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E-grāmata: Foams: Structure and Dynamics [Oxford Scholarship Online E-books]

, , , Translated by , , (, Professor at Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, and Research Scientist at the Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris, Université ), (, Professor at Université de Rennes 1, and Research Scientist at the Institut de Physique de Rennes.), ,
  • Formāts: 278 pages, 164 b/w illustrations, 8pp colour plate section
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Jul-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780199662890
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Oxford Scholarship Online E-books
  • Cena pašlaik nav zināma
Foams: Structure and DynamicsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 278 pages, 164 b/w illustrations, 8pp colour plate section
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Jul-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780199662890
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Wiley OnlineMore info about Oxford Scholarship Online e-books
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662890.001.0001/acprof-9780199662890
Foams are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Their presence is highly desirable in certain foods, drinks and cosmetics, and they are essential in oil recovery and mineral extraction. In some industrial processes (such as the manufacture of glass, paper and wine) foams are an unwelcome by-product.

Why do they appear? What controls the rate at which they disappear? Do they flow in the same way as ordinary liquids? All of these questions and more are addressed here, incorporating significant recent contributions to the field of foams.

This book is the first to provide a thorough description of all aspects of the physico-chemical properties of foams. It sets out what is known about their structure, their stability, and their rheology. Engineers, researchers and students will find descriptions of all the key concepts, illustrated by numerous applications, as well as experiments and exercises for the reader. A solutions manual for lecturers is available via the publisher's web site.

Link to the Solutions Manual Request Form www.oup.co.uk/academic/physics/admin/solutions
1 Uses of foams
1(16)
1 The foams around us
1(1)
1.1 Foams in mythology
1(1)
1.2 On your plate and in your glass
1(2)
1.3 Detergents and cosmetics
3(1)
1.4 Spontaneous or undesirable foams
4(1)
2 Foam identification
4(1)
2.1 Physico-chemical constituents
4(1)
2.2 Geometrical and physical properties
5(1)
2.3 Mechanical properties
6(1)
3 What are foams used for?
6(1)
3.1 Desirable functions
6(2)
3.2 Mineral flotation
8(1)
4 Solid foams and other cellular systems
9(1)
4.1 Solid foams
9(2)
4.2 Other cellular structures
11(2)
5 Experiments
13(1)
5.1 Three ways to make a foam
13(1)
5.2 Chocolate mousse
14(3)
References
15(2)
2 Foams at equilibrium
17(58)
1 Description at all length-scales
17(1)
1.1 At the scale of a gas/liquid interface
17(2)
1.2 At the scale of a film
19(2)
1.3 At the scale of a bubble
21(1)
1.4 At the scale of a foam
22(1)
2 Local equilibrium laws
23(1)
2.1 Equilibrium of fluid interfaces
23(3)
2.2 Plateau's laws
26(5)
3 Dry foams
30(1)
3.1 Number of neighbours: topology
31(4)
3.2 Bubble geometry
35(3)
3.3 Topology and geometry
38(8)
4 Wet foams
45(1)
4.1 Modification of the structure
46(5)
4.2 Osmotic pressure
51(3)
4.3 Role of gravity
54(3)
5 2D and quasi-2D foams
55(2)
5.1 3D structure of a monolayer of bubbles between two plates
57(1)
5.2 A model for a dry 2D foam
58(2)
5.3 Two-dimensional liquid fraction
60(1)
5.4 2D foam flows
61(2)
6 Experiments
63(1)
6.1 Surface tension and surfactants
63(2)
6.2 Creation and observation of 2D and quasi-2D foams
65(1)
6.3 Giant soap films
66(2)
6.4 Kelvin cell
68(1)
7 Exercises
69(1)
7.1 Interfacial area of a foam
69(1)
7.2 Film tension and the Young-Laplace law
69(1)
7.3 Plateau's laws in 2D
70(1)
7.4 Euler's formula
71(1)
7.5 Perimeter of a regular 2D bubble
71(1)
7.6 Energy and pressure
72(3)
References
72(3)
3 Birth, life, and death
75(92)
1 Foam evolution
75(1)
1.1 The competition between different processes
75(3)
1.2 Elementary topological processes
78(4)
2 Birth of a foam
82(1)
2.1 Foamability: introduction to the role of surfactants
82(1)
2.2 Interfacial properties and foamability
82(10)
2.3 Properties of liquid films and foamability
92(6)
2.4 Summary of the microscopic origins of foamability
98(1)
3 Coarsening
99(1)
3.1 Growth rate of a bubble in a dry foam
99(5)
3.2 Evolution of bubble distributions in a dry foam
104(5)
3.3 Effects of different parameters
109(5)
4 Drainage
113(1)
4.1 What is drainage?
114(1)
4.2 Free drainage
114(1)
4.3 Forced drainage
115(1)
4.4 Modelling flows in solid porous media
116(3)
4.5 Modelling the permeability of a liquid foam
119(8)
4.6 Drainage equations
127(1)
4.7 Comparison of theoretical predictions with experiments
128(5)
4.8 Summary and remarks
133(1)
5 Rupture and coalescence
134(1)
5.1 Rupture at the scale of a single film
134(6)
5.2 Rupture at the scale of a foam
140(1)
5.3 Defoamers and antifoams
140(5)
6 Appendices
145(1)
6.1 Stabilizing agents
145(6)
6.2 Dissipation due to surfactant motion during the steady expansion of a film
151(3)
7 Experiments
154(1)
7.1 Flow in a soap film
154(2)
7.2 Free drainage in a foam and the vertical motion of bubbles
156(1)
7.3 Forced drainage in a foam: observation of the wetting front
157(1)
7.4 Life and death of a foam measured by electrical conductivity
158(3)
8 Exercises
161(1)
8.1 Exponent in the scale-invariant regime
161(1)
8.2 Frumkin equation of state
161(1)
8.3 Foam drainage and equilibrium height
161(1)
8.4 Drainage in the bulk and at the wall
162(1)
8.5 Free drainage: characteristic times and liquid fraction profiles
162(1)
8.6 The true 3D pressure and 2D surface pressure
162(5)
References
162(5)
4 Rheology
167(58)
1 Introduction
167(1)
2 Overview of the theological behaviour of complex fluids
168(1)
2.1 Constitutive laws
168(4)
2.2 Shear tests
172(1)
2.3 Small and large strains
173(1)
2.4 Stress tensor in a complex fluid
174(4)
3 Local origin of theological properties
178(1)
3.1 Elastic shear modulus of a dry monodisperse foam
178(5)
3.2 The elastic limit of a dry foam
183(4)
3.3 Dissipative processes
187(7)
4 The multiscale character of foam rheology
193(1)
4.1 Solid behaviour
194(14)
4.2 Transition from solid to liquid behaviour
208(3)
4.3 Foam flow
211(6)
5 Appendix: From the discrete to the continuous
215(2)
6 Experiments
217(1)
6.1 Observation of T1s
217(1)
6.2 Visualization of the yield stress
217(1)
7 Exercises
218(1)
7.1 The Young-Laplace law and the stress in a spherical bubble
218(1)
7.2 Elasticity of a dry 2D foam
219(1)
7.3 Poynting's law
219(1)
7.4 Stress and strain in a square lattice
220(1)
7.5 Elasticity and plasticity
220(1)
7.6 Compressibility of a foam
221(4)
References
221(4)
5 Experimental and numerical methods
225(31)
1 Experimental methods
225(1)
1.1 Methods used to study interfaces and isolated films
225(5)
1.2 Methods for studying foams
230(12)
2 Numerical simulations
242(1)
2.1 Predicting static structure
242(2)
2.2 Predicting dynamics
244(4)
3 Methods of image analysis
248(1)
3.1 Image treatment
248(2)
3.2 Image analysis
250(4)
3.3 Image analysis, liquid fraction, and stress in 2D
254(1)
4 Exercises
255(1)
4.1 Measurement of the average liquid fraction of a foam
255(1)
4.2 Pressure in the Potts model
255(1)
References 256(3)
Notation 259(4)
Index 263
Prof. Isabelle Cantat Professor at Université de Rennes 1, and Research Scientist at the Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1.

Prof. Sylvie Cohen-Addad Professor at Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, and Research Scientist at the Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6.

Dr. Florence Elias Lecturer at Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, and Research Scientist at the Laboratoire Matičre et Systčmes Complexes, Université Paris 7.

Dr. Franēois Graner Senior CNRS Research Scientist (Directeur de Recherche) at the Laboratoire Matičre et Systčmes Complexes, Université Paris 7.

Prof. Reinhard Höhler Professor at Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, and Research Scientist at the Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6.; Dr. Olivier Pitois Senior IFSTTAR Research Scientist (Directeur de Recherche) at the Laboratoire Navier, CNRS, École des Ponts ParisTech, IFSTTAR.

Dr. Florence Rouyer Lecturer at Université de Paris Est - Marne la Vallée and Research Scientist at the Laboratoire Navier, CNRS, École des Ponts ParisTech, IFSTTAR.

Dr. Arnaud Saint-Jalmes CNRS Research Scientist at the Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1.
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