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From Protoplanetary Disks to Planet Formation: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy 2019 ed. [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 260 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 728 g, 46 Illustrations, color; 24 Illustrations, black and white; XXXIII, 260 p. 70 illus., 46 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Feb-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 366258686X
  • ISBN-13: 9783662586860
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 260 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 728 g, 46 Illustrations, color; 24 Illustrations, black and white; XXXIII, 260 p. 70 illus., 46 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Feb-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 366258686X
  • ISBN-13: 9783662586860
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Is the Sun and its planetary system special? How did the Solar system form? Are there similar systems in the Galaxy? How common are habitable planets? What processes take place in the early life of stars and in their surrounding circumstellar disks that could impact whether life emerges or not?





This book is based on the lectures by Philip Armitage and Wilhelm Kley presented at  45th Saas-Fee Advanced Course From Protoplanetary Disks to Planet Formation of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. The first part deals with the physical processes occurring in proto-planetary disks starting with the observational context, structure and evolution of the proto-planetary disk, turbulence and accretion, particle evolution and structure formation. The second part covers planet formation and disk-planet interactions. This includes in detail dust and planetesimal formation, growth to protoplanets, terrestrial planet formation, giant planet formation, migration of planets, multi-planet systems and circumbinary planets.





As Saas-Fee advanced course this book offers PhD students an in-depth treatment of the topic enabling them to enter on a research project in the field.
1 Physical Processes in Protoplanetary Disks 1(150)
Philip J. Armitage
1.1 Preamble
1(1)
1.2 Observational Context
2(11)
1.2.1 The Classification of Young Stellar Objects
3(2)
1.2.2 Accretion Rates and Lifetimes
5(1)
1.2.3 Inferences from the Dust Continuum
6(3)
1.2.4 Molecular Line Observations
9(2)
1.2.5 Large-Scale-Structure in Disks
11(2)
1.3 Disk Structure
13(19)
1.3.1 Vertical and Radial Structure
14(6)
1.3.2 Thermal Physics
20(5)
1.3.3 Ionization Structure
25(7)
1.4 Disk Evolution
32(22)
1.4.1 The Classical Equations
33(5)
1.4.2 Boundary Conditions
38(5)
1.4.3 Viscous Heating
43(2)
1.4.4 Warped Disks
45(2)
1.4.5 Disk Winds
47(7)
1.5 Turbulence
54(28)
1.5.1 Hydrodynamic Turbulence
57(2)
1.5.2 Self-gravity
59(5)
1.5.3 Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence and Transport
64(1)
1.5.4 The Magnetorotational Instability
64(16)
1.5.5 Transport in the Boundary Layer
80(2)
1.6 Episodic Accretion
82(12)
1.6.1 Secular Disk Instabilities
84(7)
1.6.2 Triggered Accretion Outbursts
91(3)
1.7 Single and Collective Particle Evolution
94(12)
1.7.1 Radial Drift
95(6)
1.7.2 Vertical Settling
101(1)
1.7.3 Streaming Instability
102(4)
1.8 Structure Formation in Protoplanetary Disks
106(14)
1.8.1 Ice Lines
106(4)
1.8.2 Particle Traps
110(3)
1.8.3 Zonal Flows
113(1)
1.8.4 Vortices
114(4)
1.8.5 Rossby Wave Instability
118(2)
1.9 Disk Dispersal
120(7)
1.9.1 Photoevaporation
121(5)
1.9.2 MHD Winds
126(1)
References
127(24)
2 Planet Formation and Disk-Planet Interactions 151(95)
Wilhelm Kley
2.1 Introduction
151(7)
2.1.1 The Solar System
152(2)
2.1.2 Properties of the Extrasolar Planets
154(2)
2.1.3 Pathways to Planets
156(2)
2.2 From Dust to Planetesimals
158(10)
2.2.1 Study the Initial Growth Phase
160(6)
2.2.2 How to Overcome Growth Barriers
166(2)
2.2.3 Dust Concentration
168(1)
2.3 Terrestrial Planet Formation
168(14)
2.3.1 Concepts
169(7)
2.3.2 Growth to Protoplanets
176(4)
2.3.3 Assembly of the Terrestrial Planets
180(2)
2.4 The Formation of Massive Planets by Core Accretion
182(15)
2.4.1 Background
183(2)
2.4.2 The Growth to a Giant
185(6)
2.4.3 The Final Mass
191(3)
2.4.4 Interior Structure of Planets
194(3)
2.5 Planets Formed by Gravitational Instability
197(15)
2.5.1 Background
197(2)
2.5.2 Linear Stability Analyses
199(4)
2.5.3 Fragmentation Conditions
203(4)
2.5.4 Non-linear Simulations
207(5)
2.6 Planet-Disk Interaction
212(19)
2.6.1 Basic Concepts
213(2)
2.6.2 Type I Migration
215(5)
2.6.3 Type II Migration
220(4)
2.6.4 Other Regimes of Migration
224(3)
2.6.5 Eccentricity and Inclination
227(4)
2.7 Multi-body Systems
231(15)
2.7.1 Resonances
232(5)
2.7.2 Dynamics
237(3)
2.7.3 Multi-planet Systems
240(1)
2.7.4 Circumbinary Planets
241(5)
References 246
The authors:

Philip Armitage was born in 1971 just outside of London in Sevenoaks, Kent, England. At Cambridge University, he studied physics and theoretical physics, earning a B. A. in 1993. He earned a doctorate in 1996 for a study of accretion disks around young stars with Cathie Clark at Cambridges Institute of Astronomy. He was then a postdoc at the Canadian Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Toronto (19961999). At Toronto, he continued his studies of accretion disks and began studies of planet formation. Next, he spent another postdoctoral year at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Munich. From 2000 to 2002 he was assistant professor at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, and has been an assistant, associate and then full professor of the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences at the University of Colorado and Fellow of JILA since 2002. He has continued his research on accretion disks, on the formation and evolutionof extrasolar planetary systems, and on the astrophysics of black holes. In 2018 he took up a joint position at Stony Brook University and the Center for Computational Astrophysics at the Flatiron Institute.



Wilhelm Kley studied physics and astronomy at the Universities of Bochum, Sussex and Munich. He obtained his PhD in physics at the Ludwig-Maximilians University (München) in 1988, and spent then 3 years as postdoc time at UC Santa Cruz and Queen Mary College London. He stayed for 6 years at Friedrich Schiller University (Jena) as postdoc and senior researcher, and another year as postdoc at Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (Heidelberg). Since October 2001 he is full professor of Computational Physics at Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen. The focus of his research lies in the fields of Computational Astrophysics, Planet Formation, Accretion Disk Physics.

The editors:

Marc Audard (born 1974, M. Sc Physics, University of Lausanne; PhD, ETHZ) works on star formation, with an emphasis on the observational properties of protoplanetary disks in young outbursting sources. After his PhD in 2002 at the Paul Scherrer Institut and ETH Zurich, he was postdoc and then Associate Research Scientist at Columbia University in New York City where he shifted his research field from stellar coronae to star formation from a multi-wavelength perspective. In 2006 he returned to Switzerland as Swiss National Science Foundation Professor at the Department of Astronomy at the University of Geneva. Since 2012 he is Maītre d'enseignement et de recherche, working on the ASTRO-H/Hitomi project until his demise, and then on the Gaia mission in the Coordination Unit 7 on variability processing. Since 2018 he is also Executive Secretary of the European Astronomical Society.





Michael R. Meyer (born 1967, A.B. Physics, Washington Univerisity in St.Louis, M.S. in Physics, University of Missouri, PhD in Astronomy, University of Massachusetts) was Chair of Star and Planet Formation at the ETH in Zürich (2009-2016) and was formerly a Professor/Astronomer at the Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona (2000-2009).  He was a Hubble Fellow at the University of Arizona (1997-2000) and did a post-doc at the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomie (1995-1997).  He has more than 20 years of international scientific research experience, in the fields of galactic and infrared astronomy, as well as the formation, evolution, and characterisation of planetary systems (and associated implications on the prospects for life in the Universe).  He has experience participating in the development of ground- and space-based instrumentation, including both the NIRCam and NIRISS instruments for the James Webb Space Telescope as well as high contrast imaging systems/spectrographs for 6-10 meter telescopes and next generation extremely large telescopes.









Yann Alibert was born in 1974. He made his studies at the EcoleNormale Supérieure in Lyon (France), and obtained there his PhD in 2001. He then spent 6 years as a postdoc at the University of Bern (Switzerland) and obtained in 2007 a CNRS position in Besanēon (France). He went back to Bern after being awarded an ERC Starting Grant in 2010. In 2014, he became Science Officer of the NCCR PlanetS. He is working on theoretical models of planet formation and evolution, habitability, member of different observation consortia among which CHEOPS and ESPRESSO. He recently shifted part of his research towards machine and deep learning.