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E-grāmata: Fracking Debate: Intergovernmental Politics of the Oil and Gas Renaissance, Second Edition

(Auburn University, USA)
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The disputes around fracking, and oil and gas policy, follow a long tradition of complicated intergovernmental relationships. Proponents argue that fracking supports new and well-paying jobs, revitalizes state and local economies, and that it can help replace reliance on other fossil fuels. Skeptics and opponents contend that oil and gas production via fracking contaminates air and water resources, causes earthquakes, and can ruin the character of many communities. Examining the intergovernmental politics of the first oil and natural gas boom of the 21st century, The Fracking Debate, Second edition offers a holistic understanding of the politics that characterize oil and natural gas operations, including why local governments are challenging their states preemptive authority, in order to initiate a larger conversation about improving intergovernmental relationships. Author Jonathan Fisk presents a novel argument about the ways in which local, state, regional, and national approaches to governance of shale gas development can work together to reduce conflict and forward the interests of the communities exposed to development, asking important questions such as:











What state structures govern state-local relations? What state institutions impact and shape oil and gas production? What is the policymaking context in the state?





What are the costs and benefits of hydraulic fracturing at the national, state, and local levels? How are risks and rewards distributed within states?







What local policies have challenged the state, and why would local communities challenge the state?

The result is a book that demonstrates that when stakeholders acknowledge their interdependencies and one anothers expertise, they create, design, and implement more responsive, strategic, and targeted public policies. The Fracking Debate, Second edition will be required reading for courses on oil and gas policy in the United States, environmental politics, and domestic energy politics, as well as a vital reference for practitioners and policymakers working in these fields.

Recenzijas

"Jonathan Fisk has given us an excellent analysis of state and local fracking politics and policy-making that is informative, well written, and eminently readable. Especially useful is a concluding chapter that offers a number of policy prescriptions designed to facilitate state and local efforts to balance energy and environmental protection while recognizing the need for both transparency and public involvement." Charles Davis, Colorado State University, USA

"Fracking represents a test of the capacity of states and localities to be good environmental stewards given the very modest federal role. Jonathan Fisk's thoughtful book examines the diverse range of policy responses across key states and explores the considerable conflict that has emerged between state and local control. This represents an original contribution on fracking governance, with important lessons for the future of American environmental federalism." Barry G. Rabe, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, USA

1 Introducing the Politics of Oil and Gas Development
1(31)
The Basics of Production and Tracking
3(1)
The Oil and Gas Debate
4(3)
The Benefits of Oil and Gas Development
7(1)
Revenue Benefits
7(7)
Employment Benefits
14(2)
Energy and National Security Benefits
16(1)
Environmental Benefits
17(1)
Consumer Benefits
17(2)
Benefits Summary
19(1)
Production
20(2)
Disadvantages
22(1)
Food and Tracking
22(1)
Environmental Costs
23(1)
Public Health and Air Quality
24(1)
Water Pollution
24(3)
Earthquakes and Production Wastewaters
27(1)
Quality of Life
27(1)
Infrastructure
28(1)
Employment Realities
29(1)
Well Cleanup
29(1)
Land Fragmentation and Wildlife
30(1)
Costs Summary
31(1)
Power and the Tracking-Fueled Oil and Gas Debate
31(1)
2 Oil and Gas at the Federal Level
32(18)
The Federal Government's Historical Role
34(2)
Contemporary Federal Domestic Oil and Gas Legislation
36(5)
Tracking and Federal Rulemakers
41(1)
Fracking and the Environmental Protection Agency
41(1)
Fracking and the Railroads
41(4)
Fracking and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
45(1)
Fracking and the Pipelines
46(1)
Fracking and the Bureau of Land Management
47(2)
Summary
49(1)
3 Oil and Gas at the Subnational Level
50(23)
The Intergovernmental Fracking Puzzle
50(1)
The State-Local Legal Lines
51(1)
Dillon's Rule and the Cooley Doctrine
51(3)
The Intergovernmental Landscape
54(1)
State and Local Environmental Policymaking
55(1)
Citizen Engagement and Access
56(1)
Differing Priorities
57(1)
Setbacks and Quality of Life
57(2)
Emergency Management
59(1)
Finances
59(2)
Proximity and Context
61(1)
The Oil and Gas Landscape of State and Local Governments (as of 2016)
62(1)
Colorado and California
63(1)
Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico
64(2)
Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, and Michigan
66(1)
Louisiana, Florida, and North Carolina
67(1)
New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia
68(1)
Focusing on Colorado, Texas, and Ohio
69(3)
Summary of Possible Sources of Local Defiance
72(1)
4 Oil and Gas in Colorado
73(24)
Why Colorado?
74(1)
Colorado's Policymaking Context
75(1)
Constitutional and Statutory Provisions
75(3)
State Regulation
78(2)
Other Political Efforts
80(1)
Judicial Decisions About Local Control and Oil and Gas
81(3)
The Oil and Gas Debate in Colorado
84(1)
Oil and Natural Gas Production
85(2)
The Location of Development
87(1)
Benefits
88(1)
Employment Benefits
88(2)
State Revenue Benefits
90(1)
Local Revenues
91(2)
Costs
93(1)
Air Quality Impacts
94(1)
Water Supply
95(1)
Summary on Colorado's Intergovernmental Issues
95(2)
5 Oil and Gas in Ohio
97(25)
Why Ohio?
98(1)
Ohio's Policymaking Context
99(1)
Constitutional and Statutory Provisions
100(2)
State Regulations
102(2)
Local Involvement
104(1)
Judicial Decisions About Local Control and Oil and Gas
105(2)
The Oil and Gas Debate in Ohio
107(1)
Oil and Natural Gas Production
107(4)
The Location of Development
111(1)
Revenue and Tax Benefits
112(1)
Employment Benefits
113(3)
Costs
116(1)
Air and Water Impacts
117(1)
Cumulative Environmental Impacts
118(1)
Injection Wells
119(1)
Induced Seismicity
120(1)
Summary on Ohio's Intergovernmental Issues
120(2)
6 Oil and Gas in Texas
122(25)
Why Texas?
123(1)
Texas's Policymaking Context
124(1)
Constitutional and Legal Provisions
124(2)
Local Powers
126(1)
House Bill 40
127(1)
State Regulations
128(2)
Judicial Decisions About Local Control and Oil and Gas
130(2)
The Oil and Gas Debate in Texas
132(1)
Oil and Natural Gas Production
132(3)
Location of Development
135(1)
State Economic Benefits
136(4)
Local Economic Benefits
140(1)
Costs
141(1)
Air Quality Impacts
142(1)
Water Availability Impacts
143(1)
Concerns About Poor Enforcement
144(1)
Public Safety and Boom/Bust
145(1)
Summary on Texas's Intergovernmental Issues
146(1)
7 Local Oil and Gas Stories
147(32)
Sampling Process
148(1)
City of Longmont, Colorado
149(3)
City of Tort Collins, Colorado
152(1)
City of Greeley, Colorado
153(1)
City of Loveland, Colorado
154(3)
City of Munroe Tails, Ohio
157(2)
City of Broadview Heights, Ohio
159(2)
City of Youngstown, Ohio
161(2)
City of Akron, Ohio
163(3)
City of Arlington, Texas
166(2)
City of Denton, Texas
168(3)
City of Fort Worth, Texas
171(2)
City of Mansfield, Texas
173(3)
Explanations
176(3)
8 Local Oil and Gas Trends
179(18)
Sampling Process
179(1)
Dependent Variable
180(1)
Municipal Governments' Oil and Gas Policy Action Scale
180(2)
Independent Variables and Statistical Technique
182(2)
A Sample of Colorado's Municipalities
184(2)
Colorado Statistical Results
186(1)
A Sample of Ohio's Municipalities
187(2)
Ohio Statistical Results
189(1)
A Sample of Texas's Municipalities
190(1)
Texas Statistical Results
191(1)
Explanations
192(5)
9 Summary and Recommendations
197(23)
Summary of Comparative Findings
197(2)
State Summaries
199(1)
Identifying Best Practices
200(1)
Consider Improving Intergovernmental Relations
201(1)
Consider Capacity Building
202(3)
Consider Engaging Stakeholders, Especially at the Local Level
205(2)
Consider a Regional or Shale Play Approach
207(1)
Consider Voluntary Agreements
208(2)
Consider Designing or Permitting More Flexible Policy Instruments
210(1)
Consider Stoplight/Traffic Light Types of Policies, Including Triggers
211(1)
Consider Capacity-Building Assistance
212(1)
Consider Incubation Times for Local Governments and Industry
213(1)
Consider the Implementation of Voluntary or Self-Regulation
214(2)
Consider the Use of More Rigorous Disclosure Programs
216(1)
Consider Incorporating Risk-Based Policies
216(3)
Conclusions
219(1)
Works Cited 220(42)
Glossary 262(2)
Index 264
Jonathan M. Fisk, PhD, is currently an assistant professor of Political Science at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. He holds a Doctorate in Political Science from Colorado State University and a Masters of Public Administration from the University of Kansas. He has served as a Research Associate with the League of Kansas Municipalities. Currently, he is the Faculty Adviser to the Auburn University Student Chapter of the International City and County Management Association. He is also the Secretary of the Alabama Chapter of the American Society for Public Administration and a board member for the Section of Environment and Natural Resource Administration. His research has appeared in a number of academic outlets including State and Local Government Review, Society and Natural Resources, Politics and Policy, Review of Policy Research, and Local Environment. At Auburn University, Dr. Fisk teaches MPA seminars in Public Personnel Management, Organizational Theory, and Leadership, and undergraduate environmental policy and public administration courses.
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