Foreword I |
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xv | |
Foreword II |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
Symbols and Definitions |
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xxiii | |
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1 | (25) |
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What is a Periodic Surface? |
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1 | (1) |
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Passive Versus Active Arrays |
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1 | (2) |
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Dipole Versus Slot Arrays |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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A Little History with Physical Insight |
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5 | (4) |
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How Do We ``Shape'' the Resonant Curve? |
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9 | (5) |
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Cascading Periodic Surfaces without Dielectrics |
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10 | (1) |
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Single Periodic Surface with Dielectric Slabs |
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10 | (1) |
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Real Hybrid Periodic Structures |
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11 | (3) |
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Application of Periodic Structures |
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14 | (7) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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Element Types: A Comparison |
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26 | (37) |
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26 | (2) |
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Group 1: Center Connected or N-Poles |
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28 | (10) |
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28 | (5) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (11) |
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Four-legged Loaded Element |
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38 | (6) |
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Three-legged Loaded Element |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (3) |
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Group 3: Solid Interior Types |
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49 | (5) |
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Group 4: Combination Elements |
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54 | (2) |
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Some Common Misconceptions About Elements |
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56 | (3) |
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Array versus Element Effect |
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56 | (2) |
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Bandwidth versus Width of the Elements |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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Evaluating Periodic Structures: An Overview |
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63 | (16) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Summary of Our Computational Approach |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Spectral Expansion of One- and Two-Dimensional Periodic Structures |
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79 | (46) |
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79 | (2) |
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The Vector Potential d Aq from a Single Infinite Column Array of Hertzian Elements with Arbitrary Orientation p |
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81 | (2) |
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Vector Potential dA for a Double Infinite Array of Hertzian Elements with Arbitrary Orientation p |
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83 | (3) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (1) |
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Vector Fields d H (R) and d E (R) for a Double Infinite Array of Hertzian Elements with Arbitrary Orientation p |
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86 | (1) |
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Vector Field E(R) for a Double Infinite Array of Elements with Given Current Distribution I(l) and Arbitrary Orientation p(1) |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (5) |
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Induced Voltages in a Linear Antenna |
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95 | (5) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (2) |
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Real Space: ry Positive Real |
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101 | (1) |
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Imaginary Space: ry Negative Imaginary |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Self-Impedance of a Single Element and of Arrays |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (9) |
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Example I: Scattering from an Array of z-Directed Elements |
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105 | (3) |
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Example II: Investigation of RA |
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108 | (1) |
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Example III: Variation of Γ with Scan Angle |
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109 | (3) |
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Example IV: Scan Impedance ZA as a Function of Scan Angle; Surface Waves |
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112 | (2) |
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Planar Elements of Arbitrary Shape |
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114 | (3) |
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Total Radiated Field from an Array with Segmented Elements |
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114 | (1) |
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Induced Voltage in a Segmented Element |
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115 | (1) |
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Mutual Impedance Z1',1 for Arrays with Segmented Elements |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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Interpretation of Plane Wave Expansion |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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Length of Element Segments |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (5) |
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Dipole Arrays in a Stratified Medium |
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125 | (65) |
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125 | (1) |
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A Plane Wave Incident upon a Dielectric Interface |
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125 | (3) |
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Arrays and External Elements Located in Infinite Medium Zm |
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128 | (2) |
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Arrays and External Elements Located in a Semi-Infinite Medium |
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130 | (1) |
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Arrays and External Elements Located in a Slab |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (6) |
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Single-Bounce Mode in the Negative y-Direction |
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133 | (2) |
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Double-Bounce Mode in the Negative y-Direction |
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135 | (1) |
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Single-Bounce Mode in the Positive y-Direction |
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136 | (1) |
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Double-Bounce Mode in the Positive y-Direction |
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137 | (1) |
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Total Voltage V(1')Tot+ Induced by Waves in Positive and Negative y-Directions |
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137 | (3) |
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R(1') Located in Region III |
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138 | (2) |
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General Stratified Medium with NonPlanar Elements |
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140 | (2) |
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General Stratified Medium with Planar Elements |
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142 | (1) |
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Scan Independence: Single Array in a Single Slab |
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143 | (5) |
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Surface Waves on Periodic Structures of Electric Dipoles: Free and Forced |
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148 | (7) |
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Onset of Trapped and Free Space Grating Lobes |
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155 | (7) |
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155 | (2) |
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Onset with Dielectric Slab |
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157 | (5) |
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Examples of Surface Waves and Onset of Grating Lobes for Arrays of Electric Dipoles |
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162 | (13) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (12) |
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175 | (9) |
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Rectangular Array Grid without Dielectric |
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175 | (4) |
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Skewed Grid without Dielectric |
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179 | (3) |
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Any Array Grid with Dielectric |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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On the Distance between Arrays and Dielectric Interface |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (4) |
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Slot Arrays in a Stratified Medium |
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190 | (37) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (3) |
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Scan Independence of a Slot Array Adjacent to Dielectric Slabs |
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195 | (4) |
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Admittance of a Slot Array with a Dielectric Slab to One Side and a Ground Plane to the Other |
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199 | (3) |
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Mutual Admittance Between Two Slot Arrays |
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202 | (2) |
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Surface Waves on Periodic Structures of Slots: Free and Forced |
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204 | (3) |
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Comparison of Electric Dipole and Slot Cases |
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207 | (1) |
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Onset of Trapped and Free Space Grating Lobes |
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207 | (1) |
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Typical Examples of Surface Waves and Onset of Grating Lobes for Arrays of Slots |
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208 | (7) |
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Common Misconceptions: The Effect of Dielectric |
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215 | (9) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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Band-Pass Filter Designs: The Hybrid Radome |
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227 | (52) |
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227 | (2) |
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Modeling of an N-Layered Hybrid Radome |
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229 | (1) |
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Determination of the Transmission Coefficient for an N-Layered Hybrid Radome |
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230 | (5) |
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Determination of the Current I(i) Induced in the First Array by the Incident Field |
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230 | (2) |
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Determination of the Slot Voltages V(n) |
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232 | (2) |
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Determination of the Transmitted Field |
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234 | (1) |
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Analysis of the Hybrid Radome |
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235 | (5) |
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236 | (3) |
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Nonsymmetric Hybrid Radome |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (15) |
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N = 1: Monoplanar Symmetric Hybrid Radome |
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240 | (2) |
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N = 2: Biplanar Symmetric Hybrid Radome |
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242 | (7) |
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N = 3: Triplanar Symmetric Hybrid Radome |
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249 | (5) |
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N ≥ 4: Multilayered Cases |
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254 | (1) |
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``Honeycomb'' and Thick Screen Radomes |
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255 | (3) |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (1) |
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Receive-Transmit Dipoles Connected via Cables |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (9) |
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258 | (3) |
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261 | (6) |
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267 | (1) |
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Common Misconceptions about the Design of Hybrid Radomes |
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267 | (5) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Practicality of the Designs |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Biplanar versus Multilayered Designs |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (5) |
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Band-Stop and Dichroic Filter Designs |
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279 | (36) |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (1) |
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How to Calculate the Scattering from N Arrays of Dipoles in a Stratified Medium |
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282 | (2) |
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Choice of the Element Type |
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284 | (1) |
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Choice of Array Separation: Array Interference Nulls |
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284 | (3) |
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Choice of Dielectric Between Arrays |
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287 | (2) |
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Matching in the Band-Pass Region |
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289 | (8) |
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Optimizing the Band-Pass Transmission without Use of Separate Matching Sections |
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289 | (4) |
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Designing a Matching Section for the Band-Pass Frequencies |
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293 | (4) |
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Extending the Upper Frequency |
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297 | (3) |
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Effect of Staggered Tuning |
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300 | (6) |
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300 | (3) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Summary of Equal versus Staggered Tuning |
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303 | (3) |
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Conclusions on Equal and Staggered Tuning |
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306 | (1) |
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Conclusions for Band-Stop Filter Design with Broad Bandwidth |
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306 | (1) |
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Band-Stop Filter with Narrow Bandwidth |
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307 | (4) |
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307 | (1) |
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Choice of Dielectric Profile |
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307 | (2) |
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Calculated Reflection and Transmission Curves |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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Differences between Band-Pass and Band-Stop |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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On the Bandwidth of ``Fat'' Elements |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (3) |
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Jaumann and Circuit Analog Absorbers |
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315 | (21) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (3) |
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Rigorous Calculations of Circuit Analog Absorbers |
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322 | (7) |
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Modifications Due to Element Width |
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322 | (2) |
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Modifications of the Currents Due to Loss in the Elements |
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324 | (1) |
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Equivalent Load Resistance Due to Lossy Elements |
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325 | (3) |
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Effect on Load Resistance Due to Orthogonal Strips |
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328 | (1) |
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Effect on Ya as Caused by Orthogonal Strips |
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329 | (1) |
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Obtaining a Circuit Analog Admittance from the Field Reflection Coefficient |
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330 | (1) |
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Manufacturing Circuit Analog Sheets |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (2) |
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332 | (1) |
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Phased Arrays versus Circuit Analog Absorbers |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (2) |
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Power Handling of Periodic Surfaces |
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336 | (24) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Breakdown Caused by the Electrical Field in General |
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337 | (2) |
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On Voltage Breakdown of Wire Elements |
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339 | (11) |
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Determination of V(l) along the Elements |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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Characteristic Impedances Zc and Z'c |
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343 | (1) |
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Maximum Field and the Form Factor α |
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343 | (5) |
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Example 1: An FSS of Four-Legged Loaded Wire Elements |
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348 | (1) |
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How to Increase the Power Handling of Wire Elements |
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349 | (1) |
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On Voltage Breakdown of Slot Elements |
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350 | (3) |
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Determination of the Slot Voltage |
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350 | (1) |
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Determination of the Maximum Field Strength in the Slots |
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351 | (1) |
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Example 2: An FSS of Four-Legged Loaded Slot Elements |
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351 | (1) |
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How to Increase the Power Handling of Slot Elements |
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352 | (1) |
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Comparison of Wire and Slot FSS |
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353 | (1) |
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Power Handling in a Stratified Medium |
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354 | (2) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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Comparing the Wire and Slot Cases |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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Concluding Remarks and Future Trends |
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360 | (5) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
Appendix A Bilinear Transformation |
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365 | (12) |
Appendix B Evaluation of the Determinant DN |
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377 | (4) |
Appendix C Fresnel Reflection and Transmission Coefficients |
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381 | (4) |
Appendix D Effective Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for a Stratified Medium |
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385 | (8) |
Appendix E Estimating the Resonant Frequency of a Single Periodic Surface: The Concept εeff |
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393 | (4) |
Appendix F Extension to Arrays of Wide Flat Elements |
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397 | (4) |
References |
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401 | (4) |
Index |
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405 | |