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ix | |
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xiii | |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxi | |
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1 The scope of forensic entomology |
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1 | (11) |
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1.1 Forensic entomology in urban contexts |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Stored product infestation and forensic entomology |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Forensic entomology in the medico-legal context |
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3 | (3) |
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1.4 The history of forensic entomology |
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6 | (3) |
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1.5 Professional associations for forensic entomologists |
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9 | (1) |
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1.6 The UK regulator for forensic science |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 Web addresses of relevant organisations |
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11 | (1) |
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2 Forensic entomology, DNA and entomotoxicology |
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12 | (17) |
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2.1 Preparation of specimens for molecular analysis |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Methods of analysis and sources of information |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.4 Validity of methodologies |
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21 | (2) |
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2.5 The use of other molecular means of insect species determination |
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23 | (1) |
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2.6 Insects and entomotoxicology |
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24 | (3) |
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2.7 Forensic applications of arthropod behaviour for chemical analysis |
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27 | (2) |
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3 Insects and decomposition |
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29 | (13) |
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3.1 Indicators of `time of death' |
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29 | (1) |
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3.2 Stages of decomposition of a body |
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30 | (6) |
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3.3 Volatiles released from the body during decomposition |
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36 | (2) |
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3.4 Decomposition in specific circumstances |
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38 | (4) |
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4 Identifying flies that are important in forensic entomology |
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42 | (35) |
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4.1 What is a fly and how do I spot one? |
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48 | (5) |
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53 | (7) |
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4.3 Forensically important families of flies |
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60 | (13) |
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4.4 Members of other orders that have forensic relevance in aquatic cases |
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73 | (2) |
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4.5 Review technique: larval spiracles or mouthparts - preparation of whole slide mounts |
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75 | (2) |
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5 Key for the identification of European and Mediterranean blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of medical and veterinary importance - adult flies |
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77 | (5) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (2) |
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6 Identifying beetles that are important in forensic entomology |
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82 | (19) |
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6.1 What do beetles look like? |
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82 | (5) |
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6.2 The life stages of the beetles |
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87 | (1) |
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6.3 Selected forensically relevant families of beetles |
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88 | (1) |
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6.4 Features used in identifying forensically important beetle families |
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89 | (8) |
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6.5 Identification of beetle families using DNA |
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97 | (1) |
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6.6 Key to selected forensically relevant families in the order Coleoptera |
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98 | (3) |
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7 Sampling at the crime scene |
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101 | (10) |
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7.1 Entomological equipment to sample from a corpse |
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101 | (3) |
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7.2 Catching adult flying insects at the crime scene |
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104 | (2) |
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7.3 The sampling strategy for the body |
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106 | (2) |
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7.4 Sampling at aquatic crime scenes |
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108 | (1) |
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7.5 Obtaining meteorological data at the crime scene |
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109 | (2) |
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8 Rearing insects and other laboratory investigations |
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111 | (10) |
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8.1 Transporting entomological evidence to the laboratory |
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111 | (1) |
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8.2 Laboratory conditions for fly rearing |
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112 | (1) |
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8.3 Methods of maintaining and rearing insects - terrestrial species |
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113 | (3) |
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8.4 Dietary requirements of insects reared in the laboratory |
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116 | (1) |
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8.5 Beetle rearing in the laboratory |
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117 | (2) |
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8.6 Methods of maintaining aquatic species |
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119 | (2) |
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9 Calculating the post mortem interval |
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121 | (18) |
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9.1 Working out the base temperature |
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123 | (1) |
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9.2 Accumulated degree data |
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124 | (3) |
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9.3 Calculation of accumulated degree hours (or days) from crime-scene data |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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9.5 Use of larval growth in length to determine post mortem interval (isomegalen diagrams and isomorphen diagrams) |
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130 | (2) |
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9.6 Calculating the post mortem interval using succession |
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132 | (5) |
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9.7 The effects of hymenopteran parasitoids on post mortem interval determination |
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137 | (1) |
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9.8 Review technique: interpretation of data from a crime scene case study |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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10 Ecology of forensically important flies |
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139 | (17) |
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10.1 Ecological relationships of some forensically relevant families |
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140 | (4) |
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10.2 Specific family features |
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144 | (7) |
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10.3 Fly infestation of the living |
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151 | (3) |
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10.4 Flies influencing the crime scene |
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154 | (2) |
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11 The ecology of some forensically relevant beetles |
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156 | (13) |
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11.1 Ecology of carrion beetles (Silphidae) |
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157 | (2) |
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11.2 Ecology of skin, hide, and larder beetles (Dermestidae) |
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159 | (4) |
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11.3 Ecology of clown beetles (Histeridae) |
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163 | (1) |
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11.4 Ecology of chequered or bone beetles (Cleridae) |
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164 | (1) |
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11.5 Ecology of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) |
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165 | (1) |
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11.6 The ecology of dung beetles and related families |
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166 | (2) |
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11.7 Ecology of ground beetles (Carabidae) |
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168 | (1) |
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12 Investigations in an aquatic environment |
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169 | (15) |
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12.1 Decomposition and submergence in water |
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170 | (6) |
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12.2 The nature of the water bodies in which submergence may take place |
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176 | (3) |
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12.3 Methods of establishing time since corpse submergence - indicator species |
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179 | (3) |
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12.4 Attractants to the corpse |
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182 | (1) |
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12.5 Methods of culturing aquatic insects |
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182 | (1) |
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12.6 Algae an alternative source of determining time since submergence |
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182 | (2) |
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13 The forensic entomologist in court |
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184 | (17) |
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185 | (2) |
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13.2 The content of the expert's report |
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187 | (7) |
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13.3 The forensic expert in the courtroom |
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194 | (1) |
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13.4 Communicating entomological facts in court |
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195 | (1) |
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13.5 Physical evidence: its continuity and integrity |
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195 | (1) |
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13.6 The code of practice for experts |
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196 | (2) |
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13.7 Use of single joint experts |
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198 | (1) |
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13.8 Practical assignment - writing an expert report using the post mortem calculations generated from Chapter 9 |
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198 | (1) |
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13.9 Further reading on presentation in court |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
Appendices |
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201 | (4) |
Glossary |
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205 | (11) |
References |
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216 | (25) |
Index |
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241 | |