Preface |
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Symbols |
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xi | |
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1 Scaling, Scale-invariance and Self-similarity |
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1 | (30) |
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1.1 Dimensions of physical quantity |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Buckingham Pi-theorem |
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5 | (3) |
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1.3 Examples to illustrate the significance of n-theorem |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (2) |
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1.7 Scale-invariance: Homogeneous function |
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18 | (3) |
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1.7.1 Scale invariance: Generalized homogeneous functions |
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20 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Dimension functions are scale-invariant |
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21 | (1) |
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1.8 Power-law distribution |
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21 | (10) |
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1.8.1 Examples of power-law distributions |
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22 | (1) |
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1.8.1.1 Euclidean geometry |
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22 | (1) |
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1.8.1.2 First return probability |
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23 | (5) |
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1.8.2 Extensive numerical simulation to verify powerlaw first return probability |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (38) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (10) |
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2.3.1 Recursive Cantor set |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (13) |
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2.4.1 Complete metric space |
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45 | (4) |
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2.4.2 Banach contraction mapping |
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49 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Completeness of the fractal space |
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51 | (7) |
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2.5 Construction of deterministic fractals |
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58 | (11) |
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2.5.1 Iterated function system |
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58 | (11) |
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69 | (28) |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2 A brief description of stochastic process |
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70 | (1) |
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3.3 Dyadic Cantor Set (DCS): Random fractal |
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71 | (2) |
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3.4 Kinetic dyadic Cantor set |
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73 | (4) |
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3.5 Stochastic dyadic Cantor set |
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77 | (4) |
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81 | (4) |
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3.7 Stochastic fractal in aggregation with stochastic self-replication |
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85 | (10) |
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3.8 Discussion and summary |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (32) |
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97 | (2) |
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4.2 The Legendre transformation |
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99 | (2) |
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4.3 Theory of multifractality |
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101 | (4) |
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4.3.0.1 Properties of the mass exponent τ(q) |
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102 | (2) |
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4.3.1 Legendre transformation of τs(q): f(α) spectrum |
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104 | (1) |
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4.3.1.1 Physical significance of α and f(α) |
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105 | (1) |
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4.4 Multifractal formalism in fractal |
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105 | (5) |
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4.4.1 Deterministic multifractal |
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107 | (3) |
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4.5 Cut and paste model on Sierpinski carpet |
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110 | (5) |
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4.6 Stochastic multifractal |
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115 | (1) |
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4.7 Weighted planar stochastic lattice model |
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115 | (1) |
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4.8 Algorithm of the weighted planar stochastic lattice (WPSL) |
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116 | (3) |
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4.9 Geometric properties of WPSL |
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119 | (5) |
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4.9.0.1 Multifractal analysis to stochastic Sierpinski carpet |
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120 | (2) |
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4.9.0.2 Legendre transformation of the mass exponent τs(q): The f(α) spectrum |
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122 | (2) |
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4.10 Multifractal formalism in kinetic square lattice |
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124 | (5) |
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126 | (3) |
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5 Fractal and Multifractal in Stochastic Time Series |
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129 | (24) |
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129 | (1) |
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5.2 Concept of scaling law, monofractal and multifractal time series |
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130 | (3) |
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5.3 Stationary and non-stationary time series |
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133 | (2) |
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5.4 Fluctuation analysis on monofractal stationary and non-stationary time series |
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135 | (9) |
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5.4.1 Autocorrelation function |
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135 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Fourier based spectrum analysis |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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5.4.4 Fluctuation analysis (FA) |
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139 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Detrended fluctuation analysis |
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140 | (4) |
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5.5 Fluctuation analysis on stationary and non-stationary multifractal time series |
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144 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Wavelet transform modulus maxima |
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144 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis |
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145 | (5) |
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150 | (3) |
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6 Application in Image Processing |
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153 | (30) |
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153 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Digital image processing |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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6.2 Generalized fractal dimensions |
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156 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Monofractal dimensions |
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156 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Box dimension of image |
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158 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Multifractal dimension |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Multifractal dimensions: A threshold measure |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (2) |
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6.4.1 Evaluation measure for quantitative analysis |
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164 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Human visual perception |
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164 | (2) |
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6.5 Medical image processing |
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166 | (2) |
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6.6 Mid-sagittal plane detection |
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168 | (15) |
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6.6.1 Description of experimental MRI data |
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171 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Performance evaluation metrics |
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171 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Results and discussions |
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172 | (9) |
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181 | (2) |
References |
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183 | (8) |
Index |
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191 | |