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E-grāmata: Forensic Epidemiology

Steven A. Koehler (Point Park University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA), Peggy A. Brown (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA)

Formāts: 320 pages
Sērija : International Forensic Science and Investigation
Izdošanas datums: 26-Aug-2009
Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781040084038

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Formāts: 320 pages
Sērija : International Forensic Science and Investigation
Izdošanas datums: 26-Aug-2009
Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781040084038

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

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After 9/11, forensic epidemiology emerged as a leading investigative tool, partnering public health officers with law enforcement like never before. Based on the authors first-hand experience, Forensic Epidemiology brings to light the vast amounts of information collected by medical examiners that will be useful in advancing death investigation techniques among the forensic science, public health, and law enforcement fields.

This practical resource begins with a brief overview of epidemiological science and the history of forensic epidemiology before examining the multiple functions of death certificates and the signature role of forensic epidemiologists in death investigations. Incorporating numerous illustrations and real-world examples, the book:

Explains proven methods to collect, analyze, and interpret data for criminal investigations Defines the terminology, methodology, procedures, and goals of all sectors involved for more effective collaboration Examines deaths from natural, suicidal, accidental, homicidal, and undetermined causes Describes the various decomposition states and methods used to establish positive identity

The increased frequency of criminal acts that involve deliberate biological and chemical agents underscores the need for collaboration between law enforcement investigators and public health professionals. As Forensic Epidemiology effectively demonstrates, when they work together, they can mount a powerful and successful response to threats to the American public.

Dr. Steven A. Koehler was interviewed in Volume 12 of Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.

Recenzijas

. . . an excellent introductory and reference text regarding this growing subfield of epidemiology. The authors provide a clear and accurate description of medical examiner/coroner (ME/C) office procedures as they relate to the categories and quality of mortality data that are utilized in forensic epidemiological practice and research. . . . well-organized, well-researched and highly readable. . . . In sum, Koehler and Browns Forensic Epidemiology is a much-needed addition to the epidemiological and forensic literature. The well-written and researched volume provides a useful textbook option for college students and a handy office reference for professionals.. -- Sharon M. Derrick writing in Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology (Humana Press), published online February 27. 2010

The information is not easily available elsewhere, and provides the reader with an insight into this new specialty. I would recommend this book highly to all forensic practitioners, who want to explore this new specialty.

Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology . . . an excellent introductory and reference text regarding this growing subfield of epidemiology. The authors provide a clear and accurate description of medical examiner/coroner (ME/C) office procedures as they relate to the categories and quality of mortality data that are utilized in forensic epidemiological practice and research. . . . well-organized, well-researched and highly readable. . . . In sum, Koehler and Browns Forensic Epidemiology is a much-needed addition to the epidemiological and forensic literature. The well-written and researched volume provides a useful textbook option for college students and a handy office reference for professionals.. -- Sharon M. Derrick writing in Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology (Humana Press), published online February 27. 2010

The information is not easily available elsewhere, and provides the reader with an insight into this new specialty. I would recommend this book highly to all forensic practitioners, who want to explore this new specialty.

Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Series Preface

Preface

xvii

Introduction

xxi

The Authors

xxvii

The Basics of Epidemiology

(12)

Introduction

(1)

History of Epidemiology

(1)

Definition of Epidemiology

(5)

Types of Epidemiology

(4)

Aging Epidemiology

(1)

Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Control and Prevention Programs

(1)

Cardiovascular/Diabetes (Chronic Disease) Epidemiology

(1)

Environmental Epidemiology

(1)

Infectious Disease Epidemiology

(1)

Reproductive, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology

(1)

Injury Epidemiology

(1)

Genetic Epidemiology

(1)

Psychiatric Epidemiology

(1)

Physical Activity Epidemiology

(1)

Forensic Epidemiology

(1)

Epidemiology: Education and Experience

(2)

Forensic Epidemiology

(6)

Introduction

(1)

Brief History of Forensic Science

(1)

Development of Forensic Epidemiology

(2)

Roles of Forensic Epidemiologists

(3)

Medical Examiner's or Coroner's Office

(1)

Health Department

(1)

Public and Private Organizations

(1)

SIDS Deaths

(1)

Drug Prevention Programs for Middle and High School Students

(1)

Private Consultant

(1)

Expert Witness

(1)

The Role of the Forensic Epidemiologist in the Medical Examiner's or Coroner's Office

(12)

Introduction

(1)

Role of a Forensic Epidemiologist in a Medical Examiner's or Coroner's Office

(4)

Death Investigation Data

(1)

Forensic Medicine Data

(2)

Crime Laboratory Data

(1)

Outside Agencies

(3)

Local and National News Agencies

(1)

Drug Enforcement Administration

(1)

Drug Abuse Warning Network

(1)

Law Enforcement

(1)

Death Review Boards

(1)

Mentoring

(1)

Teaching

(1)

Conferences

(1)

Research and Publication

(4)

Peer-Reviewed Journals

(3)

The Operations of a Medical Examiner's or Coroner's Office

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Death Investigation Systems in the United States

(1)

The Coroner's Office

(1)

The Medical Examiner's Office

(1)

The Death Call

(3)

What Constitutes a Reportable Death in an ME/C Case?

(1)

Number of Cases Investigated by ME/C Offices

(1)

ME/C Death Cases

(4)

Death at a Residence

(1)

Death in a Hospital

(1)

Death at a Nonresidence

(1)

Office Will Issue (OWI)

(1)

Morgue Cases

(1)

Direct Release to the Funeral Home

(1)

Forensic Examinations

(4)

External Examination

(1)

Photographing

(1)

Clothing

(1)

The External Body Examination

(2)

Special Processing of the Body

(1)

Types of Complete Forensic Examinations

(1)

The Complete Examination (Virchow Technique)

(6)

Heart

(1)

Lungs

(1)

Liver

(1)

Pancreas

(1)

Kidneys

(1)

Spleen

(1)

Other Internal Organs

(1)

Gastrointestinal Tract

(1)

Stomach Contents

(1)

Central Nervous System (CNS)

(1)

Brain

(1)

Spinal Cord

(1)

Skeletal System

(1)

Final Pathological Diagnosis Report

(2)

The Death Certificate

(24)

Introduction

(1)

Definition

(1)

Functions of the Death Certificate

(1)

Completion of the DC

(1)

Types of Death Certificates

(1)

Anatomy of the Standard Certificate of Death

(11)

Part 37: Manner of Death

(3)

Anatomy of the Medicolegal Death Certificate

(7)

Part 27: Cause of Death

(3)

Pathway of the DC

(2)

Advantages of Using the DC

(1)

Disadvantage of Using the DC

(1)

Natural Deaths

(30)

Introduction

(1)

Definition

(1)

Fatalities

(1)

Natural Deaths Not Reported to the ME/C Office

(1)

Natural Deaths Investigated by ME/C Office

(1)

Forensic Investigation of Natural Deaths

(2)

Types of Natural Deaths

(2)

Cardiovascular System

(1)

Respiratory System

(1)

Hepatobiliary System

(1)

Nervous System

(1)

Organ Weights

(1)

Stored Tissue and Microscopic Slides

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Natural Deaths

(8)

Strengths and Weaknesses of ME/C Natural Death Data

(1)

Natural Death and the DC

(1)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

(15)

Introduction

(1)

Definition

(1)

Fatalities

(1)

Foundations of SIDS

(1)

Forensic Investigation of a SIDS Death

(1)

Methods of Investigation

(1)

Prebirth Factors

(1)

Birth Factors

(1)

Postbirth Environment

(1)

Postbirth Parental Behaviors

(1)

Infant Characteristics

(1)

Death Scene Reports

(1)

Manner: Natural or Undetermined?

(1)

Research

(1)

Application of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of SIDS

(2)

Sleep Position

(1)

Soft Bedding

(1)

Bed Sharing

(1)

Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of SIDS

(6)

Accidental Deaths

105

(60)

Introduction

105

(17)

Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths

105

(1)

Definition

105

(1)

Fatalities

106

(1)

Fundamentals of Drug Overdose Deaths

106

(1)

Forensic Investigation of an Accidental Drug Overdose

107

(2)

Mechanism of an Overdose

109

(2)

Forensic Analysis of Drug Overdose

111

(1)

Body Fluids Collected

111

(1)

Toxicological Analyses

112

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Drug Overdose Deaths

112

(6)

Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Drug Overdose

118

(4)

Motor Vehicle Accident

122

(16)

Definition

122

(1)

Fatalities

122

(1)

Fundamentals of MVA Accidents

123

(1)

Causes of MVAs

123

(1)

Types of MVA Impacts and Associated Injuries

123

(1)

Front Impact

124

(1)

Side Impact

124

(1)

Rollover

124

(1)

Rear Impact

125

(1)

Forensic Investigation of MVA Deaths

125

(2)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of MVAs

127

(8)

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

135

(2)

Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of MVAs

137

(1)

Falls

138

(8)

Definition

138

(1)

Fatalities

138

(1)

Fundamentals of Deaths by a Fall

138

(1)

Forensic Investigation of Death from a Fall

139

(2)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of a Fall

141

(4)

Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Falls

145

(1)

Fire

146

(6)

Definition

146

(1)

Fatalities

146

(1)

Fundamentals of Deaths by Fire

146

(2)

Mechanisms

148

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Fires

149

(3)

Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Fires

152

(1)

Industrial Deaths

152

(3)

Definition

152

(1)

Fatalities

152

(1)

Fundamentals of Industrial Deaths

153

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Industrial Deaths

153

(1)

Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Industrial Deaths

154

(1)

Medical Misadventure Deaths

155

(4)

Definition

155

(1)

Fatalities

156

(1)

Fundamentals of Medical Misadventure Deaths

156

(2)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Medical Misadventures

158

(1)

Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Medical Misadventure

158

(1)

Drowning

159

(6)

Definition

159

(1)

Fatalities

160

(1)

Fundamentals of Drowning Deaths

160

(1)

Mechanism of Drowning

161

(3)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Drowning Advantages and Limitations of Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Drowning

164

(1)

Death by Suicide

165

(22)

Introduction

165

(1)

Definition

165

(1)

Fatalities

165

(1)

Fundamentals of Deaths by Suicide

166

(2)

Investigation of Suicide Deaths

168

(1)

Mechanisms of Suicides

169

(6)

Suicide by Firearm

170

(1)

Suicide by Asphyxiation

171

(1)

Suicide by Carbon Monoxide

172

(1)

Suicide by Overdose

173

(1)

Suicide by Vehicle

174

(1)

Suicide by Train

174

(1)

Suicide by Exsanguination

174

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Suicides

175

(9)

Advantages and Limitations of the Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Suicides

184

(3)

Death by Homicide

187

(34)

Introduction

187

(1)

Definition

187

(1)

Types of Homicide

188

(1)

Fatalities

189

(1)

Fundamentals of Homicide Deaths Investigation

189

(3)

Mechanism of Homicide

192

(1)

Forensic Analysis by Method of Homicide

193

(8)

Homicide by Firearm

193

(2)

Distance from the Victim

195

(1)

Homicide by Suffocation

195

(1)

Homicide by Fire

196

(1)

Homicide by BFT

197

(1)

Homicide by Fear

198

(1)

Homicide by OD

198

(1)

Homicide by Vehicle

198

(1)

Homicide by the State

199

(1)

Lethal Injection

199

(1)

Electric Chair

199

(1)

Gas Chamber

200

(1)

Firing Squad

200

(1)

Hanging

200

(1)

Delayed Homicide

200

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Homicide

201

(11)

National Violence Data Reporting System

212

(6)

National Databases

212

(1)

FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

212

(1)

Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR)

213

(4)

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

217

(1)

Advantages and Limitations of Using ME/C Data and the DC

218

(3)

ME/C Data

218

(2)

Death Certificate Data

220

(1)

Stages of Decomposition: Methods of Determining Identity, Cause of Death, and Undertermined Manner of Death

221

(16)

Introduction

221

(1)

The Determination of Identity

222

(1)

Early Stages of Decomposition

222

(2)

Visual Identification

223

(1)

Clothing and Personal Effects

223

(1)

Fingerprints

224

(1)

Moderate Stages of Decomposition

225

(1)

Internal Identification

226

(3)

Medical/Surgical Implants and Procedures

226

(1)

Disease Conditions

226

(1)

Advanced Stages of Decomposition

226

(1)

X-ray Comparison

227

(1)

Dental Comparison

227

(2)

Extreme Stages of Decomposition

229

(1)

Skeletal Identification

229

(1)

Superimposition Facial Reconstruction

230

(1)

Special Cases of Decomposition

230

(1)

DNA

230

(1)

Cause of Death Known but Manner Undetermined

231

(2)

Cause of Death Undetermined and Manner Undetermined

233

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Investigation of Undetermined Deaths

234

(3)

Special Types of Investigations

237

(10)

Introduction

237

(1)

Homicide-Suicide

237

(1)

Russian Roulette---Death by Suicide or by Accident?

238

(1)

Psychological Autopsy

239

(2)

Introduction

239

(1)

Definition

239

(1)

Brief History of Psychological Autopsies

240

(1)

The Use of Psychological Autopsy

240

(1)

Conducting a Psychological Autopsy

241

(1)

Bioterrorism: Real-Time Surveillance

241

(6)

Introduction

241

(1)

Definition

242

(1)

Brief History of Bioterrorism

242

(1)

Biological Terrorism Agents

242

(1)

Chemical Terrorism Agents

242

(2)

The Role of the Forensic Community

244

(3)

Structure of a Forensic Paper

247

(12)

Introduction

247

(1)

Structure of a Manuscript

247

(6)

Abstract

247

(1)

Introduction

248

(1)

Materials and Methods

249

(2)

Results

251

(1)

Conclusion

252

(1)

References

252

(1)

Types of Manuscripts

253

(2)

Research Articles

253

(1)

Case Presentations (Case Reports)

253

(1)

Review Articles

254

(1)

Letters to the Editor

255

(1)

Peer Review

255

(4)

The Peer Review Process

256

(3)

The Forensic Epidemiologist: Consultant and Expert Witness

259

(10)

Introduction

259

(1)

Forensic Epidemiological Consultant

259

(2)

Forensic Epidemiologist as Expert Witness

261

(2)

The Court Experience

263

(1)

The Federal Rules of Evidence

264

(1)

The Admissibility of Expert Evidence and Testimony

264

(2)

Becoming a Forensic Epidemiologist

266

(3)

Bibliography

269

(10)

Appendix A: Normal Weights of Internal Organs, Standard Deviations, and Ranges for Males

279

(2)

Index

281

Steven A. Koehler, Peggy A. Brown

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E-grāmata: Forensic Epidemiology

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