rocks |
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11 | (17) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (5) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.7 Modelling flow in complex rocks |
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23 | (5) |
3 Flow in porous rocks |
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28 | (24) |
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29 | (3) |
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3.2 Sweep and flow in a two-layer system |
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32 | (2) |
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3.3 Sweep in a multi-layer system |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (6) |
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3.7 Effects of multiple baffles and reduced vertical permeability |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
4 Accounting for uncertainty |
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52 | (18) |
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4.1 Sweep in the layered reservoir |
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53 | (1) |
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4.2 Boundary location and geological uncertainty |
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53 | (6) |
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4.3 Difference in spatial distribution of mean and variance |
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59 | (4) |
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4.4 Sensitivity to geological uncertainties |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (2) |
5 Dispersion in porous media |
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70 | (22) |
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5.1 Molecular diffusion in a porous layer |
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71 | (1) |
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5.2 Pore-scale mechanical dispersion |
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72 | (3) |
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75 | (2) |
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5.4 Experimental laws for dispersion |
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77 | (3) |
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5.5 Lenses of different permeability |
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80 | (4) |
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5.6 Large-scale shear dispersion |
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84 | (5) |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
6 Frontal instability |
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92 | (18) |
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6.1 A model of the instability |
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92 | (5) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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6.4 Fluid annuli and droplet formation |
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100 | (3) |
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6.5 Instability of reaction fronts |
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103 | (1) |
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6.6 Instabilities in unconsolidated porous media |
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104 | (2) |
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6.7 Fingering in fractures of variable width |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (1) |
7 Two-phase flow |
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110 | (18) |
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110 | (2) |
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7.2 Capillary entry pressure |
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112 | (2) |
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7.3 Gas cap size and transition zones |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (7) |
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7.5 The thin gap analogue |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | (1) |
8 Fluid-rock interactions |
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128 | (28) |
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8.1 Thermal energy conservation |
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129 | (3) |
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8.2 Instability of a thermal front |
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132 | (1) |
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8.3 Compositional reactions |
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133 | (3) |
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8.4 Thermally controlled reactions |
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136 | (1) |
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8.5 The partial dissolution reaction |
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137 | (3) |
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8.6 The full dissolution reaction |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (1) |
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8.8 Polymer released from a dissolving encapsulant |
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143 | (4) |
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8.9 Polymer activated by a thermal trigger |
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147 | (4) |
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8.10 Polymer injection into a multi-layer formation |
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151 | (3) |
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154 | (2) |
9 Gravity-driven flow in porous media |
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156 | (40) |
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9.1 Point release of buoyant fluid |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (3) |
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9.3 Rapid injection and drain back: the dipole |
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169 | (1) |
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9.4 Multiple fluids and stratified currents |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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9.8 Capillary trapping in a plume running upslope |
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179 | (2) |
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9.9 Confined gravity-driven flows |
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181 | (3) |
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9.10 Confined buoyancy-driven flow on a slope |
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184 | (6) |
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9.11 Three-dimensional gravity currents |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (2) |
10 Buoyancy effects on dispersion |
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196 | (31) |
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10.1 Buoyancy effects on pore-scale mechanical dispersion |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (5) |
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10.3 Dispersal of a vertical plume by shale baffles |
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207 | (3) |
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10.4 Dispersion by inclined baffles |
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210 | (3) |
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10.5 Dispersion in a multi-layered horizontal system |
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213 | (3) |
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10.6 Boundaries and buoyancy-driven dispersion through trapping |
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216 | (3) |
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10.7 Exchange flows, mixing and controls on dissolution of CO2 |
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219 | (4) |
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10.8 Long-time buoyancy-driven dispersion |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
11 Geothermal power and heat storage |
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227 | (35) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (3) |
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11.5 Boiling gravity-driven flows |
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236 | (2) |
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11.6 Double-advective plumes with reversing buoyancy |
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238 | (5) |
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11.7 Gravity currents with thermal and compositional buoyancy |
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243 | (3) |
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11.8 Scale precipitation and its impact on buoyancy-driven flow |
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246 | (3) |
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11.9 Aquifer thermal energy storage |
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249 | (2) |
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11.10 One-dimensional injection and production of hot water |
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251 | (1) |
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11.11 Heat loss to lenses of low permeability |
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252 | (3) |
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11.12 Heat loss to the surrounding formation |
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255 | (2) |
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11.13 Mixing of the injected and formation fluids on extraction |
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257 | (3) |
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260 | (2) |
12 Compressibility and gas flows |
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262 | (17) |
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12.1 Idealised one-dimensional gas production |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (2) |
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12.3 Radial flow and fracking |
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270 | (3) |
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12.4 Multiple-layer formations |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (1) |
13 Epilogue |
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279 | (2) |
References |
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281 | (4) |
Index |
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285 | |