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Flow in Porous Rocks: Energy and Environmental Applications [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 289 pages, height x width x depth: 252x178x20 mm, weight: 810 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 45 Plates, color; 83 Halftones, unspecified; 96 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107065852
  • ISBN-13: 9781107065857
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 150,95 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 289 pages, height x width x depth: 252x178x20 mm, weight: 810 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 45 Plates, color; 83 Halftones, unspecified; 96 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107065852
  • ISBN-13: 9781107065857
Focusing on simplified models of physical flow processes, this book develops a series of quantitative models to describe the recovery of oil and gas from hydrocarbon reservoirs (including fracking), the physics of geo-sequestration of CO2, geothermal power production, and the potential for underground contaminant dispersal in the long-term storage of nuclear waste. The author approaches these problems by developing simplified mathematical models and identifying the key dimensionless variables that control the processes. This analysis is then used to demonstrate the challenges and constraints of modelling flow in complex and heterogeneous rocks, which often have uncertain flow properties. Analytical solutions for flows are provided where possible, and analogue laboratory experiments are also presented to help illustrate and provide a different perspective on the flows. Incorporating end-of-chapter exercises, this is an important introduction to the different controls on flow in porous rocks for academic researchers, energy industry professionals and graduate students.

Using a series of quantitative models combined with analogue experiments, this book explains the recovery of oil and gas from hydrocarbon reservoirs (including fracking), geo-sequestration of CO2, and geothermal power production. Analytical flow solutions and end-of-chapter exercises complete this key resource for researchers, energy industry professionals and graduate students.

Recenzijas

'Students or members of the industry with a strong background in fluid dynamics will find this book accessible. Practicing reservoir engineers may find this book particularly insightful due to [ the] novel approach of nice applied mathematics coupled with simple experiments.' Colin R. Meyer, Pure and Applied Geophysics

Papildus informācija

This book provides simplified models explaining flows in heterogeneous rocks, their physics and energy production processes, for researchers, energy industry professionals and graduate students.
Preface ix
1 Introduction 1(10)
1.1 The energy context
4(7)
2 Porous rocks 11(17)
2.1 Turbidites
11(2)
2.2 Deltaic deposits
13(5)
2.3 Fluvial deposits
18(2)
2.4 Aeolian
20(1)
2.5 Compaction
21(1)
2.6 Carbonates
22(1)
2.7 Modelling flow in complex rocks
23(5)
3 Flow in porous rocks 28(24)
3.1 Source—sink flows
29(3)
3.2 Sweep and flow in a two-layer system
32(2)
3.3 Sweep in a multi-layer system
34(1)
3.4 Lenses and trapping
35(4)
3.5 Wavy layers
39(1)
3.6 Seal layers
39(6)
3.7 Effects of multiple baffles and reduced vertical permeability
45(2)
3.8 Faults
47(2)
3.9 Cross-bedding
49(2)
3.10 Exercises
51(1)
4 Accounting for uncertainty 52(18)
4.1 Sweep in the layered reservoir
53(1)
4.2 Boundary location and geological uncertainty
53(6)
4.3 Difference in spatial distribution of mean and variance
59(4)
4.4 Sensitivity to geological uncertainties
63(5)
4.5 Exercises
68(2)
5 Dispersion in porous media 70(22)
5.1 Molecular diffusion in a porous layer
71(1)
5.2 Pore-scale mechanical dispersion
72(3)
5.3 No-slip effects
75(2)
5.4 Experimental laws for dispersion
77(3)
5.5 Lenses of different permeability
80(4)
5.6 Large-scale shear dispersion
84(5)
5.7 Oscillatory flow
89(2)
5.8 Exercises
91(1)
6 Frontal instability 92(18)
6.1 A model of the instability
92(5)
6.2 Surface tension
97(2)
6.3 Axisymmetric flow
99(1)
6.4 Fluid annuli and droplet formation
100(3)
6.5 Instability of reaction fronts
103(1)
6.6 Instabilities in unconsolidated porous media
104(2)
6.7 Fingering in fractures of variable width
106(3)
6.8 Exercises
109(1)
7 Two-phase flow 110(18)
7.1 Wetting
110(2)
7.2 Capillary entry pressure
112(2)
7.3 Gas cap size and transition zones
114(2)
7.4 Two-phase flow
116(7)
7.5 The thin gap analogue
123(1)
7.6 Capillary imbibition
124(3)
7.7 Exercises
127(1)
8 Fluid-rock interactions 128(28)
8.1 Thermal energy conservation
129(3)
8.2 Instability of a thermal front
132(1)
8.3 Compositional reactions
133(3)
8.4 Thermally controlled reactions
136(1)
8.5 The partial dissolution reaction
137(3)
8.6 The full dissolution reaction
140(3)
8.7 Polymer floods
143(1)
8.8 Polymer released from a dissolving encapsulant
143(4)
8.9 Polymer activated by a thermal trigger
147(4)
8.10 Polymer injection into a multi-layer formation
151(3)
8.11 Exercises
154(2)
9 Gravity-driven flow in porous media 156(40)
9.1 Point release of buoyant fluid
162(4)
9.2 The leaky boundary
166(3)
9.3 Rapid injection and drain back: the dipole
169(1)
9.4 Multiple fluids and stratified currents
170(3)
9.5 Reacting fronts
173(3)
9.6 Capillary trapping
176(2)
9.7 Flow on a slope
178(1)
9.8 Capillary trapping in a plume running upslope
179(2)
9.9 Confined gravity-driven flows
181(3)
9.10 Confined buoyancy-driven flow on a slope
184(6)
9.11 Three-dimensional gravity currents
190(4)
9.12 Exercises
194(2)
10 Buoyancy effects on dispersion 196(31)
10.1 Buoyancy effects on pore-scale mechanical dispersion
199(3)
10.2 Convective plumes
202(5)
10.3 Dispersal of a vertical plume by shale baffles
207(3)
10.4 Dispersion by inclined baffles
210(3)
10.5 Dispersion in a multi-layered horizontal system
213(3)
10.6 Boundaries and buoyancy-driven dispersion through trapping
216(3)
10.7 Exchange flows, mixing and controls on dissolution of CO2
219(4)
10.8 Long-time buoyancy-driven dispersion
223(3)
10.9 Exercises
226(1)
11 Geothermal power and heat storage 227(35)
11.1 Thermal fronts
229(1)
11.2 Boiling fronts
230(2)
11.3 Slow boiling
232(1)
11.4 Fast boiling
233(3)
11.5 Boiling gravity-driven flows
236(2)
11.6 Double-advective plumes with reversing buoyancy
238(5)
11.7 Gravity currents with thermal and compositional buoyancy
243(3)
11.8 Scale precipitation and its impact on buoyancy-driven flow
246(3)
11.9 Aquifer thermal energy storage
249(2)
11.10 One-dimensional injection and production of hot water
251(1)
11.11 Heat loss to lenses of low permeability
252(3)
11.12 Heat loss to the surrounding formation
255(2)
11.13 Mixing of the injected and formation fluids on extraction
257(3)
11.14 Exercises
260(2)
12 Compressibility and gas flows 262(17)
12.1 Idealised one-dimensional gas production
264(4)
12.2 Well selection
268(2)
12.3 Radial flow and fracking
270(3)
12.4 Multiple-layer formations
273(2)
12.5 Shale gas
275(3)
12.6 Exercises
278(1)
13 Epilogue 279(2)
References 281(4)
Index 285
Andrew W. Woods is the BP Professor and Head of the BP Institute in the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of St Johns College, Cambridge. His research interests include theoretical and experimental modelling of flows in porous rocks, phase changes, turbulent plumes, volcanic systems and other natural flows in the environment and near surface of the Earth. Professor Woods has received several awards including the 1997 Italgas Prize for work on geothermal systems, the 1997 Marcello Carapezza Prize for work on volcanic systems, and the 2002 Wager Medal of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior.