The book presents the basic principles of fluid mechanics through the use of numerous worked examples. It serves as an effective learning source for college students and as a teaching tool for instructors (with an included solutions manual) as well as for practicing professionals in the areas of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics: Illustrative Worked Examples of Surface and Subsurface Flows presents the basic principles of fluid mechanics through the use of numerous worked examples. Some readers may have interest only in the application parts of various principles without paying too much attention to the derivation details of equations. Other readers may have interest both in derivation details and their applications. As a result, this book is designed to address both needs, and most derivation details are included as example problems. Therefore, those who are not interested in the details of derivations may skip them without interrupting the effective use of the book. It serves as an effective learning source for college students and as a teaching tool for instructors (with an included solutions manual), as well as for practicing professionals in the areas of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.
Recenzijas
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics
Illustrative Worked Examples of Surface and Subsurface Flows
Author: VEDAT BATU
This book presents valuable information to the readers in a user friendly and career-oriented manner in not only scientific terms, but also in comprehensible and meaningful forms. Theoretical and practical aspects of the relevant topics are systematically covered throughout the pages of the book.
The book is full of logical rational mathematical explanations of well-known methodologies, innovative techniques, and illustrative examples. Throughout the book, all relevant literature references are cited with their contributions, thus presenting the evolutionary development of fluid mechanics and hydraulics and its engineering aspects in a concise manner. In particular, the historical development stages of fluid mechanics deserve additional attention, followed by all current citations with clear and sustainable concepts.
The content of the book is divided into four sections, each covering the topics of fundamentals; vector analysis and integral theorems; ideal fluids and real fluids. The content is useful not only for theoretical scientific researchers, but more importantly, for those working on projects and applications in different companies related to the topics. Not only are the theoretical and practical aspects stated rationally, but they are also supported by original graphics, drawings and figures, improving visual examination and supporting the readers' rapid comprehension.
In the last part of the book, pipe hydraulics, fluid machinery and groundwater hydraulics bring together the theoretical mathematical equation derivations most needed in groundwater studies with reasonable explanations and field data. It is certain that groundwater hydraulics will become even more important due to climate change impacts.
I congratulate the author for providing deep learning opportunities in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics to the readers.
Zekāi en
Formerly with the Technical University of Istanbul
Currently with Istanbul Medipol University; Engineering and Natural Sciences Department
Part A: Fundamentals.
Chapter 1: Definitions and the presentation
framework of the book. 1.1 Basic definitions for the branches of fluid
mechanics. 1.2 Historical background of fluid mechanics. 1.3 Presentation of
the framework of the book.
Chapter 2: Physical characteristics of fluids. 2.1
Introduction. 2.2 Dimensions and units. 2.3 Density, specific weight,
specific volume, and specific gravity. 2.4 Compressibility of fluids. 2.5
Viscosity of fluids. 2.6 Surface tension and capillarity. Problems. Part B:
Vector Analysis and Integral Theorems.
Chapter 3: Fundamentals for vector
analysis. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Scalars and vectors. 3.3 Unit vectors. 3.4
Product of vectors. 3.5 Vector differentiation. 3.6 Gradient, Divergenge,
Curl, and Formulas involving . 3.7 Some vector and scalar quantities in
Orthogonal Coordinates System. 3.8 Some vector and scalar quantities in
Circular Cylindrical Coordinates.
Chapter 4: Vector Calculus and Integral
Theorems. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Line, Surface, And Volume Integrals. 4.3
Greens Theorem in The Plane. 4.4 Gauss Divergence Theorem. 4.5 Stokes
Theorem. 4.6 Leibnizs Rule for Differentiating an Integral. 4.7 Laplace
Transforms. 4.8 Fourier Transforms.
Chapter 5: Complex Variables. 5.1 Complex
Numbers. 5.2 Holomorphic Functions. 5.3 Conjugate Functions. 5.4 Complex
Differential Operators. Part C: Ideal Fluids.
Chapter 6: Kinematics of Ideal
Fluids Motion. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 The Velocity of a Fluid Particle and
its Visualized Features. 6.3 Derivation of the Kinematics Equation for a
Compressible Ideal Fluid. 6.4 Kinematics Equation for an Incompressible Ideal
Fluid. 6.5 Acceleration Equations of a fluid particle in the Cartesian
Coordinates. 6.6 Other Forms of the Acceleration Equations. 6.7 Material
Derivative Examples for Fluid Flow. 6.8 Derivation of the Continuity Equation
Using Vectors. 6.9 Derivation of the Continuity Equation in the Cartesian
Coordinates for Compressible Fluids. 6.10 Derivation of the Continuity
Equation in a Streamtube under Steady Flow Conditions. Problems.
Chapter 7:
Rotational and Irrotational Fluid Flows. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Line
Integrals. 7.3 Vorticity for Rotational Fluid Flows. 7.4 Inclusion of the
Vorticity Expression into the Fluid Kinematics Equation. 7.5 Irrotational
Fluid Flows. Poblems.
Chapter 8: The Equation of Motion of an Inviscid Fluid.
8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Reynolds Transport Theorem. 8.3 Rate of Change of
Linear Momentum. 8.4 Derivation of the Equation of Motion of an Inviscid
Fluid. 8.5 The Equation of Motion of an Inviscid Fluid for Conservative
Forces and Barotropic Flow. 8.6 The Zero Case of Vorticity: Beltrami Flows.
8.7 Cartesian Coordinates Forms of The Equation of Motion. 8.8 Equation of
Motion Under Steady State Conditions. 8.9 Rate of Change of Circulation.
Problems.
Chapter 9: the impulse-momentum principle in fluid mechanics and its
applications. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The Impulse-Momentum Equations. 9.3 The
Force and Moment of Momentum Expressions. 9.4 Applications of The
Impulse-Momentum Principle. Problems.
Chapter 10: Bernoulli and The
Work-Energy Equations for Incompressible and Compressible Ideal Fluids. 10.1
Introduction. 10.2 Derivation of Bernoullis Equation for Ideal Fluids. 10.3
Some Fundamental Applications of Bernoullis Equation. 10.4 Worked Examples
for Bernoullis Equation Along with The Impulse-Momentum Principle. 10.5
Bernoullis Equation for Adding Energy and Extracting Energy Conditions: The
Work-Energy Equation for Incompressible Fluids Flow. 10.6 The Work-Energy
Equation under Heat Transfer Conditions: The Work-Energy Equation for
Compressible Fluid Flow. Problems.
Chapter 11: Fluid Statics. 11.1
Introduction. 11.2 Hydrostatic Pressure. 11.3 Pressure Measurement and Types
of Pressure. 11.4 Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Surfaces. 11.5 Buoyancy and
Flotation. 11.6 Accelerated Fluid Masses. Problems.
Chapter 12:
Two-dimensional fluid flow. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Fluid Flow in Two
Dimensions. 12.3 Vorticity in Two-Dimensional Rotational Fluid Flows. 12.4
Stream Function. 12.5 Vorticity in Two-Dimensional Fluid Flows. 12.6 The
Pressure Equation. 12.7 The Velocity Potential and Laplace Differential
Equation for Irrotational Fluid Flows.Problems.
Chapter 13: Fundamentals for
Application of Complex Variables to Fluid Flow. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The
(x,y) and (x,y) Relationships and the Complex Potential. 13.3 The Complex
Velocity. 13.4 Milne-Thomsons Circle Theorem. Problems.
Chapter 14: Fluid
Flow Around a Circular Cylinder. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 The Complex
Potential of a Circular Cylinder. 14.3 Stream and Velocity Potential Function
Expressions. 14.4 The Velocity Around the Cylinder. 14.5 The Hydrodynamic
Pressure on The Circular Cylinder. Problems.
Chapter 15: Conformal
Representation. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Conformal Mapping. 15.3 The Joukowsky
Transformation. 15.4 The Complex Potential for Uniform Fluid Flow Around An
Elliptical Cylinder Making An Angle With The x-Axis. 15.5 Determination of
The Stream and Potential Functions for An Elliptic Cylinder in a Uniform Flow
Making and Angle with the x-Axis. 15.6 The Velocity Around the Ellipse. 15.7
The Hydrodynamic Pressure on The Ellipse. 15.8 Fluid Flow Past a Plate. 15.9
The Force and Moment Expressions for Two-Dimensional Steady and Irrotational
Flows: The Theorems of Blasius. 15.10 Application of The Blasius Theorems to
An Elliptic Cylinder in a Uniform Flow.
Problems.
Chapter 16: Fluid Dynamics Around Airfoils and The Kutta-Joukowsky
Lift Force Theorem. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 The Geometry of an Airfoil. 16.3
Circulation Around a Circular Cylinder. 16.4 Flow and Circulation Around A
Circular Cylinder. 16.5 The Kutta-Joukowsky Lift Force Theorem for a Circular
cylinder. 16.6 Generalization of the Kutta-Joukowsky Lift Force Theorem for
any closed curve. 16.7 Practical Implications of The Kutta-Joukowsky Lift
Force Theorem. Problems.
Chapter 17: Two-Dimensional Sources and Sinks. 17.1
Introduction. 17.2 Source and Sink in a Uniform Flow Field. 17.3 Source and
Sink Having Equal Strength. 17.4 Two Sources Having Equal Strength. 17.5
Doublet. 17.6 The Method of Images. Problems.
Chapter 18: The
Schwarz-Cristoffel Theorem and its Applications to Two-Dimensional Fluid
Flow in Polygonal Systems with Separation. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Some Flow
Configurations and Basic Configurations for Simple Closed Polygons. 18.3 The
Schwarz-Cristoffel Theorem for Conformal Mapping. Problems. Part D: Real
Fluids.
Chapter 19: Fundamentals of Real Fluid Flow. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2
Classification of Fluid Flows. 19.3 Turbulent Flow and Eddy Viscosity. 19.4
Bernoullis Equation for Real Fluids. 19.5 Determination of Friction Head
Losses in Closed Conduits. 19.6 Empirical Average Velocity Equations in
Conduits. 19.7 Minor Head Losses. 19.8 Navier-Stokes Equations for
Compressible Fluids. 19.9 Navier-Stokes Equations for Incompressible Fluids
and Some of Their Analytical Solutions. 19.10 The Energy Equation. 19.11
Solution of The Equations for Fluids for The General Case. 19.12 Compressible
Fluid Flow.
Chapter 20: Hydraulic similitude and dimensional analysis. 20.1
Introduction. 20.2 Similitude and Models. 20.3 Rayleigh Method of Dimensional
Analysis. 20.4 Buckingham Theorem Method of Dimensional Analysis. Problems.
Chapter 21: Theory of fluid boundary layer and exerted forces on immersed
solid bodies. 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Fluid Flow Around Solid Boundaries.
21.3 Laminar Boundary Layer Along a Flat Plate for Incompressible Fluids.
21.4 Turbulent Boundary Layer Along a Smooth Flat Plate for Incompressible
Fluids. 21.5 Exerted Forces on Immersed Objects by Flowing Fluids. Problems.
Chapter 22: Flow in Pipe Networks. 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Equivalent Pipes.
22.3 Series Pipe Systems. 22.4 Parallel Pipe Systems. 22.5 Branching Pipe
Systems. 22.6 Pipe Networks. Problems.
Chapter 23: Steady liquid flow in open channels. 23.1 Introduction. 23.2
Fundamentals and Uniform Flow Open-Channel Flow. 23.3 Specific Energy,
Critical Depth, And Critical Velocity in Open Channel Flow. 23.4 Gradually
Varied Open Channel Flow. 23.5 Hydraulic Jump. Problems.
Chapter 24:
Measurement of flow of fluids. 24.1 Introduction. 24.2 Measurement of Fluid
Viscosity. 24.3 Measurement of Fluid Pressure and Velocity. 24.4 Measurement
of Fluid Flow Rate. 24.5 Time to Empty Tanks. Problems.
Chapter 25: Mechanics
of Water Wave Motion. 25.1 Introduction. 25.2 Characteristics of Water Waves.
25.3 Small Amplitude Water Wave Theory. Problems.
Chapter 26: Unsteady Flow
in Open Channels. 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 De Saint-Venant Equations for
Unsteady Open Channel Flow. 26.3 Summary and Solution Methods of The De
Saint-Venant equations. Problems.
Chapter 27: Fluid Machines. 27.1
Introduction. 27.2 Jet Propulsion Mechanics. 27.3 Propellers and Fluid
Turbines. 27.4 Impulse Turbines. 27.5 Centrifugal Pumps and Reaction
Turbines. 27.6 Mechanics of Rotating Fluid Systems and their Corresponding
Bernoulli Equation. 27.7 Analysis of Fluid Machines Characteristics with
Dimensionless Parameters. 27.8 Rocket Propulsion. Problems.
Chapter 28: Water
hammer analyses for ideal and real fluids and their applications. 28.1
Introduction. 28.2 Simple Water Hammer Analysis for Ideal Fluids Using the
Impulse-Momentum Principle. 28.3 Allievis Theory of Water Hammer for Ideal
Fluids. 28.4 Water Hammer Theory for Real Fluids. Problems.
Chapter 29:
Hydrodynamics and Hydraulics of Flow Through Porous Media. 29.1 Introduction.
29.2 Natural Porous Media and Their Characteristics. 29.3 Basic Equations of
Porous Media Flow. 29.4 Classification of Aquifers with Respect to Hydraulic
Conductivity. 29.5 Capillary Characteristics of Porous Media. 29.6
Compressibility and Elasticity of Aquifers. 29.7 Generalized Equations of
Fluid Motion in Aquifers. 29.8 Principal Hydraulic Conductivities. 29.9
Directional Hydraulic Conductivities. 29.10 Differential Equations of Flow in
Porous Media and Aquifers. 29.11 Initial and Boundary Conditions. 29.12
Governing Equations for Two-Dimensional Steady Flow in Aquifers. 29.13
Application of The Complex Variables Theory to a Flat Bottom Hydraulic
Structure. 29.14 Vertical Fully Penetrating Well Hydraulics Under Steady
State Conditions in Cylindrical Coordinates. 29.15 Transient Vertical Fully
Penetrating Well Hydraulics in Nonleaky Confined Aquifers: Theis Solution and
Some Key features. 29.16 Vertical and Horizontal Partially Penetrating
Transient Well Hydraulics in Cartesian Coordinates. 29.17 Inclined Partially
Penetrating Transient Well Hydraulics in Cartesian Coordinates. 29.18
Approximate Differential Equations of Flow in Unconfined Aquifers in
Cartesian Coordinates. 29.19 Some Unconfined Aquifer Solutions. Problems.
References.
Vedat Batu graduated from the Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (Istanbul, Trkiye) in 1969 with B.S and M.S degrees (combined) in the area of civil engineering. In the same year, he was appointed as an instructor in the Hydraulic Engineering Division of the Civil Engineering Department of Karadeniz Technical University (Trabzon, Trkiye). He received his Ph.D. in Hydraulic Engineering from Istanbul Technical University in 1974. He prepared his Associate Professorship thesis in Hydraulic Engineering in 1976-1977 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. After the submittal of his thesis and passing all required examinations, he was appointed as an Associate Professor (Doēent) in the Department of Civil Engineering of Karadeniz Technical University in June 1979 and he worked as a faculty member until the end of 1982. Finally, he was the Chairman of the Civil Engineering Department. At the end of 1982, he voluntarily resigned from his position and went to the United States of America. He also served as a visiting professor in several universities in the United States and in the United Kingdom and then he joined the private sector in the US and worked on mostly environmental engineering-related projects. In Trkiye and the US, he taught many courses both at undergraduate and graduate levels, including hydraulic engineering, open channel hydraulics, hydrology, and ground water hydraulics for over 10 years. Since he received his PhD 1974, Dr. Batu has been involved in many scientific projects and published a number of authored and co-authored papers in some internationally-recognized journals including Ground Water, Journal of Hydrology, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Soil Science Society of America Journal, and Water Resources Research. Dr. Batu has developed new concepts and approaches including many analytical and numerical models in the areas of aquifer hydraulics, vadose zone hydrology, and solute transport in aquifers. Besides this book, he is also the author of two others -- Aquifer Hydraulics and Applied Flow and Solute Transport Modeling. His original papers and books are cited and used as text books by many scientists and practitioners around the world, and these can be seen at http://scholar.google.com. Dr. Batu was appointed as a full professor in August 2008 in the Department of Civil Engineering of Yeditepe University (Istanbul, Trkiye). Currently, he is an employee of Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois.
