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Fluid Bed Technology in Materials Processing [Hardback]

D. Sathiyamoorthy, C. K. Gupta (Bhabha Atomic Res Centre, Bombay, India)

Formāts: Hardback, 524 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 929 g
Izdošanas datums: 28-Dec-1998
Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-10: 0849348323
ISBN-13: 9780849348327

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Environmental science, engineering & technology - (Noliktavā: 2 punkts)
Chemical engineering

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Cena: 210,77 €
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Formāts: Hardback, 524 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 929 g
Izdošanas datums: 28-Dec-1998
Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-10: 0849348323
ISBN-13: 9780849348327

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Environmental science, engineering & technology - (Noliktavā: 2 punkts)
Chemical engineering

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780849348327.html

Keywords:

Examines aspects of fluidization engineering, elaborating on applications in materials processing and bioengineering. Analyzes fluidization in the nuclear engineering and nuclear fuel cycle, and evaluates new fluidized beds in materials processing, bioengineering, and downstream processing. Introduces principles and applications of fluidization engineering, and discusses design aspects and modeling, incorporating distributor effects and flow regimes. Presents industrial applications with examples in extraction and process metallurgy. For those in metallurgy, chemical engineering, high-temperature materials, and nuclear chemical engineering. The authors are affiliated with the Bhabha Atomic Research Center. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Fluid Bed Technology in Materials Processing comprehensively covers the various aspects of fluidization engineering and presents an elaborate examination of the applications in a multitude of materials processing techniques.
This singular resource discusses:

All the basic aspects of fluidization essential to understand and learn about various techniques

The range of industrial applications

Several examples in extraction and process metallurgy

Fluidization in nuclear engineering and nuclear fuel cycle with numerous examples

Innovative techniques and several advanced concepts of fluidization engineering, including use and applications in materials processing as well as environmental and bio-engineering

Pros and cons of various fluidization equipment and specialty of their applications, including several examples

Design aspects and modeling

Topics related to distributors effects and flow regimes
A separate chapter outlines the importance of fluidization engineering in high temperature processing, including an analysis of the fundamental concepts and applications of high temperature fluidized bed furnaces for several advanced materials processing techniques.
Presenting information usually not available in a single source, Fluid Bed Technology in Materials Processing serves

Fluidization engineers

Practicing engineers in process metallurgy, mineral engineering, and chemical metallurgy

Researchers in the field of chemical, metallurgical, nuclear, biological, environmental engineering

Energy engineering professionals

High temperature scientists and engineers

Students and professionals who adopt modeling of fluidization in their venture for design and scale up

Foreword

iii

Preface

Dedication

Acknowledgments

vii

The Authors

viii

Generalities and Basics of Fluidization

(126)

Introduction

(6)

Fluidike Behavior

(1)

Fluidization State

(1)

Gas/Liquid Flow

(1)

Onset of Fluidization

(1)

Situation at the Onset of Fluidization

(1)

Bed Pressure Drop

(2)

Advantages of Fluidized Bed

(1)

Disadvantages of Fluidized Bed

(1)

Properties of Particles and the Granular Bed

(7)

Particles

(1)

Size

(1)

Definition

(2)

Sphericity

(1)

Roughness

(1)

Granular Bed

(1)

Bed Porosity or Voidage

(1)

Voidage and Packing

(1)

Polydisperse System

(1)

Container Effect

(1)

Important Properties of Particulate Solids

(1)

Density

(1)

Angular Properties

(1)

Grouping of Gas Fluidization

(9)

Hydrodynamics-Based Groups

(1)

Geldart Groups

(3)

Molerus Groups

(1)

Clark et al. Groups

(1)

Dimensionless Geldart Groups

(1)

Hydrodynamics- and Thermal-Properties-Based Groups

(1)

Variables Affecting Fluidization

(1)

Varieties of Fluidization

(1)

Hydrodynamics of Two-Phase Fludization

(23)

Minimum Fluidization Velocity

(1)

Experimental Determination

(1)

Pressure Drop Method

(1)

Voidage Method

(1)

Heat Transfer Method

(1)

Theoretical Predictions

(1)

Dimensional Analysis (Direct Correlation)

(1)

Drag Force Method

(4)

Pressure Drop Method

(3)

Terminal Velocity Method

(2)

Terminal Velocity

(1)

Definition

(1)

Mathematical Representation

(1)

Drag Coefficient

(1)

Evaluation of Drag Coefficient

(1)

Correlations for Drag Coefficient

(1)

Terminal Velocity for Single Spherical Particle

(1)

Difficulties in Predicting Particle Terminal Velocity

(2)

Some Advances in Predicting Particle Terminal Velocity

(3)

Experimental Methods for Determining Particle Terminal Velocity

(1)

Common Procedures

(1)

Relative Methods

(2)

Flow Phenomena

(5)

Particulate and Aggregative Fluidization

(2)

Regimes of Fluidization

(1)

Bubbling Bed

(1)

Turbulent Bed

(1)

Fast Fluidization

(1)

Dilute-Phase Flow

(1)

Flow Regime Mapping

(1)

Three-Phase Fluidization

(9)

Introduction

(1)

Classification

(1)

Cocurrent Upflow of Gas-Liquid

(1)

Countercurrent Flow

(2)

Hydrodynamics

(1)

Parameters

(1)

Pressure Drop and Holdup

(2)

Holdup Determination by Experiments

(1)

Turbulent Contact Absorber

(2)

Heat Transfer

(17)

Introduction

(1)

Groups

(1)

Fluid-Particle Heat Transfer

(1)

Steady State

(1)

Unsteady State

(1)

Bed-Wall Heat Transfer

(1)

Models

(1)

Film Model

(1)

Modified Film Model

(1)

Emulsion Packet Model

(1)

Predictions of Heat Transfer Coefficient

(1)

Additive Components

(1)

Particle-Convective Component

(2)

Gas-Convective Component

(1)

Radiative Component

(1)

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

(1)

Heat Transfer to Immersed Surfaces

(1)

Vertical Surfaces

(1)

Horizontal Surfaces

(1)

Effects of Operating Variables

(1)

Effect of Velocity

(1)

Heat Transfer Coefficient versus Velocity

(1)

Flow Regime Effect

(2)

Optimum Velocity

(2)

Distributor Effects

(1)

Heat Transfer in Liquid Fluidized Beds

(1)

Differences with Gas-Solid Systems

(1)

Heat Transfer

(1)

Heat Transfer in Three-Phase Fluidized Bed

(1)

Heat Transfer Coefficient

(1)

Particle Size Effect

(1)

Correlation

(1)

Mass Transfer

(17)

Introduction

(1)

Mass Transfer Steps

(1)

Mass Transfer Between Fluidized Bed and Object or Wall

(1)

Correlations

(1)

Influencing Parameters

(1)

Role of Voidage

(1)

Mass Transfer Between Particle and Fluid

(1)

Comparison of Mass Transfer from Single Particle and Fixed Bed to Fluid

(1)

Complexity in Measurement

(1)

Correlations

(1)

Height of Transfer Unit

(1)

Velocity Effect

(1)

Experimental Technique

(1)

Mass Transfer Between Segregated Phases

(1)

Gas-Exchange Hypothesis

(1)

Gas Exchange Between Lean and Dense Phases (Two-Phase Model)

(1)

Measurement of Gas-Exchange Rate

(1)

Bubble Diameter

(1)

Mass Transfer Derived from Bubbling Bed Model

(2)

Mass Transfer in Three-Phase Fluidized Beds

(1)

Driving Forces

(1)

Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient

(1)

Description

(1)

Measurement Techniques

(1)

Influencing Factors

(1)

Effect of Flow Regimes

(1)

Effect of Properties of Gas and Liquid

(1)

Effect of Distributor Plate

(1)

Effect of Bubble Population

(1)

Liquid-Solid Mass Transfer

(1)

End Zones

(33)

Grid Zone

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Gas Jets

(1)

Description

(1)

Correlations

(1)

Density Near the Grid

(1)

Jet versus Spout

(1)

Bubbles

(1)

Dead Zone

(1)

Elutriation

(1)

Definition

(1)

Entrainment Process

(1)

Entrainment Rate

(1)

Prediction by Bubble Dynamics Method

(2)

Prediction by Mass Balance Method

100

(2)

Kunii and Levenspiel Method

102

(1)

Complexity of Parameter Determination

102

(1)

Transport Disengaging Height

103

(1)

Some Useful Remarks

104

(1)

Nomenclature

104

(7)

References

111

(16)

Applications in Mineral, Metal, and Materials Extraction and Processing

127

(82)

Drying

127

(21)

Types of Fluid Bed Dryers

127

(1)

Classification

127

(1)

Description of Dryers

128

(3)

Multistaging of Dryers

131

(1)

Drying Basics

131

(1)

Drying Rate

131

(1)

Moisture Transport

132

(2)

Characteristics of Dryers

134

(1)

Well-Mixed Type

134

(1)

Plug Flow Type

135

(1)

Models

136

(1)

Definition of Models

136

(1)

Mass (Moisture) Transport

136

(1)

Moisture at the Surface of the Particle

137

(1)

Mass Balance Across a Gas Bubble

138

(1)

Overall Mass Balance of a Fluid Bed Dryer

138

(1)

Model Testing

138

(1)

Constraints

139

(1)

Vibro Fluidized Bed Dryer

139

(1)

Basics

140

(1)

Vibro Inclined Fluidized Bed

141

(1)

Gas Velocity

141

(1)

Heat Transfer

142

(1)

Spouted Bed Dryer

142

(2)

Internally Heated Dryer versus Inert Solid Bed Dryer

144

(1)

Internally Heated Bed

144

(1)

Inert Solid Bed

144

(1)

Characteristics

145

(1)

Performance

145

(1)

Residence Time

145

(1)

Performance Assessment

146

(1)

Applications

146

(1)

Iron Ore Drying

146

(1)

Miscellaneous Areas

147

(1)

Roasting

148

(17)

Fluidization in Pyrometallurgy

148

(1)

Industrial Noncatalytic Reactors

148

(1)

Early Fluid Bed Roasters

148

(1)

Zinc Blende Roasters

149

(1)

Commercial Plants

149

(3)

Operation

152

(1)

Variables Selection

152

(1)

Constraints

153

(1)

Turbulent Fluid Bed Roaster

154

(1)

Design Data

154

(2)

Sulfation Roasters

156

(1)

Sulfation Principles

156

(2)

Fluid Bed Sulfation

158

(1)

Iron, Nickel, and Copper Concentrates

158

(1)

Cobaltiferrous Pyrite

158

(1)

Cupriferrous Iron Ore

159

(1)

Magnetic Roasting

159

(1)

Importance

159

(1)

Parameters

160

(1)

Reaction

160

(1)

Fluid Bed

160

(1)

IRSID Process

160

(1)

Two-Phase Reactor

161

(1)

Segregation Roasting

161

(1)

Cupriferrous Ore

161

(1)

Other Processes

162

(1)

Fluid Bed Roasters for Miscellaneous Metal Sulfides

163

(1)

Chalcocite, Copper, and Arsenic Concentrates

163

(1)

Pyritic Gold Ore

163

(1)

Molybdenite and Cinnabar

164

(1)

Troubleshooting in Fluid Bed Roasters

164

(1)

Operation

164

(1)

Exit Gas

165

(1)

Models

165

(1)

Calcination

165

(6)

Definition

165

(1)

Fluid Bed Calcination

166

(1)

Limestone

166

(1)

Cement, Bauxite, and Phosphate Rock

167

(1)

Aluminum Trihydrate

167

(1)

Circulating Fluidized Bed

167

(1)

Operation

168

(1)

Alumina

168

(1)

Waste Calcination

168

(1)

Chloride Waste

168

(2)

Radioactive Waste

170

(1)

Zirconium Fluoride Waste

170

(1)

Some Useful Hints on Fluid Bed Calcination

170

(1)

Direct Reduction

171

(11)

Significance

171

(1)

Iron Ore Reduction

171

(1)

Advent of the Fluid Bed

171

(1)

Fluid Bed Processes

172

(1)

H-Iron Process

172

(1)

Fluidized Iron Ore Reduction

173

(1)

Nu-Iron Process

173

(1)

Other Reduction Processes

173

(2)

Reaction Aspects in Direct Reduction

175

(1)

Reduction

175

(1)

Reductants

175

(1)

Troubleshooting in Fluosolid Reduction

176

(1)

Defluidization

176

(1)

Nodule Formation

176

(1)

Temperature Effect

177

(1)

Mechanism

177

(1)

Feed Preheating

177

(1)

Particle Carryover

178

(1)

Sulfur Control

178

(1)

Carbon Reductant

178

(1)

Fluidization in Modern Iron Making

179

(1)

Novel Processes

179

(1)

Two-Stage Process

179

(1)

Flue Dust Control

180

(1)

Direct Reduction in Nonferrous Industries

180

(1)

Metal Power Production

180

(1)

Fluid Bed Reduction

180

(1)

Copper and Nickel Powders

180

(1)

Nickel and Titanium Powders

181

(1)

Molybdenum Powder

181

(1)

Recommendations

182

(1)

Fluid Bed Halogenation

182

(27)

Fluidization in Halide Metallurgy

182

(1)

Introduction

182

(1)

Chlorination and Fluidization

183

(1)

Chloride Metallurgy

183

(1)

Fluid Bed Chlorination

184

(1)

Metal Oxide Chlorination

184

(2)

Rutile Chlorination

186

(1)

Reaction

186

(1)

Mechanism

186

(1)

Parameters

187

(1)

Models

187

(1)

Ilmenite Chlorination

187

(1)

Chlorination for Beneficiation

187

(1)

Direct Chlorination

188

(1)

Selective Chlorination

188

(1)

Models

189

(1)

Some Highlights of Beneficiation

189

(1)

Chlorination of Zirconium-Bearing Materials

190

(1)

Chlorination in Zirconium Metallurgy

190

(1)

General Studies

190

(1)

Chlorination of Nuclear-Grade Zirconium Dioxide

191

(1)

Chlorination Results

191

(1)

Direct Chlorination of Zircon

191

(2)

Columbite Ore and Molysulfide Chlorination

193

(1)

Columbite Chlorination

193

(1)

Molysulfide Chlorination

193

(1)

Chlorination in Silicon Metal Production

194

(1)

Chlorosilane

194

(1)

Fluidization in Silicon Metal Production

194

(2)

Chlorination/Fluorination of Aluminum-Bearing Materials

196

(1)

Toth Process

196

(1)

Aluminum Trifluoride

197

(1)

Selective Chlorination for Nickel and Cobalt Recovery

197

(1)

Principles

197

(1)

Chlorination Studies

197

(1)

Nomenclature

198

(1)

References

199

(10)

Fluidization in Nuclear Engineering

209

(62)

Leaching

209

(23)

Fluidized Bed Leaching

209

(1)

General Description

209

(1)

Uses

210

(1)

Leaching Equipment

210

(1)

Design Aspects of Leaching Column

210

(3)

Staging

213

(1)

Staged Fluidization

213

(1)

Leaching

213

(1)

Multistaging

213

(2)

Uranium Extraction

215

(1)

Fluidization in Nuclear Fuel Cycle

215

(1)

Fluid Bed Denitration

215

(1)

Thermal Decomposition of Uranyl Nitrate

215

(2)

Fluidized Bed

217

(1)

Calcination

217

(1)

Caking

218

(1)

Denitration Unit

218

(1)

Reduction of Oxides of Uranium

219

(1)

Oxides of Uranium

219

(2)

Preparation

221

(1)

Oxide Criteria

221

(1)

Reactor Criteria

222

(1)

Reduction Criteria

222

(1)

Fluid Bed Reduction

222

(2)

Hydrofluorination of Uranium Dioxide

224

(1)

Reaction

224

(1)

Fluid Bed Hydrofluorination

225

(1)

Manufacture of Uranium Hexafluoride

226

(1)

Fluorination

226

(1)

Basic Reaction

226

(1)

Flame Reactor

227

(1)

Fluid Bed

227

(1)

Uranium Tetrafluoride Fluorination

227

(1)

Direct Fluorination

228

(1)

Engineering Studies

229

(1)

Parameters Influence

230

(1)

Reaction Rate

230

(1)

Fluorization Reactor

231

(1)

Reactor Control

232

(1)

Fuel Material Preparation

232

(13)

Pyrohydrolysis of Uranium Hexafluoride

232

(1)

Reaction

232

(2)

Fluid Bed

234

(1)

Reactor

234

(1)

Product

235

(1)

Bed Depth Effect

235

(1)

Fine Oxide Preparation

235

(1)

Stoichiometric Uranium Monocarbide

236

(1)

Uranium Carbide as Nuclear Fuel

236

(1)

Reaction

237

(1)

Need for Fluid Bed

237

(1)

Fluid Bed Reactor

238

(1)

Feed and Gas

238

(1)

Reactor

238

(1)

Product

238

(1)

Other Carbides

239

(1)

Carbides and Nitrides Directly from Uranium Dioxide

239

(1)

Reaction Criteria

239

(1)

Fluid Bed

240

(1)

Reactor

240

(1)

Operation

240

(1)

Carburizing Agent

241

(1)

Product Yield

241

(1)

Recommendations

242

(1)

Uranium Aluminide

243

(1)

Appraisal

243

(1)

Fluid Bed

243

(1)

Reactor

243

(1)

Reaction Steps

243

(2)

Pyrocarbon Coating

245

(6)

Reactor Choice

245

(1)

Suitability

245

(2)

Immersed Objects

247

(1)

Coating Classification

247

(1)

Classification of Pyrolytic Deposition

247

(1)

Nonmetallic Coating

247

(1)

Carbon Coating

248

(1)

Silicon Carbide

249

(1)

Fluid Bed

249

(1)

Coating in Fluid Bed

249

(1)

Coating Properties

250

(1)

Recommendations

251

(1)

Fluidization in Zirconium Extraction

251

(2)

Breaking of Zircon

251

(1)

Chlorination

251

(1)

Fluid Bed

252

(1)

Miscellaneous Uses

252

(1)

Fluid Beds in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing

253

(5)

Fuel Reprocessing

253

(1)

Methods

253

(1)

Aqueous Methods

253

(1)

Nonaqueous Methods

254

(1)

Combined Methods

255

(1)

Fluoride Volatility Process

255

(1)

Process Description

255

(1)

Fluid Bed

256

(1)

Novel Fluid Bed Fuel Reprocessing

257

(1)

Uranium-Aluminum/Uranium-Zirconium Fuel

257

(1)

Oxide Fuel

257

(1)

Carbide Fuel

257

(1)

Fluidization in Waste Processing and Pollution Abatement

258

(13)

Fluid Bed

258

(1)

Selection

258

(1)

Incineration

259

(1)

Hazardous Waste

259

(1)

Organic Wastes

259

(1)

Off-Gas Treatment

260

(1)

Criteria for Incinerator

260

(1)

Constraints

260

(1)

Fluid Bed

260

(1)

Gas and Liquid Waste

261

(1)

Off-Gas

261

(1)

Liquid Waste

262

(1)

Reclamation from Waste

262

(1)

Nomenclature

262

(2)

References

264

(7)

High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Reactor

271

(78)

Plasma, Plasma Furnaces, and Plasma Fluidized Bed

271

(8)

Plasma

271

(1)

Plasma State

271

(1)

Charged Particles

271

(1)

Collision

272

(1)

Plasma Systems

272

(1)

DC and AC Discharges

273

(2)

RF Discharges

275

(1)

Plasma Device Systems

275

(1)

Gases for Plasma Generation

275

(1)

Selection Criteria

275

(2)

Properties

277

(1)

Electrodes

278

(1)

Power Source

278

(1)

Arc Plasma Generator

279

(1)

Plasma Furnaces

279

(4)

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