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E-grāmata: Fly by Night Physics: How Physicists Use the Backs of Envelopes

4.33/5 (18 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formāts: 448 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Oct-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Princeton University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780691207735
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  • Formāts: 448 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Oct-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Princeton University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780691207735
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The essential primer for physics students who want to build their physical intuition

Presented in A. Zee's incomparably engaging style, this book introduces physics students to the practice of using physical reasoning and judicious guesses to get at the crux of a problem. An essential primer for advanced undergraduates and beyond, Fly by Night Physics reveals the simple and effective techniques that researchers use to think through a problem to its solution—or failing that, to smartly guess the answer—before starting any calculations.

In typical physics classrooms, students seek to master an enormous toolbox of mathematical methods, which are necessary to do the precise calculations used in physics. Consequently, students often develop the unfortunate impression that physics consists of well-defined problems that can be solved with tightly reasoned and logical steps. Idealized textbook exercises and homework problems reinforce this erroneous impression. As a result, even the best students can find themselves completely unprepared for the challenges of doing actual research.

In reality, physics is replete with back of the envelope estimates, order of magnitude guesses, and fly by night leaps of logic. Including exciting problems related to cutting-edge topics in physics, from Hawking radiation to gravity waves, this indispensable book will help students more deeply understand the equations they have learned and develop the confidence to start flying by night to arrive at the answers they seek. For instructors, a solutions manual is available upon request.

Preface xi
Dimensions and fundamental constants xxi
I Dimensional analysis: from a not so secret to an allegedly secret weapon
1(50)
1 Dimensional analysis: a not so secret weapon
3(9)
2 From Kepler's law to black holes
12(10)
3 Bohr's atom and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: opposition and compromise
22(6)
4 The dull function hypothesis
28(6)
5 Match wits with Einstein over diffusion and dissipation
34(6)
6 Energy released in the first atomic bomb test
40(5)
Interlude: Math medley 1
45(6)
II Telecommunication is possible
51(32)
1 Electromagnetism: strange dimensions
53(5)
2 The emission of electromagnetic waves
58(7)
3 Electromagnetic radiation from moving point charges and Compton scattering
65(13)
4 Relativistic effects by promotion and completion
78(5)
III Quantum physics: tunneling in stars, scaling, atoms, and black holes
83(46)
1 From drawing the Schrodinger wave function to tunneling in stars
85(11)
2 Scaling and the importance of being clean
96(9)
3 The Landau problem in quantum mechanics
105(5)
4 Atomic physics
110(6)
5 Black body radiation
116(10)
A word of encouragement to the reader: on getting confused by physics
126(3)
IV Planck gave us units: black hole radiation and Einstein gravity
129(34)
1 Planck gave us God-given units
131(8)
2 A box of photons and the power of natural units
139(5)
3 Black holes have entropy: Hawking radiation
144(8)
4 When Einstein gravity meets the quantum
152(6)
Interlude: Math medley 2
158(5)
V From ideal gas to Einstein condensation
163(34)
1 Ideal Boltzmann gas
165(4)
2 Van der Waals: master of the envelope
169(6)
3 Quantum gases
175(6)
4 Guessing the Fermi-Dirac distribution
181(10)
5 Einstein condensation
191(6)
VI Symmetry and superb theorems
197(24)
Prologue to Part VI
199(1)
1 Symmetry, fearful or fearless
200(7)
2 Galileo, viscosity, and time reversal invariance
207(7)
3 Newton's two superb theorems: where is hell?
214(7)
VII Stars, black holes, the universe, and gravity waves
221(46)
1 Stars
223(11)
2 Collapse into black holes
234(4)
3 The expanding universe
238(11)
4 Power radiated in gravity waves
249(11)
Interlude: Math medley 3
260(7)
VIII From surfing to tsunamis, from dripping faucets to mammalian lungs
267(34)
1 Water waves
269(9)
2 A physicist at the seashore
278(7)
3 Surface tension and ripples
285(6)
4 From dripping faucets to mammalian lungs and water striders
291(4)
5 Drag, viscosity, and Reynolds number
295(6)
IX From private neutrinos to charm
301(46)
Prologue to Part IX
303(2)
1 A lightning introduction to particle physics and quantum field theory
305(11)
2 Weak interaction: a few basic facts
316(12)
3 Private neutrinos
328(8)
4 Strangeness and charm
336(11)
Appendices
347(54)
Cp: Critical points
347(3)
Del: Delta function
350(4)
Eg: Einstein gravity: a lightning review
354(9)
ENS: From Euler to Navier and Stokes
363(4)
FSW: Finite square well
367(4)
Gal: Galilean invariance and fluid flow
371(3)
Gr: Green functions
374(6)
Grp: Group versus phase velocity
380(3)
L: Radial part of the Laplacian
383(6)
M: Maxwell's equations: a brief review
389(7)
N: Newton's two superb theorems and the second square root alert
396(2)
VdW: Fly by day derivation of van der Waals's law from first principles
398(3)
Timeline 401(2)
Solutions to selected exercises 403(8)
Suggested reading 411(2)
Index 413
A. Zee is professor of physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His many books include On Gravity, Group Theory in a Nutshell for Physicists, Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, and Fearful Symmetry (all Princeton).