| Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Introduction |
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xv | |
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1 Flowers and pollination in lore and legend |
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1 | (6) |
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2 Categorising rainforest plants |
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7 | (26) |
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The dawning of vascular plants, and those that are dead |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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Pollination of cycads and the dichotomy of contention |
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10 | (3) |
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Australian conifers and their problem of pollination |
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13 | (3) |
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Pollen feeders of Araucariaceae |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (16) |
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3 Rise of the angiosperms, and archaic vascular plants in Australia's rainforests |
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33 | (10) |
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Archaic Australian rainforest angiosperms |
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35 | (7) |
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Development of the ancestral angiosperm flower |
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42 | (1) |
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Chemical warfare and the evolution of flowers |
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43 | (1) |
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Influence of flower structure, colour and fragrance |
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43 | (4) |
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Ultraviolet light and perception of flower colours |
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47 | (2) |
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Floral rewards and the composition of nectar |
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49 | (4) |
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Heat production in angiosperms |
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53 | (1) |
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Flowering plants as breeding sites for pollinators |
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54 | (2) |
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Attraction of the comely shape: orchid flowers and barren illusion |
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56 | (1) |
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Flowering plants that mimic death |
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57 | (2) |
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Being naked: deciduousness and its benefits to pollination |
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59 | (2) |
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5 Introduction to breeding systems |
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61 | (8) |
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Influence of breeding systems |
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61 | (2) |
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Apomixis and coppicing: life without sex |
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63 | (2) |
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Dioecy: separation as an example of obligate out-crossing |
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65 | (2) |
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Protogyny and protandry: the courteous segregation of sexual function |
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67 | (2) |
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6 Spatial and temporal structure of rainforest: general mechanisms that influence pollination and reproductive ecology |
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69 | (8) |
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Phenology: recurrence of the flowering phenomenon |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (1) |
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Forest strata and synusiae |
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74 | (3) |
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7 Australian vegetation history and its influence on plant-pollinator relationships |
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77 | (8) |
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Plant-pollinator interactions |
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77 | (1) |
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Factors affecting movement and recruitment of pollinators |
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78 | (2) |
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Pollination of sparsely flowering species |
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80 | (1) |
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Pollination of mass-flowering species |
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80 | (1) |
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Sharing of pollinators: the `guild' concept |
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81 | (4) |
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8 Pollination and the Australian flora |
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85 | (2) |
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Pollination in Australian Myrtaceae |
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85 | (2) |
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9 Pollination syndromes: who brings the `flower children' in rainforest? |
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87 | (40) |
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Wind pollination in flowering plants and the ballistic release of pollen |
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88 | (4) |
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Pollen sculpture in subtropical rainforest plants: is wind pollination more common than suspected? |
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92 | (1) |
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General entomophily: pollination by the small and the many |
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93 | (1) |
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Pollination by beetles (cantharophily) |
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94 | (4) |
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Pollination by Diptera (myophily and sapromyophily) |
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98 | (2) |
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Pollination by Hymenoptera |
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100 | (1) |
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Pollination by wasps (sphecophily) |
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100 | (3) |
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Pollination by ants (myrmecophily) |
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103 | (1) |
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Pollination by bees (melittophily) |
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104 | (9) |
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Pollination by Lepidoptera (butterflies - psychophily, moths - phalaenophily) |
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113 | (3) |
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Pollination by miscellaneous insects and other invertebrate groups, especially thrips |
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116 | (2) |
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Pollination by birds (ornithophily) |
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118 | (2) |
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Pollination by fruit-bats, flying-foxes and blossom-bats (chiropterophily) |
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120 | (2) |
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Pollination by non-flying mammals |
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122 | (1) |
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Pollination by reptiles (saurophily) |
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123 | (4) |
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Appendix 1 Pollination ecology of Australian subtropical rainforests: implications for the conservation of remnant communities |
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127 | (8) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (3) |
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Impacts of fragmentation and conservation of remnants |
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130 | (3) |
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Further contributions to the Dark Side |
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133 | (2) |
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Appendix 2 Case studies of pollination in the Australian rainforest flora |
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135 | (14) |
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Case 1 The forest floor: mixed hover-fly (Syrphidae) and bee pollination in Pollia crispata |
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135 | (3) |
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Case 2 The forest subcanopy: bee pollination and buzz-collection of pollen in threatened Australian shrub Senna acclinis |
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138 | (2) |
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Case 3 The forest subcanopy: vertebrate-invertebrate pollinator plasticity in the Australian tropical rainforest tree Syzygium cormiflorum |
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140 | (1) |
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Case 4 The forest canopy: pollination of the rainforest pioneer tree Alphitonia excelsa |
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141 | (6) |
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Case 5 A rainforest tree nearly too far away: Grevillea robusta |
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147 | (2) |
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Appendix 3 Large insects and their place in the scheme of things |
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149 | (8) |
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Pollen loads carried by large insects in Australian rainforests |
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149 | (1) |
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Examples of large pollen-carrying insect taxa |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (4) |
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Appendix 4 Some dioecious and partly dioecious species in Australian subtropical rainforests |
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157 | (1) |
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Appendix 5 Self-compatibility in Australian lowland subtropical rainforest species |
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158 | (2) |
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Appendix 6 Rainforest trees and shrubs that regenerate from coppice growth following bushfire |
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160 | (1) |
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Appendix 7 Generalised pollen groups based on exine sculpture |
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161 | (5) |
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Appendix 8 Species of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with the flowers of Australian subtropical rainforest plants |
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166 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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168 | (23) |
| Index |
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191 | |
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