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Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis: Volume VI: Behavioral Models of Learning [Mīkstie vāki]

(Professor of Economics, University of Leicester, UK)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 300 pages, height x width x depth: 241x189x17 mm, weight: 590 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Dec-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198853688
  • ISBN-13: 9780198853688
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 300 pages, height x width x depth: 241x189x17 mm, weight: 590 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Dec-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198853688
  • ISBN-13: 9780198853688
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This is the sixth volume of focused texts developed from leading textbook The Foundations of Behavioral Economics. Authoritative, cutting edge, and accessible, this volume covers behavioral modes of learning.

This sixth volume of The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis covers behavioral models of learning. It is an essential guide for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students seeking a concise and focused text on this important subject, and examines evolutionary game theory, models of learning, and stochastic social dynamics.

This updated extract from Dhami's leading textbook allows the reader to pursue subsections of this vast and rapidly growing field and to tailor their reading to their specific interests in behavioral economics.

Recenzijas

The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis is a masterpiece. It covers the whole field of behavioral economics. And it is also an easy read, as beautiful examples throughout lead readers to appreciate behavioral decisions from the perspective of their own lifetime experience. * George A. Akerlof, Daniel E. Koshland, Sr. Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of California at Berkeley and 2001 Nobel Laureate in economics * The publication of this book is a landmark occasion for the field of behavioural economics. Until now there has been no comprehensive survey of the field suitable for graduate students. Professor Dhami has thoroughly and rigorously filled that gap. The book will be placed in a handy place in my office since I plan to consult it regularly. * Richard H. Thaler, Charles R Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of Economics and Behavioral Science, University of Chicago and 2017 Nobel Laureate in Economics * This is truly an amazing work. It is unique in both comprehensiveness and depth. The author is to be applauded for producing what will surely be the standard reference for both researchers and students. And breaking it into seven volumes will greatly enhance its usability. I highly recommend these volumes to any serious reader in behavioral economics. * Gary Charness, Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara * Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis offers a fascinating mix of theory and evidence and is the most comprehensive synthesis of behavioral economics at an advanced level. It will be very useful for advanced researchers as well as for graduate students in behavioral economics and beyond. * Ernst Fehr, University of Zurich * This series of seven volumes is a tour de force, a literal encyclopedia of behavioral economics. Its extraordinary breadth and depth, spanning all aspects from psychological foundations to the most recent advances and seamlessly integrating theory with experiments, will make it the must-have reference for anyone interested in this field, and more generally in where economics is headed. It will quickly become the standard textbook for all graduate courses in behavioral economics, and a much-thumbed companion for all researchers working at the frontier * Roland Benabou, Princeton University * For someone like myself, who started by being ignorant of the richness of the conversation within behavioral economics on a variety of issues, this magisterial volume is the ideal introduction, at once lucid and sophisticated. * Abhijit Banerjee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology * In Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis, Sanjit Dhami offers the first summary and exposition of research in this rapidly growing and increasingly influential subfield. The coverage is comprehensive, extending even to the recent subtopics of behavioural welfare economics and neuroeconomics. The book is distinguished by its detailed yet readable coverage of theory and evidence and its balanced discussion of the philosophical and methodological differences and similarities between behavioural and neoclassical approaches to microeconomics. Select undergraduates, graduate students, and interested scholars will all gain from this masterful book. * Vincent P. Crawford, University of Oxford and University of California, San Diego * 'Economic theory in the twentieth century developed an extremely powerful repertoire of analytical techniques for studying human behavior, but labored under the rather bizarre misconception that the postulates of rational choice were sufficient to characterize economic behavior. Behavioral economics from the late twentieth century to the present demonstrated the explanatory power of hitching these analytical techniques to empirical data gleaned from laboratory and field experiments. The result has radically transformed economics as a scientific discipline, and the best is surely yet to come. Sanjit Dhami has performed a monumental task in consolidating this research and explaining the results in a rigorous yet accessible manner, while highlighting major controversies and sketching the central research questions facing us today. * Herbert Gintis, Santa Fe Institute * In the development of any field there comes a moment where the results already established must be synthesized, explained and consolidated both for those in the field and those outside. In these amazing volumes Sanjit Dhami has done just that and far more. This book will serve as an encyclopedic must-have reference for anyone seeking to do work in this field or just curious about it. The coverage is exhaustive and the exposition extremely clear and at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduates students, and professionals. This is truly an achievement. * Andrew Schotter, New York University and Center for Experimental Social Science * Displaying wit and wisdom, in Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis Professor Dhami conveys both the substance and the excitement of the burgeoning field of behavioral economics. These remarkable volumes will serve as a reference for practitioners and a compelling entry-point for the curious * George Loewenstein, Carnegie Mellon University * The expansion of behavioral economics during the past quarter century has been remarkable, much of it concerning strategic interaction and using tools from game theory. Sanjit Dhami's amazing book, now available in a convenient multi-volume format, summarizes and even definesthe field, broadly as well as in depth. His coverage of theory as well as of experiments is superb. Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis will be an indispensable resource for students and scholars who wish to understand where the action is. * Martin Dufwenberg, University of Arizona * Sanjit Dhami's Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis is a major and most impressive achievement. It provides an exhaustive account and a masterful synthesis of the state of the art after more than three decades of behavioral economics. It has proven to be an indispensable reference for researchers in economics and psychology. The second, updated edition comes in seven volumes, and it is bound to become the standard text in graduate and advanced undergraduate courses on behavioural and experimental economics for many years to come. * Klaus M. Schmidt, University of Munich * This is the most complete and stimulating series of books on behavioral economics. With elegance and unprecedented elaborateness, it ties together a wealth of experimental findings, rigorous theoretical insights and exciting applications across all relevant fields of behavioral research. Sanjit Dhami's work has been shaped by numerous comments of the leaders in the field. Now, in the years to come, it will be the standard that shapes how the next generation of students and researchers think about behavior and its science. * Axel Ockenfels, University of Cologne, Speaker of the Cologne Excellence Center of Social and Economic Behavior * These seven volumes cover all relevant theoretical aspects of behavioral economics in great depth. A great strength is their comprehensiveness: they cover the whole field in a unified manner. They thus are unique in bringing to the fore the unity and diversity of the behavioral approach. The material is well-organized and accessible to a wide audience. It is invaluable to anyone teaching or studying any topic in behavioral economics, showing how the topic fits into the whole. * Peter Wakker, Erasmus University Rotterdam * Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis will be a central textbook for behavioral economics. One key feature is its appealing focus on the interplay between theory and evidence. For researchers, it will be a great source of information, puzzles, and challenges for the many years to come. It is a major achievement. * Xavier Gabaix, Pershing Square Professor of Economics and Finance, Harvard University * Sanjit Dhami has spent more than 10 years on the monumental task to lay out the foundations of behavioral economics. The result is a major achievement. The book provides a comprehensive and encompassing survey and I think it will shape how the next generation of researchers thinks about the field. Overall, this is an excellent book that can be commended to advanced students of behavioural economics and to non-behavioural economics who are looking for an entry point into the field. It will also serve researchers in behavioural economics as an authoritative reference book. It is a must-have for anyone with a serious interest in the field. * Jean-Robert Tyran, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics * The Foundations of Behavioural Economic Analysis is a major contribution to the contemporary economic studies in the areas of behavioural economics, psychology and game theory. It will remain as a major treatise on behavioural economics for many decades. I cannot think that another book will supersede this book in terms of rigor, comprehensiveness, and analytical sophistication in the foreseeable future. This book is also a very interesting and extremely useful publication for academic analysis, policy design and practical applications. * Professor.Sardar M. N.Islam, Victoria University * Almost all the chapters follow a basic structure: they sketch the neoclassical theory; review evidence on its empirical plausibility; introduce alternative behavioral theories; finally go on to discuss further evidence of the newer theories' relative successes and failures compared to the neoclassical theories. A lot of thought has gone into writing the introductions of each section as they outline the broad trends, debates, and core empirical results, making it easy to get into the detailed chapters with a clear idea of the direction of research in that topic.To sum it up, the book ends up doing exactly what it promised, take stock of behavioral economicscourse text for advanced students.., a research handbook for behavioral economists, and an invitation to economists and other social scientists of all persuasions to explore this exciting new field. * Utteeyo Dasgupta, Studies in Microeconomics *

List of Figures
xxi
List of Tables
xxiii
Introduction to Volume 6 1(6)
Introduction to Behavioral Economics and the Book Volumes 7(35)
1 Some antecedents of behavioral economics
9(1)
2 On methodology in economics
10(6)
3 The experimental method in economics
16(12)
3.1 Experiments and internal validity
17(2)
3.2 Subject pools used in lab experiments
19(1)
3.3 Stake sizes in experiments
20(1)
3.4 The issue of the external validity of lab findings
20(2)
3.5 The role of incentives in economics
22(3)
3.6 Is survey data of any use?
25(2)
3.7 Replications in experimental economics
27(1)
4 Approach and organization of the book
28(5)
5 Appendix A: The random lottery incentive mechanism
33(1)
6 Appendix B: In lieu of a problem set
33(9)
1 Evolutionary Game Theory
42(55)
1.1 Introduction
42(4)
1.2 Some preliminaries
46(2)
1.3 Evolutionary stable strategies in two-player games
48(4)
1.4 Relation of ESS with other equilibrium concepts
52(1)
1.5 Replicator dynamics
53(5)
1.6 Applications of evolutionary game theory
58(10)
1.6.1 Prisoner's dilemma game: monomorphic equilibrium
58(4)
1.6.2 The game of chicken: polymorphic equilibria
62(2)
1.6.3 Non-existence of an asymptotically stable equilibrium
64(2)
1.6.4 A two-population model of coordination
66(2)
1.7 Playing the field
68(1)
1.8 Gene-culture coevolution
69(9)
1.8.1 Basics of gene-culture coevolution
69(4)
1.8.2 A formal model of cultural evolution
73(5)
1.9 The evolution of altruism and reciprocity
78(12)
1.9.1 Kin selection and inclusive fitness
78(2)
1.9.2 Group selection or multilevel selection
80(2)
1.9.3 Reciprocal altruism or direct reciprocity
82(1)
1.9.4 Indirect reciprocity
83(2)
1.9.5 Repeated games, cooperation, and classical game theory
85(1)
1.9.6 The indirect evolutionary approach
85(4)
1.9.7 Other issues in evolutionary explanations of cooperation
89(1)
1.10 Social learning and replicator-like dynamics
90(7)
1.10.1 Social imitation and emulation dynamics
90(2)
1.10.2 Some microfoundations of replicator dynamics: imitation learning
92(2)
1.10.3 Social dynamics based on payoff monotonicity
94(3)
2 Models of Learning
97(67)
2.1 Introduction
97(6)
2.2 Reinforcement learning
103(8)
2.2.1 The one-parameter reinforcement learning model
103(2)
2.2.2 The three-parameter model of reinforcement learning
105(1)
2.2.3 Some other variants of reinforcement learning
106(1)
2.2.4 Optimality of reinforcement learning in a stationary environment
107(1)
2.2.5 Empirical evidence on reinforcement learning
108(3)
2.3 Belief-based models of learning
111(15)
2.3.1 Empirical evidence on some belief-based models
117(4)
2.3.2 Reinforcement learning versus fictitious play: empirical evidence
121(5)
2.4 The experience weighted attraction model of learning
126(10)
2.4.1 Special case: reinforcement learning
128(1)
2.4.2 Special case: belief-based learning
128(1)
2.4.3 Empirical evidence for the EWA
129(2)
2.4.4 Functional EWA (fEWA)
131(2)
2.4.5 Sophisticated EWA learning and strategic teaching
133(3)
2.5 Learning models: two points of view
136(2)
2.6 The class of learning direction theories
138(10)
2.6.1 Learning direction theory
138(2)
2.6.2 Impulse matching theories
140(5)
2.6.3 An explanation of the data from order statistic games
145(3)
2.7 Rule-based learning
148(6)
2.7.1 A formal model of rule learning
149(4)
2.7.2 Evidence from rule-based models
153(1)
2.8 Multiple games, complexity, and categorization
154(5)
2.9 Possibility and impossibility of rational learning
159(5)
3 Stochastic Social Dynamics
164(28)
3.1 Introduction
164(2)
3.2 Fixing ideas in stochastic dynamics
166(6)
3.2.1 Stochastic dynamics in a coordination game
167(3)
3.2.2 A model of technology adoption
170(2)
3.3 Perturbed Markov dynamics in 2 × 2 games
172(8)
3.3.1 Dominated strategies as stochastically stable states
173(3)
3.3.2 Risk dominance under perturbed dynamics
176(2)
3.3.3 Extensions of the basic model
178(2)
3.4 Memory, conventions, and risk dominance in 3 × 3 games
180(8)
3.4.1 Boundedly rational play and fully rational outcomes
184(1)
3.4.2 Of norms and social evolution
184(2)
3.4.3 A brief selection of further applications
186(2)
3.5 Social networks
188(4)
3.5.1 An application to agrarian contracts
190(2)
4 A Guide to Further Reading
192(41)
4.1 Introduction
192(2)
4.2 Complexity and economics
194(13)
4.2.1 An example of inductive reasoning: the El Farol problem
198(1)
4.2.2 Increasing returns and the choice of technology
199(4)
4.2.3 Neighborhood segregation as an emergent property
203(2)
4.2.4 Chaos and the logistics map
205(2)
4.3 Agent-based models (ABMs)
207(7)
4.3.1 An ABM of the UK housing market
209(3)
4.3.2 A critical assessment of ABMs
212(2)
4.4 Machine Learning
214(13)
4.4.1 Bargaining under one-sided asymmetric information
221(5)
4.4.2 An application to choices among risky lotteries
226(1)
4.5 Exercises for Volume 6
227(6)
Appendix A 233(8)
Appendix B 241(3)
Appendix C 244(9)
References for Volume 6 253(12)
Name Index 265(4)
Subject Index 269
Sanjit Dhami is Professor of Economics at the University of Leicester. He studied at the Delhi School of Economics and the University of Toronto for his Masters, MPhil, and PhD degrees in economics. He has previously taught at the Universities of Toronto, Essex, and Newcastle. His research has mainly focused on behavioral economic theory and its applications. He has published on the axiomatic foundations of the various components of prospect theory, behavioral political economy using other-regarding preferences, behavioral time preferences, foundations of behavioral game theory, and applications in tax evasion, stochastic dominance concepts under other-regarding preferences, and in behavioral law and economics.