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Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2014 [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 584 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, 46 Illustrations, color; 333 Illustrations, black and white; XXIV, 584 p. 379 illus., 46 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3662508230
  • ISBN-13: 9783662508237
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Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2014Palielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 584 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, 46 Illustrations, color; 333 Illustrations, black and white; XXIV, 584 p. 379 illus., 46 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3662508230
  • ISBN-13: 9783662508237
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783662508237.html
Keywords:

This book presents the latest developments in the field of forensic pathology/forensic medicine, including important advances in forensic histopathology, forensic radiology, medical malpractice, understanding of child abuse, and forensic toxicology. Various forms of trauma are addressed in individual chapters, and among the other topics covered are traffic medicine, forensic alcohol toxicology, forensic DNA analysis, forensic osteology, and international regulations. The book includes a wealth of color illustrations and numerous tables presenting key facts. The authors are leading experts in general pathology, forensic radiology, and forensic toxicology. Forensic Pathology/Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives will be of interest not only to specialist pathologists and those working in forensic medicine, but also to coroners, forensic physicians, students, lawyers, attorneys, and policemen.



Offering many illustrations and tables, this book presents the latest in forensic histopathology, radiology, toxicology and medical malpractice. Covers trauma, traffic medicine, forensic alcohol toxicology, forensic DNA analysis, forensic osteology and more.

Recenzijas

From the book reviews:

Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives is not only aimed at forensic experts but also at every physician and non-medical investigator (police, prosecutors, attorneys, judges, etc.) involved in unnatural deaths and crimes. this book is a well referenced, modern, understandable guide for forensic and non-forensic experts and law enforcement officers thanks to its clearly arranged structure . (Lucia Tattoli, Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, Vol. 10, 2014)

Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives can be recommended to medical students and residents of legal medicine in particular. Moreover, every physician every physician involved in forensic issues as well as police officers, attorneys, or judges who are interested in understanding daily medicolegal case work in more detail will benefit from this new and internationally oriented compendium. (Daniel Wittschieber, International Journal of Legal Medicine, Vol. 128 (575), 2014)

1 Introduction
1(12)
Selected References and Further Reading
11(2)
2 The External Postmortem Examination
13(21)
2.1 Tasks and Duties of Care at Medical External Examination
16(1)
2.2 Legal Considerations Relating to External Examinations
17(3)
2.2.1 The Concept of the "Dead Body" and Ordering an External Postmortem Examination
17(2)
2.2.2 Timing of the External Postmortem Examination
19(1)
2.3 Collecting Evidence at the Scene of Discovery
20(1)
2.4 Abnormal Findings and Information at External Postmortem Examination
21(2)
2.5 Duty of Due Diligence at External Postmortem Examination
23(5)
2.6 Second External Postmortem Examination at the Crematorium
28(1)
2.7 The External Postmortem Examination and Recording Causes of Death/Fatal Injury
28(2)
2.8 Duty to Bury
30(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
31(3)
3 Thanatology
33
3.1 Death
34(1)
3.2 Brainstem Death and Brainstem Death Diagnosis
35(1)
3.3 State of Apparent Death
35(1)
3.4 Supravital Reactions: Early Postmortem Changes
36(11)
3.4.1 Mechanical Excitability of the Skeletal Muscles
36(1)
3.4.2 Electrical Excitability of Skeletal Muscles
37(1)
3.4.3 Pharmacological Excitability of the Iris Musculature
38(1)
3.4.4 Livor Mortis (Postmortem Lividity/Hypostasis)
38(2)
3.4.5 Rigor Mortis (Postmortem Rigidity)
40(1)
3.4.6 Reduced Body Temperature
41(6)
3.5 Special Postmortem Changes
47(1)
3.6 Animal Scavenging
47(1)
3.7 Advanced Postmortem Changes
48(3)
3.8 Forensic Entomology
51(1)
3.9 Forensic Estimation of the Time of Death and Postmortem Interval
52(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
54(3)
4 Autopsy (Syn. Postmortem Examination, Necroscopy)
57(18)
4.1 Situations Calling for Autopsy and Types of Autopsy
57(2)
4.1.1 Clinical Autopsy in the Pathology Department
58(1)
4.1.2 Autopsies Ordered by an Authority
58(1)
4.1.3 Special Medicolegal Autopsies
58(1)
4.2 Basic Principles of Autopsy Techniques at Medicolegal Autopsy
59(12)
4.2.1 Back, Arms, and Legs
60(1)
4.2.2 The Head and Head Cavity
61(4)
4.2.3 Opening the Chest and Abdominal Cavities
65(6)
4.3 The Autopsy Report
71(1)
4.4 Dealing with Specimens Taken at Autopsy
72(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
73(2)
5 Exhumation
75(10)
5.1 Macroscopic Findings on Exhumation
75(4)
5.2 Histological Findings on Exhumation
79(1)
5.3 Chemical--Toxicological Analysis Following Exhumation
79(4)
5.4 Exhumation of Mass Graves
83(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
83(2)
6 Establishing Identity
85(12)
6.1 Visual Identification by Relatives
86(1)
6.2 Identification Using Personal Effects
86(1)
6.3 Body Modifications and the Results of Medical Treatment
86(2)
6.4 Forensic Odontostomatology
88(1)
6.5 Comparative X-Ray Analysis
89(1)
6.6 Skull-Photo Comparison
89(2)
6.7 Fingerprinting
91(2)
6.8 Large-Scale Disasters: Disaster-Victim Identification (DVI)
93(1)
6.9 Photographic Identification
93(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
94(3)
7 Vital Reactions
97(14)
7.1 Vital Reactions: Hemorrhage
99(1)
7.2 Vital Reactions: Embolisms
100(2)
7.3 Vital Reactions: Findings in the Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tracts (Acute Pulmonary Emphysema, Aspiration, Inhalation, Erosions of the Gastric Mucosa)
102(4)
7.4 Other Vital Reactions: Skin Reactions, Wound Healing, Fat and Muscle Tissue, and Biochemical Vital Reactions
106(1)
7.5 Postmortem Manipulation
107(1)
7.6 Signs of Vitality: Indications of Preserved Capacity to Act Posttrauma
107(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
108(3)
8 Blunt Force Trauma
111(24)
8.1 Injuries: General Forms, Descriptions, and Causes of Death
111(6)
8.2 Types of Blunt Force Trauma
117(5)
8.3 Injuries to Internal Organs
122(8)
8.4 Forensic Neurotraumatology: Brain Injury
130(3)
Selected References and Further Reading
133(2)
9 Pointed, Sharp, and Semi-sharp Force Trauma
135(20)
9.1 Stab Wounds
137(4)
9.2 Incised Wounds
141(1)
9.3 Fatal Stab/Incised Wounds: Differentiating Between Suicide and Homicide
141(2)
9.4 Semi-sharp Force Trauma
143(3)
9.4.1 Chop Wounds
143(1)
9.4.2 Saws
143(1)
9.4.3 Chain Saws and Grinders
144(1)
9.4.4 Bite Wounds
144(2)
9.5 Pointed, Sharp, and Semi-sharp Force Trauma to the Bone
146(1)
9.6 Causes of Death in Pointed, Sharp, and Semi-sharp Force Trauma
146(4)
9.7 Medicolegal Aspects of Death Due to Pointed, Sharp, and Semi-sharp Force Trauma
150(2)
9.7.1 Inferences About a Particular Weapon or Instrument
150(1)
9.7.2 Sharp and Semi-sharp Force Trauma: Differentiating Between Self-Inflicted Injuries and Injuries Inflicted by Others
150(1)
9.7.3 Ability to Act Following Pointed, Sharp, and Semi-sharp Force Trauma
151(1)
9.7.4 Antemortem vs. Postmortem Injuries in Pointed, Sharp, and Semi-sharp Force Trauma
152(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
152(3)
10 Gunshot and Blast Wounds
155(16)
10.1 Firearm Laws
156(1)
10.2 Types of Firearms and Ammunition
156(2)
10.3 Entrance Gunshot Wounds
158(2)
10.4 Exit Gunshot Wounds
160(2)
10.5 Range of Fire
162(1)
10.6 Special Gunshot Wounds
163(5)
10.7 Criminological Aspects of Gunshot Wounds
168(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
169(2)
11 Neck Trauma
171(20)
11.1 Non-compression Trauma to the Neck
172(2)
11.1.1 Stab Wounds and Incised Wounds to the Neck
172(1)
11.1.2 Birth-Related Neck Injury
173(1)
11.1.3 Carotid Sinus Syndrome
174(1)
11.2 Compression Trauma to the Neck
174(15)
11.2.1 Hanging
176(7)
11.2.2 Manual Strangulation
183(2)
11.2.3 Ligature Strangulation
185(4)
Selected References and Further Reading
189(2)
12 Thermal Injury
191(22)
12.1 Heat: Burns and Scalds
191(14)
12.1.1 Signs of Vitality in Burns and Scalding
197(2)
12.1.2 Postmortem Findings and Thermal Injury
199(6)
12.2 Heat Disorders
205(1)
12.3 Hypothermia, Cold, and Frost
206(5)
Selected References and Further Reading
211(2)
13 Electricity, Lightning, and Gases
213(14)
13.1 Fatal Electrocution
214(5)
13.2 Lightning
219(2)
13.3 Electric Shock Devices and Taser Guns (Stun Guns and Remote Electrical Discharge Weapons)
221(2)
13.4 Gas Fatalities
223(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
225(2)
14 Asphyxia
227(16)
14.1 General Pathophysiology of Asphyxia
228(2)
14.2 Particular Constellations in Asphyxial Deaths
230(10)
14.2.1 Positional Asphyxia (Physical Restraint)
230(4)
14.2.2 Autoerotic Accidents
234(1)
14.2.3 Aspiration
235(1)
14.2.4 Gagging
235(2)
14.2.5 Other Forms of Asphyxia
237(3)
Selected References and Further Reading
240(3)
15 Water-Related Deaths
243(18)
15.1 Drowning and Homicidal Drowning
245(8)
15.1.1 Postmortem Interval
245(3)
15.1.2 Osmolality of the Drowning Medium
248(1)
15.1.3 Diagnosing Death by Drowning
249(4)
15.2 Immersion Syndrome and Atypical Drowning
253(4)
15.2.1 Immersion Syndrome (Hydrocution)
253(2)
15.2.2 Atypical (Dry) Drowning
255(1)
15.2.3 "Near Drowning" and Mycotic Infection
255(1)
15.2.4 The Detection of Diatoms in Death by Drowning
256(1)
15.3 Suicide and Homicide in Water
257(1)
15.3.1 Suicide in Water
258(1)
15.3.2 Homicide in Water
258(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
258(3)
16 Death by Starvation and Dehydration
261(8)
16.1 Death by Starvation
262(4)
16.1.1 Starvation and Death by Starvation in Adults
262(2)
16.1.2 Starvation and Death by Starvation in Children
264(2)
16.2 Death by Dehydration
266(1)
16.3 Causes of Death
266(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
267(2)
17 Clinical Forensic Medicine
269(18)
17.1 Self-Inflicted Injuries in Suicides and Attempted Suicides
275(1)
17.2 Self-Harm and Self-Mutilation
276(6)
17.2.1 Differentiating Between Self-Inflicted Injury and Injury Inflicted by Others in the Case of Alleged Assault
277(1)
17.2.2 Self-Harm and Psychiatric Disorders
277(1)
17.2.3 Self-Harm in Custody
278(2)
17.2.4 Body Modification
280(1)
17.2.5 Self-Harm and Insurance Fraud
280(2)
17.3 Fitness to Undergo Questioning, Be Held in Custody, Stand Trial, and Receive a Custodial Sentence
282(1)
17.4 Radiological Diagnosis
283(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
284(3)
18 Child Abuse
287(22)
18.1 Introduction
287(3)
18.2 Blunt Force and Child Abuse
290(4)
18.2.1 Blows and Parallel Contusions
291(1)
18.2.2 Fist Blows
291(1)
18.2.3 Other Forms of Blunt Force
291(2)
18.2.4 Bite Marks
293(1)
18.2.5 Throwing or Dropping an Infant or Toddler
294(1)
18.3 Thermal Injuries and Child Abuse
294(2)
18.4 Shaken Baby Syndrome
296(3)
18.5 Special Forms of Child Abuse
299(2)
18.6 Differential Diagnoses
301(1)
18.7 Child Neglect
302(1)
18.8 Female Genital Mutilation
303(3)
References
306(3)
19 Child Sexual Abuse
309(12)
19.1 Introduction
309(1)
19.2 Examining an Underage Victim of Violence
310(2)
19.3 Anogenital Examination Findings
312(4)
19.4 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Child Sexual Abuse 31319.5 Behavioral Syndromes and Psychopathological Aspects of Child Sexual Abuse
316(1)
19.6 Expert Medical Appraisals in Child Sexual Abuse
316(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
317(4)
20 Infanticide and Neonaticide
321(16)
20.1 Neonaticide
322(4)
20.2 Shaken Baby Syndrome: Non-accidental Head Injury
326(4)
20.3 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSbP), and Infanticide
330(1)
20.4 Physical Neglect Resulting in Death
330(2)
20.5 Causing Death by Gross Blunt Trauma
332(2)
20.6 Suicide in Childhood
334(1)
References
334(3)
21 Traffic Medicine
337(20)
21.1 Traffic Accidents
338(12)
21.1.1 Reconstructing Traffic Accidents
339(1)
21.1.2 Isolated-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Accidents
340(3)
21.1.3 Pedestrian-Motor Vehicle Accidents
343(6)
21.1.4 Two-Wheeled Vehicle-Motor Vehicle Accidents
349(1)
21.2 Fitness to Drive and Suitability to Drive
350(4)
21.2.1 Unsuitability to Drive Due to Disease
352(1)
21.2.2 Unsuitability to Drive Due to Character Deficits
352(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
354(3)
22 Forensic DNA Analysis
357(20)
22.1 DNA Analysis
359(6)
22.1.1 STR Analysis
359(1)
22.1.2 DNA Databases
360(1)
22.1.3 Probability of Identity
361(1)
22.1.4 Calculating Probability of Identity
361(2)
22.1.5 Gonosomal STR Loci
363(1)
22.1.6 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Analysis
363(1)
22.1.7 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
364(1)
22.1.8 Biallelic Deletion/Insertion Polymorphisms (DIPs)
364(1)
22.2 Applications
365(9)
22.2.1 Perpetrator Identification
365(3)
22.2.2 Microscopic Investigations
368(2)
22.2.3 Identifying Deceased Persons
370(2)
22.2.4 Parentage Testing
372(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
374(3)
23 Forensic Osteology
377(22)
23.1 Discovering Bones
378(1)
23.2 Human Specificity
379(5)
23.3 Postmortem Interval
384(2)
23.4 Forensic Osteological Identification
386(2)
23.5 Indicators of Identity: The Biological Profile
388(4)
23.5.1 Sex
388(1)
23.5.2 Body Height
389(1)
23.5.3 Age (Age at Death)
389(2)
23.5.4 Origin
391(1)
23.5.5 Healed Injuries
392(1)
23.6 Population Dependence and Reevaluation
392(1)
23.7 Establishing Identity
393(1)
23.7.1 Forensic DNA Analysis of Bones
393(1)
23.7.2 Dental Status
393(1)
23.7.3 Comparative X-Ray Analysis
393(1)
23.7.4 Skull-Photo Comparison and Forensic Facial Reconstruction
394(1)
23.8 Traces of Injury
394(2)
23.8.1 Postmortem Changes
394(1)
23.8.2 Antemortem Changes
394(1)
23.8.3 Perimortem Changes
395(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
396(3)
24 Forensic Radiology
399(18)
24.1 Postmortem X-Rays
400(1)
24.2 Postmortem Computer Tomography
401(3)
24.3 Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Tomography
404(2)
24.4 Imaging in Clinical Forensic Medicine
406(4)
24.5 Identification
410(1)
24.6 Forensic Radiological Age Estimation
411(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
413(4)
25 Special Case Constellations in Natural, Unexplained, and Unnatural Deaths
417(22)
25.1 Deaths in Police Custody
418(1)
25.2 Deaths in Inpatient Psychiatric Institutions
418(1)
25.3 Deaths in Prison
418(1)
25.4 Deaths in Private Homes
418(1)
25.5 Deaths in the Bathroom
419(1)
25.6 Deaths During Sports and Sexual Activity ("Mors in Actu")
419(1)
25.7 Pregnancy-Related Deaths
419(1)
25.8 Fatal Occupational Accidents
420(1)
25.9 Discovering Multiple Bodies
421(1)
25.10 Deaths in Alcoholics and Drug Users
422(1)
25.11 Sudden Unexpected Natural Deaths
423(11)
25.11.1 Coronary Sclerosis and Myocardial Infarction
423(1)
25.11.2 Coronary Anomalies
424(1)
25.11.3 Valvular Disease and Endocarditis
424(2)
25.11.4 Myocarditis
426(1)
25.11.5 Cardiomyopathies
426(1)
25.11.6 Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
427(1)
25.11.7 Vascular Causes of Sudden Death
427(2)
25.11.8 Respiratory Tract and Pulmonary Embolisms
429(1)
25.11.9 Diseases of the Central Nervous System
430(1)
25.11.10 Gastrointestinal Tract
431(1)
25.11.11 Diseases of the Endocrine Organs
432(2)
25.12 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
434(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
436(3)
26 Torture
439(12)
26.1 Norms and Institutions
440(2)
26.2 Physical Torture
442(3)
26.3 Psychological Torture
445(1)
26.4 Physician Participation in Torture
445(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
447(4)
27 Forensic Psychopathology
451(8)
27.1 Custody
452(1)
27.2 Diminished or Nonexistent Criminal Responsibility
452(1)
27.3 Ability to Make a Will
453(2)
27.4 Crimes of Passion
455(1)
27.5 Psychopathological Abnormalities: Personality Disorders, Mobbing, Stalking, Narcissism, and Querulousness
455(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
457(2)
28 Medical Malpractice
459(8)
28.1 The Concept of "Medical Malpractice"
459(3)
28.2 Handling Medical Malpractice Claims in Forensic Medicine
462(1)
28.3 Conduct in the Event of a Medical Malpractice Claim
463(1)
28.4 Error Prevention Strategies
463(1)
28.5 The Structure of a Forensic Appraisal in Medical Malpractice Claims
464(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
464(3)
29 Forensic Alcohology
467(28)
29.1 Alcohol Detection (Screening)
467(2)
29.2 Toxicokinetics of Alcohol
469(12)
29.2.1 The Absorption Phase
469(1)
29.2.2 Distribution Phase
470(1)
29.2.3 The Elimination Phase and Biotransformation (Metabolism)
470(1)
29.2.4 The "Blood Alcohol Curve"
471(1)
29.2.5 Controversial and Actual Variables Influencing the BAC
472(3)
29.2.6 Calculating Blood Alcohol Concentrations from Data on Alcohol Consumption (the Widmark Formula)
475(1)
29.2.7 Retrograde Extrapolation of BAC to the Time of the Offense Using Blood Samples
476(1)
29.2.8 Sample Calculations
477(1)
29.2.9 Post-Offense Alcohol Consumption and Double Blood Sampling
478(2)
29.2.10 Markers of Alcohol Consumption
480(1)
29.3 Analysis
481(3)
29.3.1 Blood Sampling
481(1)
29.3.2 Analysis Methods
481(1)
29.3.3 Determining Alcohol Concentrations in Other Samples
482(1)
29.3.4 Congener Analysis
482(2)
29.4 Establishing Suspicion and Evidence Recovery
484(1)
29.5 Toxicodynamics of Alcohol
485(3)
29.5.1 Traffic Medicine Aspects
486(2)
29.6 Clinical-Toxicological Aspects
488(1)
29.7 Forensic Aspects
488(2)
29.7.1 Assessing Fitness to Drive (Driving Safety)
488(1)
29.7.2 Assessing Criminal Liability
489(1)
29.7.3 Alcohol and Medication
490(1)
29.8 Alcohol-Related Histopathology
490(2)
29.8.1 Alcoholic Liver Pathology
490(1)
29.8.2 The Pancreas
490(1)
29.8.3 Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
491(1)
29.8.4 Other Alcohol-Related Histopathological Findings
492(1)
Selected References and Further Reading
492(3)
30 Forensic Toxicology
495(48)
30.1 Information and Basic Principles
495(1)
30.2 Important Pharmaco- and Toxicokinetic Parameters
496(44)
30.2.1 Classifying Poisonings
497(1)
30.2.2 Symptoms and Syndromes
497(5)
30.2.3 Classifying Poisons
502(1)
30.2.4 Therapeutic Margin
503(1)
30.2.5 Therapeutic Strategies
504(1)
30.2.6 Postmortem Toxicology
505(2)
30.2.7 The Diagnostic Value of Individual Sample Types
507(2)
30.2.8 Sampling Strategies and Quantities
509(2)
30.2.9 Analytical Detection and Determination Methods
511(4)
30.2.10 Quality Control and Plausibility
515(2)
30.2.11 Toxicology of Special Substances and Groups of Substances
517(1)
30.2.12 Dependence and Abuse
517(1)
30.2.13 Threshold Values in Drug Consumption
518(1)
30.2.14 Major Drugs and Substances
518(8)
30.2.15 Other Narcotics
526(2)
30.2.16 Medicinal Drugs and Other Substances of Particular Relevance in Forensic Toxicology and Traffic Medicine
528(4)
30.2.17 Anorganic and Organic Substances
532(3)
30.2.18 Gases, Solvents, and Industrial Chemicals
535(1)
30.2.19 Organic Solvents
536(1)
30.2.20 Food and the Environment
537(1)
30.2.21 Doping Agents
537(1)
30.2.22 Knockout Drugs
538(2)
Selected References and Further Reading
540(3)
Appendixes 543(22)
Index 565