Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
Author |
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xxi | |
1 Introduction to Forensics |
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1 | (16) |
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2 | (1) |
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The Evolution of Crime, Violence, and Crime Detection |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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The Scope of Crime and Violence in Modern Society |
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4 | (1) |
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The Financial Cost of Violence |
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5 | (1) |
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The Emotional Cost of Violence |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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Assessment: Data Collection |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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Appendix 1.1: Signs of Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (3) |
2 Documentation |
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17 | (88) |
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17 | (2) |
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General Physical Examination |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (15) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (10) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (6) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (5) |
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Mixed Blunt and Sharp Injuries |
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43 | (1) |
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Fast Force Injuries (Gunshot Wounds) |
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43 | (15) |
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45 | (6) |
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51 | (1) |
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Types of Projectiles and Intervening Objects |
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52 | (5) |
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Photographing Gunshot Wounds |
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57 | (1) |
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Important Terms to Remember about Gunshot Wounds |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Thermal, Electrical, and Chemical Injuries |
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58 | (15) |
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58 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (9) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (4) |
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Types of Electrical Burns |
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65 | (3) |
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Lightning Injuries and Death |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (2) |
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Overheating-Related Tissue Injury |
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70 | (1) |
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Cold-Related Tissue Injury |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (9) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Admissibility of Photographs |
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76 | (1) |
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Qualities of Photographs for Evidentiary Purposes |
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76 | (1) |
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Equipment for Forensic Photographs |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Photographing Human Abuse and Assault Injuries |
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78 | (3) |
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Tips for Photographing Anatomical Features |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (3) |
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What Is Digital Evidence and Cyberforensics? |
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82 | (1) |
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What Is the Unique Forensic Value of Digital Evidence? |
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82 | (2) |
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Implications for Healthcare and Forensic Personnel |
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84 | (1) |
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Tampering and Spoliation of Records |
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85 | (3) |
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Safety and Security Concerns |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.1: Adult Male Body Diagram |
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88 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.2: Adult Male Body Diagram, Side View |
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89 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.3: Adult Female Body Diagram |
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90 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.4: Adult Female Body Diagram, Side View |
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91 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.5: Head and Neck |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.7: FeetToes and Bottom |
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94 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.8: FeetSide View |
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95 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.9: Hands, Feet, Head, Eyes, Ears |
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96 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.10: Female Genitalia |
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97 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.11: Male Genitalia |
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98 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.12: Child Body Diagram |
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99 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.13: Infant Body Diagram |
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100 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.14: Consent to Photograph Forms |
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101 | (2) |
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Appendix 2.15: Some Commonly Used ICD-9 and CPT Codes |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
3 Evidence |
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105 | (38) |
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Healthcare Role in Evidence Collection |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Digital or Electronic Evidence |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Basic Principles of Evidence Collection |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (4) |
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Personal Protective Equipment |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (6) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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Common Types of Physical Evidence in Medical Settings |
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118 | (7) |
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118 | (1) |
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Bullets and Other Projectiles |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Large Loose Foreign Materials |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Collecting Pollen Samples |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Moist Secretions (e.g., nondried blood or other moist substances; semen or unknown liquid) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Blood Alcohol and Other Toxicological Specimens |
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128 | (3) |
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Testing for Drugs of Abuse |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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After the Evidence Collection |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Appendix 3.1: Evidence Tag and Chain of Custody |
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136 | (1) |
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Appendix 3.2: Classic Bindle Fold Diagram and Instructions |
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137 | (5) |
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Appendix 3.3a: Blood Collection Instructions |
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139 | (1) |
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Appendix 3.3b: Nail Collection Instructions |
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140 | (1) |
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Appendix 3.3c: Cord Tissue Collection Instructions |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
4 Domestic Violence and Abuse |
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143 | (30) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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Intervention for Domestic Violence |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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Be Prepared and Comfortable Dealing with a "Yes" Answer! |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Appendix 4.1: Danger AssessmentEnglish |
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163 | (2) |
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Appendix 4.2: Danger AssessmentSpanish |
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165 | (2) |
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Appendix 4.3: Domestic Violence Assessment Tool |
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167 | (3) |
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Appendix 4.4: Domestic Violence CQI Tool |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
5 Sexual Assault |
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173 | (30) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Role of the First Responder and Healthcare Provider |
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175 | (1) |
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Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANE) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (18) |
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Appendix 5.1: Suggestions for Police Officers in Sexual Assault Cases |
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195 | (3) |
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Appendix 5.2: Suggestions for First Responders in Sexual Assault Cases |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (2) |
6 Child Abuse and Neglect |
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203 | (24) |
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Definition of Child Abuse |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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Why Parents or Caregivers Abuse |
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205 | (1) |
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Child Abuse: Not an Isolated Event |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (9) |
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206 | (1) |
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Recognizing Child Physical Abuse |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Evaluating Childhood Injuries |
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208 | (2) |
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Accidental versus Abusive Injuries |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (3) |
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210 | (2) |
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Injuries to the Face and Mouth |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Interviewing the Abused Child |
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214 | (1) |
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Healthcare Provider Actions in Cases of Suspected Poisoning |
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214 | (1) |
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Reporting Responsibilities |
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215 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Sexual Assault of Children |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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Swab Technique for Bite Marks |
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217 | (1) |
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Prenatal Alcohol and Drug Abuse |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Laboratory, Radiological, and Ophthalmic Testing |
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218 | (1) |
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Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome |
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219 | (3) |
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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Appendix 6.1: Guidelines for Initial Healthcare Provider-Child Interaction |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
7 Sexual Assault of Children |
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227 | (16) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Short- and Long-Term Psychological and Physical Harm |
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230 | (1) |
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Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Appendix 7.1: Child Sexuality |
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237 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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Appendix 7.2: Signs of Child Sexual Abuse |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
8 Youth Behaviors and Violence |
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243 | (16) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (3) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (2) |
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Dangers to Bystanders and Healthcare Workers |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Effects of Gangs on Children |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (3) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
9 Elder Abuse |
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259 | (22) |
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Categories of Elder Abuse |
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262 | (1) |
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Joint Commission Standards |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Emotional or Psychological Abuse |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Fraud, Theft, and Financial or Material Exploitation |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Physical Abuse |
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266 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Sexual Abuse |
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266 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Emotional or Psychological Abuse |
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267 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Neglect |
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267 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Self-Neglect |
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267 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Abandonment |
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268 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Financial or Material Exploitation |
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268 | (1) |
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Reasons Elder Abuse Isn't Reported |
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268 | (1) |
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Reasons for Abuse or Neglect in Institutionalized Settings |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (2) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Appendix 9.1: Rights of Elders |
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274 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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Appendix 9.2: Elder Abuse Assessment Tool |
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276 | (2) |
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Appendix 9.3: Support Agencies |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (3) |
10 Death Investigation |
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281 | (18) |
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Some Thoughts to Consider |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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Cause, Manner, and Mechanism of Death |
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283 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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Role of the Death Investigator |
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287 | (1) |
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Goals of Death Investigation |
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287 | (1) |
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Implications for Healthcare Providers |
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287 | (3) |
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Death Investigation Basics |
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287 | (1) |
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Goals of Evidence Collection at the Time of Death |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Organ and Tissue Donation |
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291 | (1) |
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Basic Information Regarding Donation |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Summary of HCFA 42 CFR 482 |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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Appendix 10.1: Deaths to Be Reported to the Office of the Medical Investigator (OMI) |
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294 | (1) |
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Appendix 10.2: Suspicious Circumstances of Death |
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295 | (1) |
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Appendix 10.3: Death Investigation Report |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
11 Occupational Issues for Forensic Personnel |
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299 | (24) |
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299 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (6) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Signs of Increasing Tension |
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304 | (1) |
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Responding to Increasing Tension |
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304 | (1) |
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Signs of Increasing Disruption |
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304 | (1) |
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Response to Increasing Disruption |
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304 | (1) |
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Types of Violent Behavior |
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305 | (1) |
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Responding to Violent Behavior |
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305 | (1) |
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Reporting Responsibilities |
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306 | (1) |
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Consequences for the Victim, Staff, Patients, and the Provider Organization |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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Types of Sexual Harassment |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (2) |
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Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen Deprivation |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Regulations and Reporting |
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313 | (1) |
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Appendix 11.1: Equipment and Supplies |
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314 | (2) |
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Appendix 11.2: Minimum Required Equipment for Nontransport Medical Rescue Vehicles: New Mexico Administrative Code 2009 |
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316 | (3) |
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Appendix 11.3: Violent Incident Report Form |
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319 | (1) |
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Appendix 11.4: Bomb Threat Report |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
12 Legal Issues |
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323 | (8) |
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323 | (5) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Do's and Don'ts When Testifying |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
Index |
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331 | |