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E-grāmata: Forming Winning Strategies: An Integrated Theory of Habitual Domains

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Dec-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642612954
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Forming Winning Strategies: An Integrated Theory of Habitual Domains
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Dec-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642612954
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Sooner or later, people develop a fairly stable set of ways for thinking, judging and responding; this is called one's habitual domain. Our habitual domains (HDs) grow and go wherever we go and have great impact on our behavior and decision making. When we are vital and growing our HDs are expanding and flexible; and when we find ourselves in ruts, not growing, it is because our HDs have become rigid and inflexible, as in death. This book discusses all aspects of habitual domains: their foundations, expansion, dynamics and applications to various nontrivial decision problems in our lives, including effective decision making, effective goal setting, cooperation, conflict resolution, negotiation and career management. Based on an integration of psychology, system science, management and common sense and wisdom, the book provides a simple but unified set of tools in terms of habitual domains and the behavior mechanism. The tools can be applied to expand and sharpen our capacity for knowing ourselves, our coworkers, our rivals, and our environments, and to form winning strategies for solving our problems. To make the book fun to read and the concepts introduced easy to understand and apply, the book is written in plain language with many lively and interesting examples as illustrations. The first half of the book focuses on general descriptions of the behavior mechanism and habitual domains, the second half on applications.
1. Introduction.- 1.1 Main Objectives.- 1.2 Main Features.- 1.3
Suggestions for the Best Use of this Book.-
2. Behavior Mechanism Part 1:
Brain, Memory and Thoughts.- 2.1 Overview.- 2.1.1 Bases for Interpreting
Events.- 2.1.2 Unfavorable Discrepancies.- 2.1.3 Attention Allocation.- 2.1.4
The Least Resistance Principle.- 2.1.5 External Information.- 2.1.6 A Sketch
of the Behavior Mechanism.- 2.2 Circuit Pattern Hypothesis (H1).- 2.3
Unlimited Capacity Hypothesis (H2).- 2.4 Efficient Restructuring Hypothesis
(H3).- 2.5 Analogy/Association Hypothesis (H4).- 2.6 Further Reading.-
3.
Behavior Mechanism Part 2: Charges, Attention, and Actions.- 3.1 Goal Setting
and State Evaluation.- 3.1.1 Goals.- 3.1.2 Goal Setting and State
Evaluation.- 3.1.3 Goal Setting and State. Evaluation Hypothesis (H5).- 3.2.
Charge Structures and Attention Allocation.- 3.2.1 Charge Structures.- 3.2.2
Attention Allocation.- 3.2.3 Charge Structures and Attention Allocation
Hypothesis (H6).- 3.3 Discharge Hypothesis (H7).- 3.4 Information Input
Hypothesis (H8).- 3.5 Summary and Conclusion.- 3.5.1 A Summary of Eight
Hypotheses.- 3.5.2 Some Paradoxical Observations.- 3.6 (Appendix) The
Ordering of Charge Structures.- 3.7 Further Reading.-
4. Common Behavior
Tendencies and Applications.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Social Comparison
Theory.- 4.2.1 Introductory Examples.- 4.2.2 Main Concept.- 4.2.3
Applications.- 4.3 Halo Effect.- 4.3.1 Main Concept.- 4.3.2 Applications.-
4.4 Self-Projection Effect.- 4.4.1 Main Concept.- 4.4.2 Applications.- 4.5
Proximity Theory.- 4.5.1 Main Concept.- 4.5.2 Applications.- 4.6
Reciprocation Behavior.- 4.6.1 Main Concept.- 4.6.2 Applications.- 4.7
Similarity Effects.- 4.7.1 Main Concept.- 4.7.2 Applications.- 4.8
Scapegoating Behavior.- 4.8.1 Main Concept.- 4.8.2 Applications.- 4.9
Responsibility Diffusion in Group Behavior.- 4.9.1 Main Concept.- 4.9.2
Applications.- 4.10 Further Reading.-
5. Habitual Domains: Formation and
Properties.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Formation of Habitual Domains.- 5.3
Decomposition of Habitual Domains.- 5.3.1 Classification of Habitual
Domains.- 5.3.2 Elements of Habitual Domains.- 5.4 Paradoxical Properties of
Habitual Domains.- 5.4.1 Simplicity vs. Complexity.- 5.4.2 Stability vs.
Dynamics.- 5.4.3 Consistency vs. Contrariness.- 5.4.4 Absorption vs.
Rejection of External Information.- 5.5 Degree of Habitual Domain Expansion.-
5.5.1 Zero Degree Expansion.- 5.5.2 First Degree Expansion.- 5.5.3 Second
Degree Expansion.- 5.6 Further Reading.-
6. Habitual Domains: Expansion and
Interactions.- 6.1 Methods for Expansion of Habitual Domains.- 6.1.1 Active
Learning.- 6.1.2 Projecting from a Higher Position.- 6.1.3 Self Awareness.-
6.1.4 Active Association.- 6.1.5 Changing the Relevant Parameters.- 6.1.6
Retreating.- 6.1.7 Changing the Environment.- 6.1.8 Brain Storming.- 6.2
Ideas That Catch Our Attention.- 6.2.1 Ideas that Could Change Charge
Structure.- 6.2.2 Ideas that Could Trigger Echoing in Memory.- 6.2.3 Ideas
that Arrive at the Right Time.- 6.2.4 Right Ways of Presenting.- 6.2.5
Credibility of the Ideas.- 6.3 Ideas that are Hard to Catch Our Attention.-
6.3.1 Ideas that Have No Effect on Charge Structures.- 6.3.2 Ideas that are
Contrary to Our Beliefs.- 6.3.3 Ideas that Arrive at the Wrong Time.- 6.3.4
Wrong Ways of Presenting.- 6.3.5 Low Credibility.- 6.4 Proper Attitudes in
the Interaction of Habitual Domains.- 6.4.1 Cultivate the State for
Attracting Good Ideas.- 6.4.2 Judge and Absorb Right Ideas.- 6.4.3 Offer
Ideas and Operators Effectively.- 6.5 Expansion and Learning Process.- 6.6
Summary of Habitual Domain Concepts.- 6.7 Further Reading.-
7. Understanding
Decision Making.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Nontrivial Decision Examples.- 7.3
Decision Elements.- 7.3.1 Decision Alternatives.- 7.3.2 Decision Criteria.-
7.3.3 Decision Outcomes.- 7.3.4 Preference.- 7.3.5 Information Inputs.- 7.4
Decision Environments.- 7.4.1 A Part of the Behavior Mechanism.- 7.4.2 Stages
of Decision Processes.- 7.4.3 Players in the Decision Processes.- 7.4.4
Unknowns in Decision Processes.- 7.5 Further Reading.-
8. Effective Decision
Making.- 8.1 Decision Cycles.- 8.2 Cores of Habitual Domains.- 8.3 Learning
Processes.- 8.3.1 Implanting.- 8.3.2 Nurturing.- 8.3.3 Habituating.- 8.4
Competence Sets and Classes of Decision Problems.- 8.4.1 Routine Problems.-
8.4.2 Mixed Routine Problems.- 8.4.3 Fuzzy Problems.- 8.4.4 Challenging
Problems.- 8.5 Confidence, Risk Taking and Ignorance.- 8.6 Effective Decision
Making.- 8.7 Decision Assistance.- 8.8 (Appendix) Decision Situation and
Competence Sets.- 8.9 Further Reading.-
9. Effective Goal Setting and
Performance.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Performance Factors.- 9.3 A General
Principle of Effective Goal Setting.- 9.4 Control Variables in Goal Setting.-
9.4.1 Selection of Goals.- 9.4.2 Goal Levels.- 9.5 Control Variables in
Support Systems.- 9.5.1 Working Environment Controls.- 9.5.2 Training,
Assistance and Supervision.- 9.5.3 Result, Monitoring and Feedback.- 9.5.4
Reward Systems.- 9.6 Decomposition Principle.- 9.7 Implementation.- 9.7.1
Planning and Calculating.- 9.7.2 Training and Execution.- 9.7.3 Maintaining
and Renewing.- 9.8 Some Empirically Known Results.- 9.8.1 Goal Acceptance.-
9.8.2 Goal Difficulty.- 9.8.3 Goal Specificity.- 9.8.4 Knowledge of Results.-
9.8.5 Rewards.- 9.8.6 Participative vs. Assigned Goals.- 9.8.7 Support
Systems.- 9.8.8 Ability.- 9.8.9 Effective Time.- 9.9 Further Reading.-
10.
Knowing Habitual Domains.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Personal Habitual
Domains-An Introduction.- 10.3 Habitual Domains on Behavior Functions.-
10.3.1 Memory.- 10.3.2 Knowledge and Skill Sets.- 10.3.3 Physiological
Condition.- 10.3.4 Goal Setting.- 10.3.5 State Evaluation.- 10.3.6 Charge
Structures.- 10.3.7 Attention Allocation.- 10.3.8 Information Interaction
with the External World.- 10.4 Habitual Domains on Events.- 10.5 Habitual
Domains on External Interactions.- 10.5.1 Identification Spheres.- 10.5.2
Role Maps.- 10.5.3 Attitude Toward the External World.- 10.6 General
Application Procedures.- 10.7 Organization Habitual Domains.- 10.8 Nine
Principles for Deep Knowledge.- 10.9 Further Reading.-
11. Understanding
Games, Cooperation and Conflicts.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Cooperation and
Conflict in Simplicity.- 11.2.1 Harmony in Self-interest and Group-Interest.-
11.2.2 Inconsistence of Self-interest and Group-Interest.- 11.2.3 Preemptive
Moves in Interactions.- 11.2.4 Dynamic Games.- 11.3 Complex World of
Conflicts and Cooperation.- 11.3.1 Living Domains and Awareness of
Engagements.- 11.3.2 Forms of Engagements.- 11.3.3 The Rules.- 11.3.4 The
Players.- 11.4 Further Reading.-
12. Restructuring Games and Forming Winning
Strategies.- 12.1 Restructuring Interplays-Second Order Games.- 12.1.1
Players' Charge Structures are the Driving Forces.- 12.1.2 Procedures for
Effective Restructuring.- 12.1.3 Reframing Game Situations by Decision
Elements.- 12.2 Observations from the Behavior Mechanism.- 12.2.1 Charge
Structures Drive Interactions.- 12.2.2 Perceptions Generate Charges and
Actions.- 12.2.3 Least Resistance Principle for Discharge.- 12.2.4 Players'
Own Domains are the Main Concern.- 12.3 Conflict Maps for Conflict
Assessment.- 12.3.1 Perspective Maps.- 12.3.2 Situation Maps.- 12.3.3 HD Maps
of the Players.- 12.4 Forming Winning Strategies and Applications.- 12.4.1
Forming Winning Strategies.- 12.4.2 Making People Like Us.- 12.4.3 Making
Suggestions Effectively.- 12.4.4 Bargaining and Negotiation.- 12.4.5 Direct
Conflict and War.- 12.5 Further Reading.-
13. Career Management.- 13.1
Introduction.- 13.2 Career Evolutions and Stages.- 13.2.1 A Basic Form of
Career Evolution.- 13.2.2 Renewal and Complex Forms of Career Evolution.-
13.3 Taking Charge of Career Stages.- 13.3.1 Forming an Ideal Career Path.-
13.3.2 Obtaining a Good Job.- 13.3.3 Performance and Advancement.- 13.3.4
Coping with Problems in Various Career Stages.- 13.3.5 Business Success Rules
of Conarroe.- 13.4 A Case Study.- 13.5 Further Reading.-
14. Ideal Habitual
Domains.