Preface to the Seventh Edition |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
List of Symbols |
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xv | |
Chapter 1 Introduction: Basic Principles |
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1 | (38) |
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1.1 Definition of a turbomachine |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 The equation of continuity |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5 The first law of thermodynamics |
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7 | (2) |
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1.6 The momentum equation |
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9 | (2) |
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1.7 The second law of thermodynamics-entropy |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.9 The thermodynamic properties of fluids |
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14 | (4) |
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1.10 Compressible flow relations for perfect gases |
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18 | (4) |
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1.11 Definitions of efficiency |
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22 | (5) |
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1.12 Small stage or polytropic efficiency |
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27 | (6) |
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1.13 The inherent unsteadiness of the flow within turbomachines |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (3) |
Chapter 2 Dimensional Analysis: Similitude |
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39 | (30) |
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2.1 Dimensional analysis and performance laws |
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39 | (1) |
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2.2 Incompressible fluid analysis |
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40 | (2) |
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2.3 Performance characteristics for low-speed machines |
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42 | (2) |
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2.4 Compressible flow analysis |
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44 | (4) |
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2.5 Performance characteristics for high-speed machines |
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48 | (5) |
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2.6 Specific speed and specific diameter |
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53 | (8) |
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61 | (5) |
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66 | (3) |
Chapter 3 Two-Dimensional Cascades |
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69 | (50) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (3) |
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3.3 Cascade flow characteristics |
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75 | (5) |
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3.4 Analysis of cascade forces |
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80 | (4) |
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3.5 Compressor cascade performance |
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84 | (10) |
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94 | (14) |
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3.7 Cascade computational analysis |
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108 | (7) |
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115 | (4) |
Chapter 4 Axial-Flow Turbines: Mean-Line Analysis and Design |
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119 | (50) |
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119 | (2) |
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4.2 Velocity diagrams of the axial turbine stage |
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121 | (1) |
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4.3 Turbine stage design parameters |
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122 | (1) |
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4.4 Thermodynamics of the axial turbine stage |
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123 | (1) |
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4.5 Repeating stage turbines |
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124 | (3) |
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4.6 Stage losses and efficiency |
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127 | (6) |
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4.7 Preliminary axial turbine design |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (5) |
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4.9 Effect of reaction on efficiency |
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140 | (1) |
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4.10 Diffusion within blade rows |
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141 | (2) |
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4.11 The efficiency correlation of Smith (1965) |
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143 | (3) |
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4.12 Design point efficiency of a turbine stage |
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146 | (4) |
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4.13 Stresses in turbine rotor blades |
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150 | (5) |
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4.14 Turbine blade cooling |
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155 | (4) |
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4.15 Turbine flow characteristics |
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159 | (7) |
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166 | (3) |
Chapter 5 Axial-Flow Compressors and Ducted Fans |
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169 | (46) |
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169 | (1) |
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5.2 Mean-line analysis of the compressor stage |
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170 | (1) |
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5.3 Velocity diagrams of the compressor stage |
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171 | (1) |
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5.4 Thermodynamics of the compressor stage |
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172 | (1) |
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5.5 Stage loss relationships and efficiency |
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173 | (3) |
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5.6 Mean-line calculation through a compressor rotor |
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176 | (4) |
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5.7 Preliminary compressor stage design |
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180 | (7) |
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5.8 Off-design performance |
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187 | (1) |
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5.9 Multistage compressor performance |
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188 | (7) |
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5.10 High Mach number compressor stages |
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195 | (3) |
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5.11 Stall and surge phenomena in compressors |
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198 | (6) |
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5.12 Low speed ducted fans |
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204 | (9) |
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213 | (2) |
Chapter 6 Three-Dimensional Flows in Axial Turbomachines |
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215 | (50) |
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215 | (1) |
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6.2 Theory of radial equilibrium |
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215 | (3) |
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218 | (9) |
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227 | (2) |
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6.5 Compressible flow through a fixed blade row |
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229 | (1) |
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6.6 Constant specific mass flow |
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230 | (2) |
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6.7 Off-design performance of a stage |
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232 | (1) |
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6.8 Free-vortex turbine stage |
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233 | (2) |
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6.9 Actuator disc approach |
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235 | (7) |
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6.10 Computational through-flow methods |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (5) |
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250 | (2) |
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6.13 The application of 3D computational fluid dynamics |
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252 | (10) |
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262 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Centrifugal Pumps, Fans, and Compressors |
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265 | (54) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (2) |
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7.3 Thermodynamic analysis of a centrifugal compressor |
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269 | (3) |
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7.4 Inlet velocity limitations at the compressor eye |
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272 | (1) |
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7.5 Design of a pump inlet |
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273 | (2) |
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7.6 Design of a centrifugal compressor inlet |
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275 | (6) |
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281 | (5) |
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7.8 A unified correlation for slip factor |
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286 | (4) |
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7.9 Head increase of a centrifugal pump |
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290 | (2) |
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7.10 Performance of centrifugal compressors |
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292 | (8) |
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300 | (5) |
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7.12 Diffuser performance parameters |
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305 | (4) |
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7.13 Choking in a compressor stage |
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309 | (7) |
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316 | (3) |
Chapter 8 Radial-Flow Gas Turbines |
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319 | (42) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (2) |
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8.3 Thermodynamics of the 90° IFR turbine |
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322 | (2) |
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8.4 Basic design of the rotor |
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324 | (2) |
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8.5 Nominal design point efficiency |
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326 | (4) |
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8.6 Some Mach number relations |
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330 | (1) |
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8.7 The scroll and stator blades |
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331 | (3) |
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8.8 Optimum efficiency considerations |
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334 | (6) |
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8.9 Criterion for minimum number of blades |
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340 | (3) |
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8.10 Design considerations for rotor exit |
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343 | (5) |
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8.11 Significance and application of specific speed |
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348 | (3) |
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8.12 Optimum design selection of 90° IFR turbines |
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351 | (1) |
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8.13 Clearance and windage losses |
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352 | (2) |
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8.14 Cooled 90° IFR turbines |
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354 | (5) |
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359 | (2) |
Chapter 9 Hydraulic Turbines |
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361 | (58) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (3) |
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366 | (11) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (8) |
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385 | (4) |
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9.7 Effect of size on turbomachine efficiency |
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389 | (2) |
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9.8 Cavitation in hydraulic turbines |
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391 | (7) |
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9.9 Application of CFD to the design of hydraulic turbines |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (11) |
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409 | (8) |
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417 | (2) |
Chapter 10 Wind Turbines |
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419 | (68) |
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419 | (3) |
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10.2 Types of wind turbine |
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422 | (5) |
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10.3 Performance measurement of wind turbines |
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427 | (4) |
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10.4 Annual energy output |
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431 | (1) |
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10.5 Statistical analysis of wind data |
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431 | (2) |
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10.6 Actuator disc approach |
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433 | (8) |
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10.7 Blade element theory |
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441 | (8) |
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449 | (9) |
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10.9 Rotor configurations |
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458 | (7) |
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10.10 The power output at optimum conditions |
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465 | (1) |
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10.11 HAWT blade section criteria |
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466 | (1) |
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10.12 Developments in blade manufacture |
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467 | (2) |
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10.13 Control methods (starting, modulating, and stopping) |
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469 | (4) |
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473 | (1) |
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10.15 Performance testing |
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474 | (1) |
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10.16 Performance prediction codes |
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475 | (3) |
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10.17 Environmental matters |
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478 | (2) |
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10.18 The largest wind turbines |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (2) |
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483 | (4) |
Appendix A: Preliminary Design of an Axial-Flow Turbine for a Large Turbocharger |
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487 | (10) |
Appendix B: Preliminary Design of a Centrifugal Compressor for a Turbocharge |
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497 | (10) |
Appendix C: Tables for the Compressible Flow of a Perfect Gas |
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507 | (12) |
Appendix D: Conversion of British and American Units to SI Units |
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519 | (2) |
Appendix E: Mollier Chart for Steam |
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521 | (2) |
Appendix F: Answers to Problems |
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523 | (6) |
Index |
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529 | |